“All Fours” and Taekwondo Remind Me Who I Am Beyond a Mother

When our taekwondo master spars with us, it’s slow, instructive. He’s demonstrating a drill we’re about to do in pairs or walking through possible attacks or counters with a student to show them their own tendencies.

I hadn’t seen him spar for real until a former student, a heavyweight finance bro who used to spar in college, came back one day. Anu is 25, bulky, and flexible. Our master is a 31-year-old featherweight. “What level do you want?” our master asks Anu before they begin, which is both a flex and a real question. Even though our master could destroy Anu right away, it would be easy for either of them to get hurt. Anu because he rolls his ankles just from walking across the room. Our master because he’s fighting someone heavier with less control over where his kicks land.

They begin warming up with no gear, light contact. Our master wears a white uniform, black collar, black belt, black stripes down the shoulders. Anu wears a green muscle shirt and rolled-up white pants. Anu struts around before holding his fist out to make contact and begin. Our master bounces a little, relaxed, baiting. He holds his leg out, tapping Anu several times. That was the old style, he says, like sword fighting. Now it’s all cut kicks. Anu tries headshots for more points. He’s flexible. But our master slides 45 degrees or steps forward to clinch. Anu punches, which is fewer points. But it’s good for him. His arms are imposing and can psych his opponent out. After some time, they decide without speaking to put on their chest guards and helmets. Another student and I lace and tie their chest guards. Anu likes his tight; our master likes his loose.

Anu is blocking well, but our master’s foot finds its way under, over, and through his arms.

Our master jumps once and kicks Anu three times, each one higher than the last, before landing. “What the hell was that?” Anu says.

“It’s just this one,” our master says and demonstrates the three kicks on the dummy to show Anu.

Anu, almost 100lbs heavier than our master, goes up for a headshot. Our master ducks and stands back up in time to gently lift Anu’s leg and send him rolling across the floor.

“If you weren’t staring at yourself in the mirror, you could have killed me,” our master says.

They spar and rest and argue. Accidentally hurt each other, rest, spar. 

I sit unmoving like suddenly the Olympics has commenced in front of me. Like I’m a kid up past my bedtime and if I move my parents will remember I exist.

After a while Anu looks over at me and asks, “Do you like watching us dick around?”

“Yes,” I say, and realize everyone else has left.

I couldn’t sleep after the first time I saw them fight. I stared at the ceiling, buzzing and glowing like I had a secret. I just learned people could fly, and I was a person, too.


The taekwondo studio, I’ve found, is the only place where I can be completely focused on something outside of myself. For a long time, I have found this experience to be rare. After puberty, I understood my value was tied to my ability to be attractive, both pretty and cool, and that awareness accompanied me in every context. I saw myself from the outside the way I saw actresses in movies romanticized. Could I fall in love with me from this angle or that? If ever I was fully inside myself, focused on something out in the world, that awareness of my role would snap me back out of myself and point my gaze at me. After becoming a mother, I perceived expectations on me to grow exponentially in impossible and conflicting ways. The demands of motherhood require you to exist above reproach as you care flawlessly and tirelessly for your perfect children. But the things you need to do to fulfill those duties (when they’re young: not sleep, not shower, not talk to any other adults, not be frustrated or resentful) are in direct conflict with being pretty or cool. 

But at taekwondo, there are no societal expectations for how a middle-aged woman is supposed to be as a student. It’s already unusual that I’m there. In class we only consider taekwondo and the other people in front of us. Are we attacking or defending, sore or tired, warmed up or stiff or strong, laughing, frustrated, amazed. We, teens and adults of all genders, wear the same uniform. We’re not pretty. We’re not parents. There’s no one present I’m supposed to take care of and, notably, no particular way I’m supposed to feel.


My other middle-aged, married friends and I have a list of books and films we avoid because we’re afraid if we consume the wrong one, it’ll be impossible for us to stay married. Miranda July’s novel All Fours is one of them. But I risked it because one of my middle-aged, married friends recommended it after he saw me struggling to write about ideas of home and safety.

July’s narrator is 45, a semi-famous multimedia artist married to a man, Harris, and mother to one nonbinary child, Sam. She has birth trauma. She has a best friend, Jordi, the only person in her life with whom she’s always honest. I, too, have an admirable and capable husband. I have kids, birth trauma, and a very limited number of people with whom I am honest.

The narrator describes the self-governing system of shame so many mothers experience, even in private, even in their own homes. She says before she and Harris had kids she could easily “dance across the sexism of my era, whereas becoming a mother shoved my face right down into it.” When she describes how Harris was “openly rewarded” for every parenting task he did while she was “quietly shamed” for the same things, a deep recognition stirred in me. But, as July writes, “There was no way to fight back against this, no one to point a finger at, because it came from everywhere. Even walking around my own house I felt haunted, fluish with guilt about every single thing I did or didn’t do.” 

It’s amazing how efficient a system of shame can be when the shamer and the shamed share one body. Years ago, I had a student in a fiction workshop who was my age, an outstanding writer working on a novel about political revolutionaries in Pakistan. There was a line in her novel I think about all the time. The narrator’s grandfather, a radical poet, says something like, “Yes, make a woman’s body shameful. Then where will she live?”

After becoming a mother, I perceived expectations on me to grow exponentially in impossible and conflicting ways.

No one told me to feel guilty every time my husband does the dishes (most days!) or makes our son’s lunch or supervises our kids’ baths and showers (half of the time). He signs them up for summer camp. He cleans the humidifiers. I keep track of the things I don’t do, subtracting from the calculation of my moral performance.

When I drop the kids off at school and pick them up and manage each of their opposing whims and snacks and fights and questions until evening, I don’t know exactly what I’m “doing” and don’t feel like my husband should be doing it. When I brush their hair and donate the clothes they’ve grown out of and go through months of homework and crafts to decide what to keep or recycle and look up their symptoms and maintain friendships with their friends’ parents, I don’t think my husband should be doing it. But when he does bedtime so that I can go to taekwondo, I’m sent down an emotional flight of stairs, landing, shivering at the bottom, imagining the kids as adults, still troublingly blond, on the phone with each other, never being able to remember a time when I was there while they fell asleep (I do bedtime three nights a week).

When I was a new mom my friend who’d been a mom slightly longer than I had came to visit. What a relief to have someone witness your baby and show them things you didn’t know about yet (Duplo blocks)! My friend was talking about how much her husband does for the kids, how she felt like he was better at taking them places, managing their bodies in their various carriers, and not becoming overwhelmed by their constant talking and demands. She said of course she does things, too, like clip their nails. She couldn’t think of anything else. “I do other stuff,” she said. To herself. To everyone.

Sometimes after taekwondo I pull into the garage and sit there for an hour or more. Sometimes I drink nips like a 90s dad, sometimes I don’t. I answer texts, read horrifying headlines my dad has sent throughout the day, scroll TikTok. I’m tired for one thing. Let’s say it’s 10:30pm. Taekwondo ends at 8:30, but sometimes we stretch and talk for a while. Sometimes we keep practicing. Or video each other spinning-roundhouse-kicking a ball out of the air. Or see how far we can jump or high we can jump. Sometimes we show each other pictures from our weekends or of our dogs. Sometimes we make plans for one of our birthdays, or play would you rather or read out horoscopes or riddles. We want to be in one third of a run-down cinderblock strip mall and we want to be there for a long time. It’s not a rose garden or a spa. There are no nature sounds, real or piped in, unless you count the screams of someone seeing a spider. In the garage after, getting out of the car: It’s hard to move when you’re tired and have been sweaty and then still. It’s hard to turn back into a wife and mom when you have been just a person. My tombstone will read: “Devoted wife and mother. It took her forever to get out of the car.”

When I do come in, I do it quietly in case the kids are still awake. If they know I’m home, they’ll want me to crack their toes and take turns lying in their beds. They’ll get wound up again and I can’t tell them no, even if what’s best for them is to get a healthy amount of sleep. “I came into the house my usual way, like a thief,” July writes. “I turned the lock slowly and shut the door with the handle all the way to the left to avoid the click of the lock. I was often two or three hours late because I had trouble admitting that I was planning to talk to Jordi for five hours. But how could it be any shorter, given that it was my one chance a week to be myself?” 

Is it leaving the house that lets the narrator be herself? Or is it talking to her friend who doesn’t need anything from her? Conversely, “When Harris comes in late he slams the door cheerfully behind him. He’s trying to be quiet, but not that hard. His mind is on other things, and why not? This is his house.” Yes, if we’re not comfortable in our bodies or in our houses, where will we live?


July’s narrator sets out on what is supposed to be a cross-country road trip from L.A. to New York. But she does not drive across the country. She’s nervous about driving all that way alone and makes excuses to stop. She has an intense interaction with a young man at a gas station. She stops for lunch and runs into him, Davey, again. Then she gets a room at a cheap motel by the Hertz where Davey works, twenty minutes outside L.A. She doesn’t know how long she’ll stay but slowly extends the reservation to encompass the whole two-and-a-half weeks she’d planned to be away. She lies to Harris and Sam, reporting her stops in different states headed east, and to the friends she’s supposed to visit in New York, saying something came up with a crisis or project and she’d see them next time. She hires Davey’s wife to help redecorate the motel room. She goes for walks with Davey every day, and they slowly reveal to each other they feel the same mutual desire and obsession. They spend the rest of the narrator’s vacation in the room in creative and intensely intimate ways.

July spends a lot of time describing the redecoration of the room, and in fact, the redecoration of the room was more uncomfortable for me to read about than any of the other ideas in the book, menopause, infidelity, desire, suicide, the deathfield, sex, lying, motherhood, divorce. All those things make sense. But redecorating a temporary place, a room that doesn’t belong to you, seemed random, indulgent, outside the logic of the narrative. I wasn’t sure if my reaction was a critique of the book, or a critique of the importance of a place. I felt afraid while they decorated, and afraid in the scenes when the characters were in the room. Were they going to reveal to me something I wanted or needed but couldn’t have?

In an interview with The Yale Review, July says, “Gradually, over years, I came to realize that the narrator’s desire to decorate was the tip of a very large iceberg. What makes a home? Can you make it up? Will it be ‘real’? Is real just a construction held together by fear? And if a home is a place for love and intimacy and honesty, then maybe it is not one thing, different for everyone, always changing—and political. Since there is no pure form of love and intimacy and honesty, they are always made of long histories of unsafety. Everyone in a home feels a different kind of unsafety, depending on who they are. Cozy! Ha. But coziness is the goal. A safe, relaxed feeling that is possible for the narrator in the motel room and eventually (spoiler alert) everywhere else too.”


One of the guided meditations a therapist thought might help after my own birth trauma was to imagine a place where I felt safe. I couldn’t imagine one. There were, as July describes, long histories of unsafety attached to every place I could imagine, even if that unsafety was the fear of losing it, or of it not being mine. 

Even before I had any experiences where I was afraid I was going to die or my child was going to die, I’d do a thought experiment about where I might want to have my ashes scattered, which is really a question of where feels the most like home. Where would I not feel like a stranger or an imposter at all for eternity

It’s hard to turn back into a wife and mom when you have been just a person.

My family used to rent one side of a tiny duplex for two weeks every summer on a lake in Michigan. It’s where I learned to swim and to drive. It’s where I had all my first crushes. That seemed like a perfect contender, but the duplex went up for sale and the new owners tore it down to build what my parents derisively called “a mansion.” I can still feel the soles of my feet on the knotted wood slanting steeply over the bed. I’d lie on my back and put my feet on the ceiling until my legs went to sleep and so did I. My childhood home, maybe, though more complicated, less filled with concentrated joy than the summer duplex. I drove by it when I was back home visiting a friend and the new owners had cut down the tree so grand in the front yard it took a chain of four kids, me, my brother, and our friends, eight little fleshy arms, to encircle it all the way around, fingertips touching. And in the tree’s place, almost laughably: a Trump sign. The arboretum in Ann Arbor, where I walked for hundreds of hours in undergrad, belongs to other students now. If my ashes were there, I would feel like an eternal college student, and that’s not how I feel. Moore State Park, where I live now, has fields and water and trails lined with azaleas, but I still feel like a transplant in New England. Our first apartment here burned down. Our own house now, where both our kids were babies, perhaps. It’s in New England, where I don’t belong, but my body is here in this house, my blood soaked into the grooves between the bathroom tiles where I hemorrhaged after my daughter was born. I could be scattered in the backyard. But how strange to be there when the kids won’t be. The hope is they’ll be grown up and living new places filled with their own dangers. And this house isn’t mine. It belongs to me as a wife and mother. If I were neither of those things, I couldn’t live here.

One’s mind naturally goes to where they were happiest.

The taekwondo studio is our master’s, not mine, and so there is danger there, too. If I were to disappoint or betray him somehow, or less likely, if he were to disappoint or betray me, it would feel different. I think he thinks about this, on some level, almost all the time. The sameness of the place, day-to-day, is remarkable. If you forget something, it is likely unmoved from where you left it when you come back. His voice is the same, his intonation, his phrasing, his teasing. We do the same routines at the start of class before we break off into whatever we’re individually working on.

He is also very, very slow to let people actually know him. Perhaps there was danger for him in his own studio when his friends from real life joined our adult class. Now there were opportunities for them to mention things about him his students didn’t know, opportunities for his students to become friends with his friends. One of his friends wanted to practice talking to girls. “He can practice on us!” I told our master, but he seemed hesitant. “Let’s say he gets weird,” he said. “Who cares if he’s weird,” I said. I’ve always prided myself on being unflappable, not judging anyone or protecting myself. “And then you guys feel weird,” he continued. “Then it’s weird here. It’s bad for business.”

It seemed cold and frankly inaccurate to think about this magical place as a business, even if it is one. But then I realized it was entirely up to him to maintain the magic for us. And that’s lonely. When you’re the only one with the ultimate responsibility, it’s as lonely as being a parent.

Maybe that’s the key. I get to be a kid there. I get to be taken care of. 

My son and daughter also take taekwondo, but I insist on us each attending our separate classes. My son wants to come to the adult class. His friend, he reminds me, goes with her mom sometimes. “Unfortunately, it’s too late for you,” I lie. The truth is, if my son is there, I will take care of him, and I don’t want to. 


I liked Harris, the narrator’s husband in All Fours. He reminded me a lot of my own husband. They’re both, oddly, sound engineers. Both equal coparents. Both sensible, thoughtful, steady. Even when they fight, Harris and my husband speak “very slowly” and calmly. Harris and my husband both keep track of fairness and equal distribution of tasks, logistics, scheduling. They’re polite or passive aggressive, asking if something is right when they believe or know it is.

My body is here in this house, my blood soaked into the grooves between the bathroom tiles where I hemorrhaged after my daughter was born.

My husband and I have been together for a greater portion of our lives than we have not. And because we work on this shared project of being married and raising kids, we need each other likely in more ways than we realize. I think because of this element of need, part of me needs to be kept a secret from him. Having a secret part of myself feels like a form of safety, something to catch me if my husband should suddenly disappear.

When the narrator sets out for what she and Harris believe is her multi-day drive, they say goodbye in the driveway. Harris takes a picture of her hugging their child. “‘Call us from Utah tonight,’ he said, hugging me. I gave him a look that said: If I survive, if I come back to you, let us finally give up this farce and be as one. He gave me a look that said: We could be as one right now, if you really wanted that. To which my eyes said nothing.”

My best friend from high school, Sarah, and I talk on the phone every morning for 20 minutes (if our children, morning routines, and latenesses to work allow). She’s also married to a man who makes more money than she does. She also has kids. She, too, feels the strain of need and dependence on what would otherwise be a connection to her husband that’s free to be as intimate as possible. One day she’d learned she’d be receiving a small inheritance from the death of a family member. “Secret account,” we both whispered. Our husbands don’t need to protect themselves in this way, which makes us feel bad that we feel that we do. But our health insurance is their health insurance. Our houses their houses.

Sarah has a gift this summer. Her kids’ camp ends at 4pm each day instead of the usual 3pm school pickup. “What should I do?” she asked me. Should she work longer hours to make more money and so her company doesn’t have to hire a parttime person? Should she go home and organize and clean so logistics at home are smoother? “Secret weights,” I said. “Of course,” she said. “Tell work you’re at home and tell home you’re at work and lift weights for an hour every day.” We need to be strong. It doesn’t have to be a secret, but it’s better if it is. Ta da! I can lift this air conditioner. Ta da! I can live on my own at age 90.


When I watch people who are better than me fight (everyone), I can usually tell what they’re doing and appreciate how good they are. It’s similar to reading better writers than me. What a thrill to see what they do and to wish I could do it. But there are some writers who seem to be operating on a different plane. I can’t identify what they’re doing; I can only experience it. When I watch our master fight, it’s like this. He’s physically and mentally on a level where I can’t recognize the decisions he makes or what happens after he leaves the ground and before he lands again.

One night in a small class, just me and two others, our master breaks down one of his kicks for us. First, he shows us a cut kick. 

“But the cut kick is a fake,” he says. 

You lean back on your standing leg and lift your cutting knee and foot between 90 and 45 degrees. Instead of cutting when you leave the ground, you turn your cutting knee toward the ceiling, so your opponent, who is watching the angles of your knees and feet to predict your next move, reacts as though you may be switching from a cut to a push kick. But you’re not doing a push kick either. Instead of extending your leg then, you turn your standing foot, which is no longer standing, 90 degrees, twist your waist, and land a roundhouse kick. You leave the ground once. These shifts in position take place in the air, and they happen in about one second. 

“This is level one,” he says.


When my mom was my age and I was my kids’ ages, she suddenly made us all go to church. My brother and I were old enough to feel the injustice. We had not previously had to put on uncomfortable clothes and sit quietly on hard benches, bored, hot, and dying of thirst. She gave us word searches and gum, which, if we were living our emotional truths, we would have slapped out of her hands. But she had had an experience. She’d seen a leaf, bright green and bursting out of its bud, and heard a voice say, “yippee!” So now we had to go to church while she investigated her new spirituality, a belief in a form of a god. The Bible as a text was fascinating to her, and she loved to intellectually spar with the others at Bible Study. 

She didn’t need this place forever. She felt satisfied or lost interest after a year or two. Simultaneously we grew and entered new and different stages of needing her and being able to intellectually spar with her. But even without church, she can access the feeling she had with the leaf. She has a similar experience when she’s alone with the moon, she says. She has this secret, glowing feeling, like safety and extasy and oneness.

I’ve had this feeling, too. When I pause a movie I’m watching by myself to smoke a cigarette at night in the dark. When I ride my bicycle or sleep in my car or remember my journal, where I really exist, is with me in my bag. When I’m reading a book that blows my mind. When I watch our master spar. When I was nursing my kids, I could scurry them away to a quiet bedroom, encircle them with my arms, and feel them latch. Secret. Safe. 

There are some writers who seem to be operating on a different plane. I can’t identify what they’re doing; I can only experience it.

Why are secrecy, independence, and safety twinned together in these cases? If the knowledge that our master can fly is only mine, if I’m secretly getting stronger or smarter, the world cannot do its work on it and take away my awe, make a thing dutiful or shameful, make my attention shift to myself and my value at this angle or that.

Whenever my kids are trying to convince me of something or make a deal, they say, “If you let me do this thing, while I’m doing it, you can read by yourself or play cards by yourself or take a nap so you can stay up late by yourself…” They say it in a listing tone, drawing out the e sound in “self” to make it sound irresistible. And it is! They know me so well!


The narrator of All Fours uses the motel room to, among many things, interview her women friends about menopause, marriage, lust. One of the women she interviews is a historical biologist and says that the ecosystem around marriage is the problem, not marriage itself.

“‘For example, dances. They once fulfilled an important function in society—court dances, barn dances, ballroom dances—they allowed people to legally touch someone who wasn’t their husband or wife.’

‘That’s . . . healthy?’

‘Yes, biologically it’s important to feel different arms and hands . . . smell strange bodies. A diverse human biosphere makes for a healthy marriage.’

She said this last part with exhaustion, as if she’d made this argument a hundred times.”

The narrator makes a note: “Some customs have remained—monogamy—but not all the microtendrils that actually made it possible: the community, the dances, and God knows what else.”

What else? For me, artful, measured fighting.


Natalia and I are facing each other, our faces squished in our foam helmets. She’s 33 with a long thick braid of curly brown hair and bright blue eyes. We’re in the same weight class even though I’m taller, because she’s solid muscle and my body is held together with hopes. 

“Jane, your job is just to try to bother her,” our master says. 

Natalia is supposed to focus on distance. 

My legs, though inexperienced, are long, which is good for me. Everything about Natalia’s body, ability, experience, and attitude are good for her. She’s strong, fast, smart, and loves to fight.

We’re not kicking hard, and getting tapped in the chest guard, though that’s the opposite of the goal, feels good.

My footwork is bad. I can’t close distance. I’m self-conscious under the gaze of our teacher.

Over and over, he tells me to move with instead of against the kick when I’m blocking so there’s less impact, but I can’t make the change in real time.

One thing works once, to lift my front leg and tap her when she fakes, so I try doing that all the time.

When our teacher calls time, Natalia says, huge smile, flushed face, “Want to go again?”

I fight Natalia again. I fight Anu. Anu fights Natalia. Natalia fights our master. Our master fights Anu.

Anu and our master argue between rounds. If I had done this, then this would have happened, one of them says. No, says the other, because I would have done this.

Everything about Natalia’s body, ability, experience, and attitude are good for her.

“I love listening to you guys argue,” I say.

“I do it to buy myself more time to rest,” Anu says.

“I know you’re doing that,” our master says.

When I fall asleep that night, I think about how the second time I fought Natalia she was so far away. “She’s changed her strategy,” our teacher had said. “What do you have to do to adapt?” She was always out of range unless she was coming in to attack. Even lying calmly outside the moment, I can’t figure out what I should have done. I think about how I look at my opponent’s chest guard to try to anticipate their moves. Does their weight shift forward or back? But Natalia and Anu both look straight into their opponents’ eyes.


If the roles of wife and mother come with constant questioning, shame, conditions, fear of loss, it’s hard to remember what it’s like without all that. There is so much sex and lust in All Fours I didn’t even mention. The book is largely sex and lust. That seems to be the narrator’s path back to understanding herself as a person, and the motel room is the place she can have that feeling. My mom’s motel room was a church for a year or so, and then she could have that feeling of awe and oneness, with the moon. At the dojang, right now, I get to be a person. Once I’m confident enough that I exist outside of other people’s survival and pleasure, I can forget myself. Forget shame, forget the constant struggle for recognition. My secret safety is myself, dissolving, wide open to awe. Sprinkle my ashes on the way my mom feels when she looks at the moon. Sprinkle my ashes on the way I feel when I watch our master spar, (and then, maybe someday, everywhere else, too).

Desert Poetry in the Digital Age

In Tracing the Ether: Contemporary Poetry from Saudi Arabia, theorist and translator Dr. Moneera Al-Ghadeer gathers sixty-two poems by twenty-six poets who have inherited both the ruins of pre-Islamic longing and the blue light of a world digitally mapped and endlessly refreshed. Tracing the Ether is one of the first English-language anthologies to present Saudi poets not as cultural emissaries, but as participants in a shared global lyric—writing through the accelerations and dislocations of the digital age.

Al-Ghadeer’s scholarship has long traced how memory and language persist against erasure. Here, she extends that inquiry to a generation moving fluently between the aṭlāl, or the ruins, and the algorithm. For her, the desert—once a site of origin—now flickers as a conceptual afterimage: a home without borders, continually overwritten and reread. 

These poems confront the collapse of modernity, the instability of belonging, and the uncanny intimacy of technologies that archive even as they efface. A house shrinks into a pixel. A WhatsApp notification behaves like a revenant. Frida Kahlo and Mahmoud Darwish drift into the same stanza as if they’ve always lived there.

I spoke with Al-Ghadeer about translation as a form of return, the desert’s digital afterlife, and the new genealogies these poets make possible—genealogies shaped not by inheritance, but by echoes, traces, and the fragile architectures of memory.


Jood AlThukair: The anthology opens with Goethe’s declaration that “the epoch of world literature is at hand.” What does it mean, today, for a Saudi poet to enter the world not as an emissary of “difference” but as a participant in the universal?

Moneera Al-Ghadeer: The poets in Tracing the Ether claim their place by engaging with global currents: they address technology, converse with pop culture, and reference philosophical and literary figures. Technology and media dissolved cultural borders, enabling the rapid movement of events, ideas, and practices. These poems display a layering where unique local inscriptions are interlaced with universal phenomena, a synthesis that sustains the local and the global simultaneously. 

This interplay demonstrates how a grounding in local particularity is generative, not just in engaging, but in illuminating or even reshaping the prevailing understanding of the universal experience. By introducing these new Saudi poetic voices, Tracing the Ether seeks to disrupt Anglocentrist discussions and demonstrate that effective universal participation lies not in assimilation, but in introducing new, complex experiences into the global conversation.

JT: You frame tracing as both a cartographic act and an elegiac one—a gesture rooted in pre-Islamic poetry yet reconfigured through Google Maps. What kind of “home” are these poets tracing when the map itself has become a mirage? 

MG: The “home” these poets are tracing is not a fixed physical structure but an existential and conceptual graph—a lineage that memory compels them to map, even as technology threatens to erase [it]. 

The act of “tracing,” or “ather” in Arabic, is an elegiac gesture rooted in the ancient Arabian poetic tradition. Pre-Islamic qaṣīdah is preoccupied with remnants and fragments: the traces of departed tribes, the faint marks of henna or tattoo, and the fleeting scenes with the beloved. 

These traces become sites where memory reclaims itself. The Arabic words for trace (ather) and ether(atheer) share the same root “athara,” which connotes the suggestive concepts of leaving or following a trace, in both influence and narrative. 

The desert is a philosophical condition for Arab poetics.

The contemporary poet’s need to trace these origins echoes a powerful comparative gesture: the irresistible, siren-like call of memory. The Sirens’ song in the Odyssey and the pre-Islamic poet’s halt at the desolate ruins (al-aṭlāl) both represent traditions that converge on the seductive, arresting power of the past. The contemporary Arab poet cannot abandon this enchantment. 

The millennial poets—like Ahmed Al-Mulla, Ahmed Alali, and Mohamed Kheder—are concerned with the technological tropes that overwhelm belonging and dwelling. They track this lineage not as a literal return to the desert, but as an existential and conceptual graph that compels them to reposition home and situate their poetry as global while contributing to modern Arab poetics.

JT: Your introduction evokes a haunting line: “a home without walls or boundaries—the desert.” Do you see the desert as a spatial metaphor for world literature, or as its ethical counterpoint?

MG: This is my reading of the poetic depiction of digital displacement. It addresses the work of Ahmed Al-Mulla, whose speaker experiences his house’s features being digitally erased by Google Maps. He captures this loss vividly:

“In a nutshell: / after I left it / it left me. / It no longer has a door / or window / or bedroom. / It was simply a speck / on Google Maps”

The digitally featureless home becomes poetically reimagined as an unconditional open space. The poet elevates the lost dwelling of the vast, self-defining landscape of the desert, offering a sense of refuge, freedom, and radical becoming, transforming the “lost” house into a return to an open space. This poetic strategy directly confronts the way technology diminishes the experience of dwelling. 

This digital disembodiment is repudiated in Ahmed Alali’s poem, “The Way to Our Home”:

“Google Maps lies / this is not our home / the house that my father built / its walls like cheeks that flush whenever we fall in love.”

Here, the digital map is a disavowal, unable to capture the emotional reality of home. This highlights the struggle of the millennial and previous generations to locate the authentic “home” in a hyper-modern, digitally mapped landscape.

The desert, therefore, is far more than a geographical setting; it is a philosophical condition for Arab poetics, a theoretical figure reinforcing the symbolic importance of the terrain. It represents a state of radical objectivity, a prelude of articulating the mute world.

While the desert signifies absence, it paradoxically stages the lyrical ego’s essential encounter with memory, forgetting, and loss—like the traces summoned in the pre-Islamic preludes.

In millennial Saudi poetry, the desert becomes a zone of radical difference, where poetry is pushed to its limits. The rhetoric of the desert in Arabic letters is radically different from Eurocentric views—including Deleuze, Guattari, Baudrillard, Foucault, and Derrida. While they conceive of the desert as metaphor, their readings diverge from the Arabic tradition. 

In the Arab poetic tradition, the desert functions not only as the setting for an existential becoming and a contested origin that challenges the notion of “origin” itself. The modern Arab poet is “writing” in a pre-semiotic void, constructing the desert as an ethical counterpoint.

This act of inscribing meaning into the void establishes a responsibility to the non-existent, making the desert a condition for critiquing presence and absence. The poet’s traces transform the desert’s void into a site for creation and new language that resists traditional norms.

The desert is a testing ground where the poet’s efforts may be erased or remain incomprehensible until the reader responds to the “mark” left behind. It becomes, as some ecological readings suggest, a stage where a new system of meaning becomes possible. By focusing relentlessly on the physical characteristics of the object, the poet forces language to strip itself of its associative belongings and confront the “thingness” of things. 

The algorithm teaches the poet that everything is becoming data—traceable yet fragile and erasable.

It is a kind of “counter-site” to the humanist tradition, exposing the arbitrary nature of linguistic structures. The poets’ relation to the desert is diverse, from Haidar Al Abdullah’s ironic summoning of Imru’ al-Qays, to Al-Mulla’s existentialism, to Khulaif Ghalib’s reiteration of Bedouin roots:

“I will live with the Bedouin starting today/with no household forcing me to stay/no palm tree forcing me to climb/no path bending its back beneath my feet.”

JT: You write that millennial Saudi poets have “moved away from the project of modernity,” no longer burdened by its dichotomies. What does poetry look like after modernity collapses, when even rebellion has lost its edge? 

MG: To critically read millennial Arabic poetry, a critique of beginnings is essential. The prior Arab modernity project was fraught with debates, dichotomies, and encounters with Western thought. What attachment do these millennial poets have to pre-Islamic qasida? 

Unlike modernist predecessors who sought to break with tradition, millennials are no longer bound by the imperative to conflict with the classical past. They approach tradition not as a burden but as a resource, accessed through ironic play and intertextual layering.

The poets infer a withdrawal from modernity’s grand project, allowing them to move beyond its rigid framework. Millennial poets theorize this collapse through silence and subtle renunciation of dominant rhetoric. The poetic emphasis moves away from ideological battles. 

Their poetry becomes less concerned with proving modern approaches and more focused on direct expression of contemporary attitudes and responses to a world no longer defined by the narratives of the last century—including the Arab modernity project. This withdrawal allows the poetry to be evaluated on its own aesthetic merits.

JT: Technology in this anthology feels almost mystical—from WhatsApp ghosts to Google Earth elegies. What do you think the algorithm teaches poets about mortality?

MG: Technology in this anthology is a trope the poets incorporate, allowing the foreign names—Google Maps, WhatsApp, Clubhouse, Instagram—to blend with the Arabic verse while retaining their untranslatable status as remnants of the foreign object. Some poets stage a desire to engage with these platforms, while others depict the digital age with contemplative satire or melancholic observation. This shift signals a removal from ideological skirmishes of modernity toward a quieter poetic experiment.

The algorithm’s message about mortality is a cautionary tale for human creativity and presence. The output of generative AI—a synthesis of existing data—lacks subjective experience and originality. This replacement of human creation with derivative output becomes a parable of effacement: the startling erasure of the individual.

The algorithm teaches the poet that everything is becoming data—traceable yet fragile and erasable. It maps human life as specks or scars, acting as a hyper-modern aṭlāl: a precise mirror reflecting loss. Yet this mirror is limited, marked by the algorithm’s unreliability, duplication, and digital hallucinations.

JT: In poems where Frida Kahlo, Darwish, and Clubhouse appear side by side, the global becomes strangely domestic. Is this hybridity liberation, or another kind of exile?

MG: The juxtaposition of global and Arab figures—from Darwish to Frida Kahlo—is not a simple liberation but an assembly of transcultural encounters. This hybridity reframes poetic experience as intertextual participation. It confirms displacement as a shared condition, as when Haidar Al Abdullah places the millennial alongside the Arab modernist: “We bolted with the stallion, I and Darwish.” Or when Ibrahim Al-Hosain domesticates suffering through Kahlo: “Hitch our hearts to her anguish. / Our hearts drink, we drink.”

This is a form of digital and poetic citizenship asserting artistic kinship across boundaries, even if freedom remains unstable, as suggested by Hatem Alzahrani: “to be here with us now? / or not to be?”

JT: You describe translation as a “return to home.” In your experience, does translation redeem exile, or only re-stage it in another tongue? 

Translation does not redeem exile; it transforms linguistic loss into a meaningful dwelling.

MG: Translation is a movement mediating the split between languages, engaging with exile. It cannot overcome displacement but attempts to create a passage—to carry and reassemble the text so it can reside in a new home closer to the “target” language.

Translation does not redeem exile; it transforms linguistic loss into a meaningful dwelling. Reading the Arabic alongside the English enables a mirroring between “home” and “displacement.”

JT: As a translator and theorist, how do you resist the institutional impulse to make Saudi poetry “representative”? To make it stand for something rather than simply be

MG: Contemporary Saudi poetry resists being “representative” by its radical diversity. The notion that these selected poems can represent modern poetry in Saudi Arabia is destined to fail, because the diversity of this poetry is astonishing; it’s as if the poets are writing against the idea of a single movement. The greatest challenge was assembling an overview of the 62 poems given their variety. One cannot generalize their collective relationship to poetry, language, modernity, or tradition; these poems themselves display multiplicity. 

JT: Fowziyah Abu Khalid (also featured in the book) once wrote, “I write because the wound refuses to heal.” What kind of wound, or silence, is Tracing the Ether responding to? 

MG: The wound the poets inherit is linguistic and existential. Abu Khalid, pioneer of the prose poem and influence on millennials, stages a question: Where does writing originate? 

In Desert Voices, I noted that the root of “kalimah” meaning “word,” metaphorically preserves the memory of injury. Imru’ al-Qays asserted that “the wound of the tongue is like the wound of the hand,” establishing language as a site to contemplate anguish. 

The trauma also manifests through the suffering of the city. Abu Khalid’s poem “Beirut” captures this, asking: “Do they feel the festering ulcers of sleeplessness / On your beautiful eye sockets?” Beirut becomes a ravaged landscape, echoing the refusal of wounds to close.

JT: If you could imagine a new literary genealogy—not one of fathers and sons, but of interlocutors and echoes—who would inhabit that lineage beside you? 

MG: Poetry constantly deletes and rewrites its relationship to predecessors. What we need is a deconstructive project critiquing the assumptions of genealogy, particularly the search for origins in Arab poetics. 

This approach acknowledges influence without hierarchy, viewing the past as simultaneous voices rather than sequential chains of authoritative genealogies. The focus shifts from strict lineage to recognizing an enduring conversation across time and geography, where classical and contemporary poets speak to each other. This opens a space for comparative reading across global traditions.

My Last Name Is America’s Most Wholesome Beverage

“No More Cows,” an excerpt from Mega Milk by Megan Milks

Most evenings I drank a tall glass of 2% milk while being watched by cows. Boxy Holsteins grazed on pastoral landscapes above the kitchen cabinets. On the counters beneath them, one cow leered with wooden spoons and rubber turners sprouting from her back. Another cow rested on the bread box. When twisted, her body measured time. A third stood stoic beside her, waiting for one of us to lift a square in her back, permitting speech (muhh).

The cows kept to the kitchen, witness to the sun’s daily reaches and recessions through large bay windows, witness to the rhythms of my family’s everyday life. The five of us rushing in and out, separately and together, fridge open, fridge shut, pantry open, pantry shut, the gasp of a can’s opened mouth, cat kibble barrage on plastic, click of dog nails on the vinyl, bang of the cabinet doors, toaster spring, knife scrape, cyclops eye of the television blinking alive, our small movements, tinks and clinks, sniffs and gulps, faucet on, faucet off, TV off, dishwasher staggering through its phases. The door to the garage flung open, shut, open, shut. Quiet. The cows: grinning, grazing. They chewed.

When we ate together, we’d gather around the oblong table, which would be draped in a seasonal tablecloth, plasticky, kid-proof. We seated ourselves on wooden chairs with green vinyl cushions, a few split from wear, the yellow foam peeking through. My place was opposite my brothers. Mom at my left, Dad at my right. My back to the baker’s rack, where a cat-sized cow stuffie slumped, her stare drilling into my head. On the wall beside it a wire cow hung with tiny bells dangling from her hooves and belly. She had no eyes, but her presence brooded all the same.

I faced the kitchen: the stovetop island, the sink, the cabinets, fridge, and pantry. I could see most of the cows. They could see me.

They watched as I lifted each clear glass of cold, pasteurized, homogenized, partially skimmed milk to my lips, tilting it up and in. They observed as I closed my mouth over spoonfuls of emulsified ice cream. Smooth lumps of fermented, vanilla-flavored yogurt. Wet mounds of milk-drunk Raisin Bran. Mugs of scalded hot chocolate, milk skin floating on the surface.

Occasionally, steak. Pink juices spilling past the seat of a (cheddar-topped) baked potato to flavor the (butter-logged) brussels sprouts too.

Did the cows watch in judgment as we buried their bodies in ours? Did they strain in protest within the confines of their paralysis? Perhaps they preferred this new domestication to the lives they would have lived on a farm, popping out calves and pumping out milk. Perhaps they grasped it wasn’t their milk in our mouths. Perhaps they possessed no sentience.

I was eight years old, then eleven, then thirteen, sixteen, eighteen. My own gaze trained inward and registered little outside my concerns: Write back to Kim; why do I have to do dish duty; but I need to go to the Bush concert. The cows blended into the countertops and disappeared into the wall-paper. They became part of the everything that formed our home.

Not just cows. We had dish towels and pot holders patterned with cow print. Wood art in the shape of a milk bottle. Jesus Christ on the cross, bleeding out. We ate of his body, too, at Mass every Sunday.

We lived in Chesterfield, Virginia, twenty miles south of the Philip Morris plant where our next-door neighbors worked. I associated Philip Morris with cigarettes and factories. I didn’t know that the company had just merged with Kraft and now sold a third of the nation’s cheeses.

It was the era of “Got Milk?” and “Milk. It Does a Body Good.”

It was the era of Kelis’s hit “Milkshake.” 

Did the cows watch in judgment as we buried their bodies in ours?

It was the era of osteoporosis awareness.

My brothers and I drank a lot of milk in that kitchen. We went through two gallons a week. Maybe more. From Ukrops or Food Lion or Giant, our three supermarkets. Store-brand milk with nondescript labels. No images of cows, whether cartoonish or pastoral. I didn’t think much about the origins of the milk that I was swallowing, though I had only to look around me, and there they (sort of) were.

I didn’t think much about our last name, either, except when introducing myself, except when it prompted reactions. Milks? You must be in dairy. Wink. Then I thought about it glumly. What a weird, maybe gross thing to be named after.

Milk: fluid secreted from the mammary glands. Milk: what makes mammals mammals. Though some features of Linnaeus’s classification system have been phased out, like the Homo monstrosus category, and despite evidence that animals from other kingdoms produce forms of milk—a worm-like amphibian, for instance, cockroaches, and some spiders, who might also have fur—this distinction for mammals has held on. Mammals make milk.

Milk supports the nutrition and development of mammalian young—exclusively, for variable durations of time across species. The shortest lactation period is the four days hooded seals nurse their young. The orangutan’s seven years is the longest.

Milk: the living fluid. Milk: the first vaccine. Milk grows organs and calibrates metabolism, gut health, and immunity. Milk is the medium for a feedback loop of signals between nursing parent and nursling. Milk is biodynamic. Full of protein. Hormones. Antibodies. White blood cells. Fat. Magic. Life.

A liquid with fluctuating properties, milk is thus doubly fluid. Its volume, content, and thickness change according to the rhythms of the day and the year, according to the rhythms and needs of the nursing parent and suckling child.

Milk is notable for its “capacity to be various, to be other to itself, to be always made anew.”1 London’s Milk Street was formerly known as Melecstrate, Melchstrate, Melke-strate, Melcstrate, Melkstrete, Milkstrete, and Milkstrate. The Milks family (plural) was formerly known as the Milk family (singular). The “s” got added in 1875 by an in-law, Sarah Matilda Milks née Smith, who felt “Milks” had more class than “Milk.” Now, when the “s” gets dropped on mailers, it’s as though the word is migrating back to its source.


Like the drink—I say over the phone or at the counter, in the pharmacy or at the box office, to my students on the first day. Like a glass of milk. But plural. This has always been my last name, and so I have always had a close and at times uncomfortable relationship with the substance and its associations. Like breasts and udders. Like cows—mainly Holsteins, those hefty white rectangles with black splotches and skinny legs, the most popular dairy cows of America. Like Big Dairy and its ubiquitous ad campaigns. Like the swirl of celestial bodies we know as the Milky Way, or the candy bar named after it, three textures in one, a small galaxy of flavors. Like coconut milk, almond milk, soy milk, oat, cashew, macadamia. Like my father’s side of the family and our roots in early American settler colonialism. Like the “wholesome” white American nuclear family that cow milk has come to symbolize. Like white nationalists chugging gallons of milk to troll an anti-Trump art installation: “We must secure the future of our diet and the future for milk drinking!” Like the rapid proliferation of alternative milks and non-white, non-nuclear families that threaten this white supremacist vision. Like former San Francisco city official Harvey Milk (unrelated), with whose post-Stonewall gayness I’ve developed a queer kinship. Like the two other Megan Milkses, both of whom, I’ve learned, are queer; one of whom is also gender nonconforming—she’s in Florida, a mixed martial artist and the cover model of the 2014 It’s All Butch calendar.

I’m often asked whether my family—the Milks side of it—has a history of dairy farming. The answer is not that we know of. The name’s origins are unknown and may be Slavic or German in nature. Melk: Slavic for border. Milch: German for milk. We apparently have German ancestry, but the traceable lineage starts in sixteenth-century Norfolk, England. While I can find dairy people in the Milk-Milks genealogy, any correspondence between the Milks patrilineage and dairying is weak.

The first milk comes from the breast. The first culture to milk domesticated animals was likely the Sumerians. The first cows to live in what is now the United States were shipped here in 1624, their presence contributing to the swift decline of the bison population.

The first American Milk is John Milk, son of Robert John, son of John. He arrives in 1662 to settle on Massachusett, Pawtucket, and Naumkeag territory, in the colonial town of Salem, where he is appointed town cowherd. I imagine John has had little to no experience with cows and is given this appointment because of his surname. He also works as a chimney sweep. Eventually John buys a lot near the river, builds a home, and marries a Sara Weston, one of several who lived in this region at the time. When he dies, he leaves behind Sara, two children, and a cow.

John begets John begets John. John Jr. moves to Boston and becomes a shipbuilder and neighbor to Paul Revere. John III begets a daughter, Jane, who marries a member of the Boston Tea Party. That’s all we have about Jane.

I know all this because my dad has also been working on a Milk book. His is called From England to America: A Short but Comprehensive History of One Ancestral Line of the Milk-Milks Family from the 1600s to Present Day. It updates an existing two-volume genealogy prepared by distant relatives.

My dad’s Milk-Milks book ends with him and us, his family. Though it’s hardly a complete record, we are fortunate to be able to trace our lineage as extensively as we can, when many people cannot due to histories of family separation, lost or destroyed archives, enslavement, colonialism, genocide, other violences. Our “one ancestral line” is, of course, an approximation at best, not a line but a mess of branched veins, incompletely mapped and entangled with other maps, all of which chart familial bonds by patrilineage. One joins the map through wedlock, recognized birth, state-sanctioned adoption. Whoever doesn’t neatly, officially link up gets lopped off the map.

Dad’s account of himself numbers ten pages (some filled with photographs) and includes his high school basketball rebound statistics, his many professional titles and achievements, and his current golf handicap.

My mother’s biography is made up of three sentences. I assume he gave her the opportunity to write her own, as he did for me after offering his version, which stated my name and academic degrees; that was it. I corrected some incorrect details and added my book titles (my children) and a note about my use of they/them gender pronouns. It didn’t occur to me to take up ten pages.

What a weird, maybe gross thing to be named after.

Legally, I have stayed Megan Milks since birth. Unlike my brothers, whose names I have changed in this book, I wasn’t named after anyone. And because I was assigned female at birth, I have never been expected to carry on the family name. This has been, in some sense, a freedom. Now I live at an odd, queer angle to the family, to our line. I’m there and not there, a childless, quivering bulb at the end of one small capillary, destined to shrivel up without spreading.

A status I’ve chosen. I have no impulse to procreate or parent. I don’t much care about the map or the name—so I think, so I tell myself. Yet here I am begetting this book.


It started as a question about names. I started thinking about changing my first name, then wondering about changing my last.

I changed my first name. I changed it again, changed it again, I changed it back.

I changed it.

I changed it back.

These name changes were social, not legal, and for a variety of reasons didn’t stick.

I became obsessed with names and started a column named Name Tags for a quarterly newsmagazine in Chicago. I wrote the first column, which functioned as both a call for pitches and an exploration of my own name, then edited one guest writer’s essay per issue. In that first column, I wrote:

A name marks, abbreviates, begins.

A name is a failure, always already inadequate to describe that which it purports to name.

A name is a tool for giving instruction, that is to say, for dividing being. (Socrates in Plato’s Cratylus)

We are given some names; we take others. 

What is your relationship to your name(s)?

When the publication folded, I resuscitated the column for an online website. The pitches rolled in until that publication ceased running and I let the column die.

I could write a whole book about names, I thought. My name. I could use the writing to make myself decide on a new name.

It started when, as a Halloween costume, I cut out the title from the title page of Ariana Reines’s The Cow and taped it to a dangly earring so that my face—black splotch painted over one eye and a cheek—read Megan Milks: The Cow. White T-shirt. Black jeans. My best and laziest costume.

It started when grade school classmates started calling me Megan Milks the Cow.

Or when my friends started singing “Megan Milks, Megan Milks” when they saw me in the hallways at school, as if one name couldn’t live without the other.

SOCRATES: Take courage then and admit that one name may be well given while another isn’t.

It started as a joke to myself. What if I wrote a book about. . . milk?

It started with milk. Which was among the first words that I learned. How confusing to try to understand that I was a Milks, that Dad was a Milks, that Mom had become a Milks, that there were many other Milkses, and that we may or may not have been named after this white stuff that we drank. Did families take their names from beverages?

Milks. I’m ambivalent. I dislike the sound. Voiced out loud, it’s clunky in the mouth, clotted up with too many consonants. It doesn’t lilt or sway, or declare itself with confidence. It’s inelegant, unwriterly, embarrassing. But it’s distinctive—in a mundane way. This makes it both memorable and easily spelled and pronounced.

I ask my family what they think. 

My dad: “I’m proud of the name.”

I ask him about nicknames, and he shrugs. “People said stuff in school, but I pretty much ignored them.”

Mom: “I would say it’s pretty neutral. It’s kind of a cool name, actually. It’s different. It’s short. Easy to write.” Shorter than her maiden name by three letters.

“The funny thing is, I don’t like milk,” she says. “Even when I was a child. I never liked it.”

A cousin: “It’s very unique and I like it the older I become. However, as a kid I hated it.” His nicknames: “Milksy, Milks, 1% Milk, Got Milks, [First Name] Milks a Cow. He also mentions “lots of milking or milk jokes in the sexual nature.” 

I ask my younger brother Derek—annoying nicknames? Not really. “It’s probably worse for girls.” He’s thinking about boob jokes. No one made that kind of joke to my face, though I’m not sure it would have registered if they had. I was will-fully oblivious about that whole world.

Derek brings up one of my childhood friends, whose given name was Smelley. We are agreed: At least our last name wasn’t that.

My older brother Michael doesn’t want to speak with me about it. He needs to protect the family name—from me, I guess.


It started when I saw Jordan Peele’s Get Out and found myself implicated in the milk moment. It’s that scene where the Black protagonist’s white girlfriend is sipping a large glass of thick milk while trawling a dating site for her next mark. It’s milk as a symbol of whiteness. I took in this scene with the tingling creep of self-recognition. Uh-oh, I thought. Is that me? I’m white, but not that kind of white—right? I haven’t drunk cow milk in years. Which was beside the point. Get Out effectively implicates all white people in anti-Black racism, and I, a white person named Milks, felt the implication pointedly.

I started researching, learning, researching more. My interest began to shift from names to the thing itself.

Milk: It’s everywhere, in everything. Bodies and bottles and family and history and dairy and whiteness and cows. Our mammalian kin, plus the spiders and that one lactating amphibian. Gender and hormones and climate change. Trains, refrigeration technology, plastic. I pluck off the cap and the milk spills out, flowing in all directions. Milk as soft global power. Milk as colonial force. Milk as symbol of increasingly entrenched cultural divide. I walk by a giant “Milk. It Does a Body Good” campaign featuring Olympic athletes. I watch Aubrey Plaza in a “Wood Milk” ad paid for by the Milk Processor Education Program. I watch tradwife influencers cradle mason jars of creamy raw milk. I get the news alerts: Wildfires in Texas kill more than seven thou-sand beef and dairy cattle; bird flu confirmed in cattle in two states, then several, then sixteen. I stop in the dairy aisle and survey the options: whole milk, skim milk, 1/2%, 1%, 2% in pints, quarts, gallons. Half and half. Creamer. Cream. Caffeinated. High protein. Soy.

It shows up in my reading, shimmering on the page when it does. Achilles milks the spear’s poison. Two pints become crucial evidence in the first essay of Joan Didion’s Slouching Towards Bethlehem. The moon is milky. His skin is milky. She smiles, milkily.


Since I’m writing about milk, I’m writing about my family name.

Since I’m writing about my family name, I’m writing about family.

Let me tell you about mine. I’ll start with me. I’ll take up ten pages. Maybe more.

Find me tucked into the long side of the kitchen table, which I have just set: five plates, five forks, knives, spoons, paper napkins. I’ve put out the butter, the salt and pepper, our salad dressings—Italian for everyone but Dad, who prefers ranch or sometimes the orange stuff. I’ve poured three glasses of milk. Unsweetened iced tea for our parents.

If I’m in elementary school, my long hair is pulled back by the neon pink scrunchie headband I so love. I am done with my dinner and impatient for Derek to finish his so we can move on to dessert. I need to do my math homework and practice for the spelling bee. I aim to win. At school I am called the expected things: Nerd. Brownnoser. Dorkus porkus. Megan Milks the Cow.

That one’s the stickiest. I interpret it as a comment on my fatness: Megan Milks, the Cow. The as in singular. The one and only cow (fat girl) of the third-grade classroom. Then fourth grade. Then fifth. Later, as an adult, when someone who doesn’t know me as fat or as formerly fat accurately guesses my childhood nickname, my first impulse is to assume they’re calling me fat. But the context—a small group of kind, anti-fatphobic friends—will lead me to check myself and, pulling the logic backward, wonder if my younger peers were simply verbing my last name.

But I had never milked a cow and to be called a cow, the cow, made more sense.

Green’s online Dictionary of Slang compares its entry on Cow (n.) to those of Bitch (n.) and Sow (n.). When applied to humans, these words are typically used to describe “a woman,” especially an unpleasant or unattractive one. Cow and sow, but not bitch, are used to call a woman fat.

Milk: It’s everywhere, in everything.

Cow has also been used as slang for prostitute; for “an awkward or stupid person”; for “an objectionable thing” or “horrendous situation” (as in, it’s going to be a cow of a day); and more. In the 1950s it was used in the US to describe an effeminate male homosexual. At the same time, to be cow-simple in queer parlance was to be a man attracted to women.

One can be cow-cunted or cow-faced. I don’t know which is better.

I don’t know which is worse, for women to be associated with cows or for cows to be brought into cis men’s misogyny. 

Though the word has become laden with insult and moral judgment, there’s nothing inherently negative about fatness. (Fat activists have been telling us this for decades.) Still, it’s inaccurate to describe cows in this way. A cow is a block of muscle containing a large and complex digestive system inside which grasses and feed convert to milk and meat. Cows are bulky, boxy, solid. Not fat. I guess they are heavy. Hefty. Massive. Terms also wielded as insults against people, especially women, of size.

So, then, as a child, I know to be insulted by “Megan Milks the Cow.” At the same time, my life is much bigger than my feelings around this epithet, and I enjoy it overall. I have my own rosy bedroom and a weekly allowance that I save up to buy My Little Ponies and Mariah Carey cassettes. I have a bike and friends who live in biking distance. A mom who takes me to the library every two weeks. My brothers are annoying but bearable. I can eat pretty much whatever and whenever I want. It’s a fine middle-class life in semirural central Virginia.

I spend most of it reading. On summer days I stretch out on the sunroom futon with a stack of books. Sometimes Tiger, our cat, permits me to read to him. The French doors shut the world out, though behind their glass I am lit up for anyone in the family room to see. I hide my face behind my book and pretend to be unseeable. As the sun heats up the closed room, I become aware of my body and other disappointing intrusions. I prefer to live in story.

Michael raps on the door. Dinnertime. (Tonight it was his turn to set the table.)

I sit down in my best shirt, an oversized button-down in soft silk, a gift from my favorite aunt. The back of my bra is itching where it hooks. I’m in eighth grade, my bangs swooped up and sprayed rigid. These days I am boarding the earlier bus to high school in the morning because I’m in accelerated math and my middle school has run out of curriculum. I take math and science at Michael’s school, then another bus ferries me to mine. In his school my brother does not know me, though I’m showing him up in his—our—algebra class. 

On the high school bus the first day, I sit in the only open stretch of seats, unaware—no thanks to Michael—they’ve been left empty for a reason. These seats, I soon learn, are the territory of the four Black boys who board the bus a few stops later, who own the bus because they act like they do. While the rest of the mostly white kids cram together in twos and threes, these kids each claim their own row.

“Who’s this bitch in my seat?” Moi? I turn to face my interrogator. As he slides in next to me, I hug the window, unsure whether I’m expected to respond. “Yo, what is your name, bitch?” I don’t remember if he asks for my last name, too, or if I just introduce myself in full like a dork. He—and I forget his name now, though he shared it, while shaking my hand—starts calling me Cereal Baby and greets me as such every morning. Though I would not say we are friends, at one point he informs me I look like a Christmas tree. Holiday sweatshirts and light bulb earrings are socially acceptable, even approved of, in middle school. But not in high school. I retire my holiday flair. He is a friend to let me know.

By dinner I’m wiped and I still have to practice my oboe. 

Or I’m sweaty and dusty from softball, settling down with microwaved leftovers, back late after a game. I’ve freed my ponytail to cover my ironed-on “nickname” with my hair. I’m not sure why my dad signed me up for this team, but I’m playing with girls I don’t know who all know each other. They have tried to include me but I’m shy, aloof, and also gay, obliviously; they’ve stopped trying. When the coach says we can put our nicknames on our jerseys instead of our last names, my teammates cheer and I panic. Everyone has a good nickname but me. I want to fit in, so on the shirt sheet I write Milkyway, which is clever, I hope. It will give the impression that I can hit the ball to a galaxy far, far away, that I am a real slugger.

When I show up thus named, my teammates are perplexed. “Do people call you that?” the pitcher (“Mandy-pants”) asks. I shrug, tongue-tied and embarrassed. When I go up to bat, no one knows how to rally for this unknown, suspect person. My dad’s voice rings out clear and strong and humiliating: “Go Milky! Hustle, Milky!” He doesn’t know how to cheer for me either.

I sit down at the kitchen table. I take a sip of milk.

Now I’m in high school and blurrier by the day. Receded, subdued, over it, get me out. If I’m seventeen, I’ve replaced milk with water for weight-loss purposes. I will eat little, return to my room, flip the cassette to record the second side of a Tori Amos bootleg while finishing my AP Calc homework, then creep down to the garage for my cardio time, during which I blast pop music and fling myself around in a loose approximation of aerobics. It is the highlight of my day. If anyone opens the door and intrudes on this party, I freeze in place and wait for them to leave.

For now I’m sixteen. I’m drinking my milk. I’m telling you about my family. Mom is on my left, setting down lasagna on a trivet in the center of the table. No, not lasagna, something simpler because she’s in college now. She didn’t finish her BA the first time around; she got her MRS degree instead (she jokes). She met my dad at a frat party at Virginia Tech, the story goes. My mom, drunk—it was her birthday—pointed to a tall stranger across the room and declared she would marry that man. They’ve been together ever since. After his junior year, they married and lived in a trailer until he graduated. She (a school year behind) chose not to reenroll, taking a job at the college instead.

She has been mostly happy to be a stay-at-home mom, but now that we’re older she’s completing her degree. The change has been good for her. She is reminded of how smart she is, a quick learner and likable: Her younger classmates all want her in their project groups. She’s studying information systems at VCU. I like this new version of Mom, but I’m too self-obsessed and perpetually irritated to tell her.

I’m also big on academic achievement, so this would be the first detail I share. My mother has always been smart, likable, and good at what she does. She runs the house and manages our lives and gets us where we need to be: in my case, to the library, to jazz and tap classes, to short-lived riding lessons when they replace dance, to Girl Scouts until I quit, to symphonic band until I can drive. Mom is fun, silly, a talker with an easy sense of humor, often the good-natured butt of our jokes. After meeting her on parents’ night, my fifth-grade teacher tells me I have a great mom. I’m miffed to hear her mom-ness so casually appraised, but it’s true. Mom is great.

I don’t know which is worse, for women to be associated with cows or for cows to be brought into cis men’s misogyny. 

Dinner is pork chops and canned green beans with mushrooms. She scoops some beans onto her plate and passes the dish to Derek. He sets it down. He’s not ready yet for the beans.

My younger brother by five years is painfully shy and slow to speak, to put on his shoes, to tie them. Slow to eat. Finicky. For years he asserted a rejection of pizza until the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles made him rethink. Right now he is fixated on removing the fat and gristle from his chops, so he is holding up the beans. He chews slowly. Swallows slowly. Has to be goaded into finishing. We are always waiting on Derek. But his language is rhythm: On his drum set he’s fast, nimble, a force. He’s taken over the sunroom with it. Which is fine. These days I read in my room.

“Derek,” Mom chides. He sets down his fork and knife reluctantly and dumps some beans next to the meat on his plate. Passes them to Michael.

Michael has a hat on, camo print. Mom made him take it off, then relented after beholding the greasy gloss of his hair. He’s fifteen months my elder. We were once close, but our lives have been going so differently. I’m flourishing in a magnet program twenty-five miles away; he’s at the less-resourced local school and struggling. Now that he can drive, he is drinking and driving. Skipping school. Our parents have made him take up a sport to keep out of trouble. He chose wrestling, which has required him to exert control over his diet and body, and he has risen to this challenge in ways I could not have predicted, diminishing himself in a matter of months from ruddy and robust to svelte, cut. He’s got a girl-friend now, too, and a hunting gun, a chewing tobacco habit, and new Confederate signage. Not long ago he dropped a weight on his face, an accident that left his front teeth dead and brown. He’s stopped smiling. Occasionally he’ll bring home a deer carcass and hang it from the hind legs by a hook in the garage to bleed out. Then I can’t use the space for my cardio routine, and I’m mad but keep my feelings to myself. We all keep our feelings to ourselves.

Dad goes for a second chop. He’s changed out of work clothes into a Hokies shirt and has one eye on the TV behind my head. We’re watching the football game or the basket-ball game or the six o’clock news. The stories of our time are Rodney King, the Gulf War, the Bosnian War, Clin-ton’s impeachment, Matthew Shepard, Columbine. Lorena Bobbitt: a Virginia story. Dad cheers for his team. Mom tsks her reactions to tragedy and war. Dad travels frequently for his job in the Defense Department and brings home free swag: seasonal candy, duffel bags with company logos (Keebler, Hershey’s). When he’s home, he goes to bed at 9 p.m. and we turn the TV down. Except on Fridays when he stays up for The X-Files, which is our thing (me and Dad’s). On weekends he mows the lawn and weeds the flower beds, checks on the vegetable garden in the backyard. He is quietly pleased when I ask him to take me to the park to practice basketball. He drives us to church every Sunday, and to Northern Virginia to see family on holidays, and if we’re not in the van at the designated time, he will pretend to be leaving us. It’s usually Mom who’s late, still in the bathroom. Or Derek, putting on his shoes. The license plate reads 5 MILKS.

Back to me. The pork is dry and I force it down with a gulp of milk.

No more pork. I’m vegetarian.

No more milk. Water. I’m seventeen and I don’t want to be here anymore. I’ve eaten in this kitchen, lived in this house, for nine years, the longest I’ve lived anywhere. Soon I will leave, and my family will move, but I return in my mind all the time.

It’s the last time we all share a home. Soon Michael will enlist in the army and leave for basic training. Soon I’ll leave for my parents’ college pick, their alma mater, where I’ll spend two unhappy semesters keeping empty days full with crew practice, an impossibly heavy course load, and binge eating; soon I’ll have totaled two (used) cars. Soon Derek will go silent when our parents tell him they are moving to California. Soon the house will be packed up, the kitchen dismantled. Soon we’ll all be elsewhere.


I didn’t milk any cows growing up, but they gathered in that kitchen.

Their origin story is simple enough. My mom saw a cow item while shopping one day, a decorative dish. She thought it would be funny to display in the Milks kitchen, and it fit the kitchen’s country-style aesthetic, the buttery cabinets, the bay windows with ruffled bangs. She bought it. The first cow.

The first cow was installed on the wall above one of the cabinets, where she stared down at us, a soothing solidity in the most chaotic room in the house. Her shining eyes beseeched us: More cows, please, she needed company. My mom asked family and friends to keep a lookout for cow décor, initiating years of such gifts. In no time, we had amassed a whole herd.

After a few years of these cow gifts, my mother started to weary of the theme, or so I thought. Unwrapping a stuffed cow from Harrods, a gift from my aunt, I read her enthusiasm as feigned, her laughter forced. “Another cow?!”

I remember her expressing relief at leaving behind the country aesthetic when my family packed to move for California in my college years. “No more cows,” she declared, dropping a stuffie into a giveaway box, its tiny bell dinging dully.

Upon examination, this memory collapses. I couldn’t have witnessed this scene; I was in Charlottesville, not present when she packed for this move.

Maybe I’m remembering my first visit to their new home in Rocklin? I can see her now, introducing me to that Spanish-style kitchen, where country aesthetics wouldn’t jive. “See?” she says with a triumphant flourish of the hand. “No more cows.”

I sit down with my mom now and ask her about it. Did she resent the endless supply of cows that people kept giving her? No, she says. She started it. She invited it. It was a big country kitchen, and she thought cow and milk items worked well. In the new house in California, dairy kitsch didn’t fit.

Derek, passing by, chimes in. “You got sick of them,” he says.

Maybe, she allows. But she saved them all.

We’re at the high square table in their kitchen in Chester, where they live now, not far from where I grew up. Their current home is less milked out. My mom says she gave most of the cow décor to Michael when he and his wife bought a home, and she put the rest in storage. No more cows.

As we’re talking, I spot a ceramic Holstein above the kitchen cabinets, in profile, more rustic. My mother laughs. The cookie jar. She forgot about it. “The battery is dead, but it used to go moo. Oh! There’s another thing.” She disappears into the dining room, still talking, to retrieve a cow reindeer Christmas decoration: that is, a cow with an udder and reindeer horns, leading a sleigh. “Oh!” She heads to the family room to grab a cow stuffie from the mantle. She holds it out, happy to help. “Want to take a picture?” I do.


Excerpted from Mega Milk: Essays on Family, Fluidity, Whiteness, and Cows. Copyright © 2026 by Megan Milks. Used with permission of the publisher, The Feminist Press.

  1. Melanie Jackson and Esther Leslie, Deeper in the Pyramid (Banner Repeater, 2018). 4. ↩︎

Exclusive Cover Reveal of “The Emilys” by Heather Abel

Electric Literature is pleased to reveal the cover of The Emilys by Heather Abel, which will be published on June 16th, 2026 by Penguin Random House. You can pre-order your copy here!

Eve is at a breaking point. Alone with her two children in Massachusetts while her husband pursues his music career in New York City, she’s frustrated, bored, and above all, lonely when she runs into Demeter, a childhood friend with whom she shared one transformative summer. Demeter is as beautiful and charismatic as Eve remembers, but she’s also distraught. Demeter’s daughter, like a growing number of others, young and old, cannot go outside during the day. No one knows why, and doctors are skeptical that these people—soon dubbed Emilys, after a famously reclusive local poet—are telling the truth. But Eve believes her friend, whose company revives her and gives her purpose. She will help Demeter—if she can just figure out how.

Eve’s search for answers brings her into the fold of an unlikely band of detectives—the local librarian and the town’s most prolific writer of letters to the editor, who both loved the same woman and now hate each other; an actor hoping to make amends for past mistakes; a hermit botanist whose seed collection might hold a clue if she’d only open her door. They meet in playdates and potlucks, the Elks Lodge and the food co-op, the botanical garden and the riverbank, venturing deep into the town’s past and finding their way towards a future wilder and more wondrous than they had ever expected. But for Eve, this future will require a price: She is keeping secrets from her husband, fighting with Demeter, distracted from her children. What is she willing to risk to find a cure?

The Emilys is a capacious, profound book about how love of all kinds—love between friends, between mothers and kids, between strangers and neighbors, love for the earth—opens up new possibilities. It asks: How will we learn to live in an altered world? How will we keep each other safe? And when the darkness comes, how will we find joy?


Here is the cover, designed by Elena Giavaldi:

Heather Abel: The first time my daughter rolled down a hill was in the tall grass behind a farmer’s market. She was nervous, so I laid down and showed her how, which she found hilarious. She reached the bottom exhilarated, grass clinging to her red curls. I watched her tiny legs trudge back up the hill—it seemed like a mountain—and as she rolled again, my joy leaped up to match hers. It had been a long day. All those days were long. But I suddenly felt so beautifully alive, part of the green grass, the autumn sky, her laughter. Just then, another mother walked up to me, shaking her head. “Careful,” she warned, motioning toward my girl. “Ticks. People are getting sick.”

This is it, I thought: Motherhood. The triumphant joy, the inescapable danger.

I started writing The Emilys with that moment in mind. In my novel, a mysterious illness unsettles a small New England town. It sounds scary, but it’s not dystopian. The book follows the people in the town—especially two moms—as they come together to figure out what’s happening. What interests me about our treacherous world is how we carry each other to safety. How we laugh ourselves through trouble. Because it’s not enough to warn each other, we have to join each other.

Contradiction became the pulse of the novel. How to love the natural world, even as we humans have changed nature in really terrifying ways? Where do you find happiness if you’re unable to go into the sunshine? I leaned on these lines from Rilke: “Let this darkness be a bell tower and you the bell. As you ring, what batters you becomes your strength.”

I wanted a cover that showed nature as a place of real solace, and also of potential danger. When I saw Elena’s cover, I gasped. It’s the cover of my dreams. I love the little girl hidden by the mysterious pink dot. Here childhood seems both innocent and imperiled. The girl’s white dress reminds me of Emily Dickinson’s, the poet who floats in the background of The Emilys. And I love all the green, the tangled grass, the low leaves. Sure, it makes me nervous. But I also just want to dive into that green and see what I find there.

Elena Giavaldi: For this cover, I knew from the very beginning that the main color had to be green. It’s a color that shows up constantly in the book, and nature is such an important element throughout the story. Even though the novel touches on intense themes, there’s still an underlying sense of optimism, and the cover needed to reflect both. The design had to feel lush, green, and inviting, but also a bit off—slightly eerie, with an edgy quality. The artwork aims to capture that balance, while the pink elements lift the mood and make you wonder what they are and why they’re there. The title is so strong that I felt it needed a bold typeface to really make it stand out. It’s been a pleasure diving into this novel and finding the right cover direction!

He’d Rather Fight a Dragon Than His Wife

Tom vs. Dragon

Every sunset Tom hunts the dragon in his backyard. On an unknown day in the recent past, the dragon climbed from the canal on the eastern perimeter of Tom’s property and made a home in his lake, where it eats the koi fish Tom and his wife Jeanette purchase from the pet store. With the credit card swipe comes a vow to give the koi a good life. But inevitably, they are to be eaten by a dragon. It isn’t fair. 

Tom’s means of hunting involves a revolver and a golf cart. The golf cart, he’s driven often. He and Jeanette rode it to and from the bars along the Intracoastal before they moved to this ranch house with a backyard lake. The move was necessary. Jeanette enjoyed the bars too much. 

The gun is a gift from a neighbor. He lives in a state like that. For all his fifty-five years, Tom has been staunchly opposed to guns and – with the exception of a singular weekend trip in the nineties to impress the brothers of his first wife – hunting. The revolver is not loaded. He hopes the dragon implicitly understands the threat of a gun.

Tom cannot patrol the lake all day, what with his job and his wife and the demands of his wife’s condition. One afternoon, he installs a trap. The trap is a box built of steel fencing, and beneath it Tom buries raw meat to attract the dragon. The idea is that, when the dragon enters, the contraption will snap closed and the dragon will be humanely disposed of in the Everglades. 

Jeanette doesn’t give a shit about the trap. He drives them in the golf cart to show her what he’s made, but she’s distracted. Wine sloshes from her glass onto her foot as they tread the uneven terrain of their yard. Her Santa Margherita is precious to her, she explains, and doesn’t he know the price has gone up? 

Maybe that’s your sign, he suggests. 

She asks to be taken home before seeing the trap. The dragon circles beneath the lake’s surface. The water drags. 


Tom hasn’t slept through the night in months. Now, he leaves bed before sunrise to discover the trap has shut. Inside: no dragon. Only a scowling racoon, angry about his predicament. Tom frees the racoon and sits on the golf cart to take in the day. Cicadas buzz. It’s a cotton candy sunrise. At the beginning of their relationship, after nights spent talking until daybreak, one freewheeling conversation toppling into another, a giddy-giggly-headfirst romance known best by people who don’t know better, Tom and Jeanette would take the Zodiac out on the Intracoastal and idle there to name the shapes in the sky. Tom couldn’t believe his luck. His first marriage died emotionally two decades before it died legally. The kids and all. There was so much loneliness there. Jeanette was a deep breath after being underwater. This morning, one cloud looks like a duck. Another, a tornado. 


Later, after his nightly patrol, Tom senses it before he hears it. Then, he hears it. Jeanette stands in the kitchen, tumbler in hand, yelling into her phone. An empty bottle of Pinot Grigio sits on the counter behind her. She’s moved onto vodka. Usually he hopes that seeing him will help her come to and remember. But alcohol makes her mean, and alcohol decays her memory, and Tom left his optimism somewhere in the buried meat of the dragon trap. She hangs up the phone. 

Can you believe it! Olivia won’t come to her own mother’s birthday unless I promise not to drink. 

Tom knows this already; he had arranged the ultimatum. Jeanette knows this, too, but has forgotten since he told her that morning, when she was still sober and agreeable, after he finished naming the clouds. 

He crosses the living room into the kitchen and drains the bottle of vodka into the sink. It gurgles as it goes. She swats at his back and kicks at his calves. 

Jeanette, I noticed the alcohol I got rid of is back. 

Am I a child? Because you treat me like a child.

OK, he agrees. He disposes the empty bottle in the trash, then moves to the refrigerator to see what else she bought. 

You’re an asshole. You know that?

Why don’t we watch the sunset? It’s still going. 

She mimics him, echoing his words petulantly. I’m done with this! I’m done! 

She marches out the back door and slams it so it shakes. Tom follows Jeanette outside and watches as she descends the patio stairs toward the lake. I’m done, she yells into the air and tugs the wedding band off of her finger. She flings it into the water, indifferent as skipping stones. Her necklace goes next. These items are in good company with her other jewelry, Tom’s wedding band, her last two cell phones. Then go her shoes, which Tom finds funny, thinking of the mud and how quickly she’ll regret the move. He remembers the music festival, when the rain came down suddenly in sheets, and they both laughed as he carried her through the crowds and dirt to the car. Neither of them cared about umbrellas or ruined hair or money lost to a rain-or-shine policy. He remembers feeling like two teenagers. Not even a year has passed since then. Now, Jeanette stomps toward the golf cart parked next to the lake. She takes the revolver and chucks it, then sits in the driver’s seat and fumbles through the cup holders for the keys. 

Where are the keys, she yells. The fucking keys, Tom! He expects to find the keys when he pats his pocket. He doesn’t. And then: the quiet roar of a golf cart engine and a drunk woman’s woo! Tom looks up to witness the slow-motion lurch of Jeanette crashing into the lake. Across the yard, the dragon climbs out from the water and stares in their direction. Tom swears he can see the white feathered tail of a fish dripping from its mouth.

The Accidental, Unconscious Short Story

I met David Ryan in his faculty office at Sarah Lawrence College, about an hour before he was to give a reading from his new short story collection, Alligator, published by a recently-founded small press, Cash 4 Gold Books (the creation of Harris Lahti, Jon Lindsey, and Nathan Dragon). After I finished checking out the pile of free books outside David’s office, stashing two collections of Cynthia Ozick essays in my bag, we sat down to talk about Alligator, the contents of which I had read, mostly, as they were published in various magazines over the preceding decade.

David is hard to keep up with—his stories appear at a regular clip in outlets, like Fence and Conjunctions, that appreciate his far-reaching formal experimentation—but the new collection stands as a cohesive sequence of stories to be read together. Floating fluidly between states of consciousness—waking experience, dreams (including those of animals), visions from the precipice of death—these 21 stories, few of them over 10 pages long, constitute a morbid investigation into the darkest mysteries of everyday existence.

Characters often appear in moments of stasis—staring at the conveyer belt of a grocery store’s checkout, sitting in a darkened movie theatre during a Robert Bresson retrospective, lying half-conscious on the floor after a fall down the stairs—while, in their minds, memories blur together with the present moment, surrealistic visions of animals and cosmic phenomena appear before their eyes. And then at the end, sometimes, it all recedes into a dream inside of a remembered dream.

What I wanted to learn from David, above all, was how he navigates the construction of his stories, which proceed under the logic of the unconscious, yet are as perfectly and precisely fashioned as an airplane. Their constituent parts fit together just right—not always in a way that’s rationally explicable, but never random, arbitrary, or out of place.


Seth Katz: Did the guys at Cash 4 Gold come to you with the idea of doing another story collection?

David Ryan: No, they were looking at a bunch of different things, and a story collection just made sense because I had so many. They’re pretty wildly open to whatever, which is something that I like about them—they’re not tied into any one thing. They weren’t interested in a thematic collection or anything like that. They just wanted the good stories that seemed to have something tonally that registered with them. Which let me get rid of some of my weirdest stuff.

SK: And it did turn out to be a thematic collection, in a subtle way.

DR: Everything has gotten so taxonomical. But the truth is, a collection of stories by Salinger is thematically tied, whether you want to believe it or not. It’s just nuanced in that way, it’s not hammering people over the head with it.

SK: One thing that interested me about the story “Pickpocket” is that, even though at first Bresson’s film (of the same name) doesn’t seem to have anything to do with the internal state of this character, sitting in the dark thinking about her lousy father, by the end they seem inextricably woven together. I’m wondering how consciously you construct your stories, and how much of the process is intuitive.

DR: That’s the fun of it. As you know, I’m a big fan of Bresson, and Pickpocket is such a strange movie about alienation. Actually, tonight I’m gonna read “Warp and Weft,” which “Pickpocket” came from—

SK: —the woman in “Pickpocket” hears the sound of the crane that crashes down in “Warp and Weft.” It feels like a deleted scene from the story.

Sometimes the best thing you can do when you’re writing is let something happen that feels spontaneous in the way reality is spontaneous.

DR: So, here’s the story about that. I was doing a lot of readings, and they give you certain time frames—five minutes, ten, twenty. And I thought it would be an interesting exercise to come up with a single story in vignettes, sort of rhizomatic maybe, that are each written to be self-contained, but also feed into each other.

So I free-wrote an opening and it was about a construction worker falling from a high-rise and seeing his wife and son in the windows as he passes. Then I used that as a model for a bunch of free-writes each subsequent day for a week, with the rule that each vignette that followed had to have something falling and something rising, and it had to deal with parenting in some way. And each one had to be punctuated with a sound that had happened in the opening vignette, like a simultaneity all across the city. It was inspired by 14 Stories by Stephen Dixon, about a gun going off in an apartment complex.

“Pickpocket” was just one of those. It was a spontaneous thing, another morning at 5 a.m. where I got up and was like: “Type!” Maybe I had been thinking about Pickpocket. And maybe I had my mom on my mind—she was born in Brazil, and her dad was a missionary, but I changed it to Nicaragua, and Nicaragua necessarily brings in other details from other things I know about.

I find that if you have a throughline of some basic idea, or if you let yourself daydream your way through it, the elements will come together, the subconscious will take care of it. Like at the end of “Pickpocket,” where the credits are described rolling up the screen with the black background as if descending—that was spontaneous. That was my unconscious, part of the free-write.

SK: How was it that “Pickpocket” came to be a separate story, then, from “Warp and Weft”?

DR: I sent the whole thing out to The Harvard Review, and they asked if I could think of something to cut because it was too long. So, I took the “Pickpocket” section and sent it to Threepenny Review—who I knew would reject it in a day or two—and then wrote back to Harvard and sent them the excised draft, which they took. Then, much to my surprise, Threepenny took “Pickpocket.”

SK: And even though “Pickpocket” is now a separate story, you decided to leave in the moment where the woman in the theatre hears the sound, the boom. Reading it in your book, I made the connection immediately because it comes a few stories after “Warp and Weft,” but otherwise that moment would be even more mysterious.

DR: This is a great trick that I’ve found. Sometimes the best thing you can do when you’re writing is just let something happen that has no bearing on the story necessarily, but feels spontaneous in the way that reality is spontaneous. It’s a little dose of realism. And the noise triggers a response in her mind. If it were just a sound, it might easily be excisable. But it also was reflective of her mindset in this movie theater and what she’s thinking about, which I think were probably my own thoughts at the time. That theater was the Waverly, by the way.

SK: Which is now the IFC Center. I recognized it because you mention Sixth Avenue in the story. Definitely a theatre where you might hear street noise.

DR: That was two addresses down from my old apartment, which is also the apartment in “Warp and Weft” where the couple has hooked up. I’m describing my bedroom, basically. It’s all in that little locale.

SK: There are these little details from your life littered throughout the book. Are there any stories that are more directly autobiographical?

DR: “The Shirt” is an entirely true story, in that someone lent me a shirt, and then I left town and lost the shirt. Years passed, decades, and we were still connected through some mutual friends on Facebook, but I had lost contact with that particular guy. I always felt like a jerk for losing his shirt and never owning up to it. Of course, you change the story to make it dramatically interesting, so there are elements that are confabulated. But the way the story ends is pretty accurate. When I found out he died, what was killing me was that I had never resolved this situation with the shirt, which felt really big to me. It was representative of something larger.

SK: And then, of course, in “Alligator,” you have your wife’s name, Susan. The end of that story feels like you pulling back the fictional curtain to reveal yourself, the author, in the process of working through a specific, overwhelming feeling of dread, a fear of loss.

If it flows naturally, you allow an unexpected genius to rise up.

DR: “Alligator” is the truest thing I’ve ever written. That was originally going to appear in a series that I’m working on called The Book of Lasts—I’m writing a bunch of lyric essays that play with the idea of a terminal moment. But then I did a reading of that story, and this incredibly bright student in the audience—when I explained that I’m working on this thing, The Book of Lasts—he raised his hand and he hit on something that I hadn’t admitted: “The thing about ‘last’ is it’s a verb, too.” It’s a duration. And so ironically, you have this idea of a terminal point, the last moment, but you also have its lasting. It just opened up a lot of possibilities for how to write a collection of these things. Now, “Alligator” ended up in a short story collection so I’ll have to write other things to take its place.

SK: Was writing that story as intuitive a process as the writing of “Pickpocket”?

DR: I had this image of an alligator stuck in my head and I couldn’t figure out what it was. And so you’ll hear me thinking out loud in parts of it where I’ll go, “No, that’s not it.”

SK: Right, it keeps negating itself. Actually, this is the story of the alligator.

DR: That’s literally me, as I’m writing it, talking to the text. Starting off, I wanted to get at this anxiety I was having, waking up in the middle of the night and imagining a day when I was alone, or my wife was alone. It’s a terrible thing to wake up thinking. I wasn’t trying to torture myself, it just seemed to be happening more and more. And so I picked a scenario that wasn’t at all true and just stepped into it like a daydream and started typing it. Which then started increasingly leading to associative things that were getting closer and closer to the truth until it was just the truth. I was really excited about that as a process, so that’s probably going to be more of what I do from now on.

I might plan out metaphors if it’s an ambitious idea and I want to figure out what the incision point is, but for the most part I try to rely on spontaneity because I don’t feel like I’m very smart when I’m thinking consciously. I’m constricting possibilities, and I feel like—maybe this is a product of teaching, where I can see from someone’s story when they’re thinking it out, muscling their way through something—if it flows naturally, you allow an unexpected genius to rise up that I don’t have when I’m trying to think.

SK: There are a lot of animals prominently featured in your stories. It’s possible that one of the most sympathetic characters in this whole book is the owl in “Reliquary.” Why are animals so central in your writing?

DR: I think animals are my access point for things that I don’t have the words for, and yet they represent things that are very human. They represent vulnerability, for instance. You can get at vulnerability by using a dog in a way you cannot with a human being. It just has a magical property. You’re taking a trait that one associates with a creature, and you’re allowing it to exist on its own separate terms from humanity, and yet it’s invariably going to tie into that humanity.

In “Reliquary,” the owl is the star, for me at least. At the time I was reading—and probably drawing a little too much from—Rodrigo Rey Rosa and his novella The African Shore. That owl represents something that I don’t know how to write. And the idea of the dog having a dream, then the owl stepping into the dream because they’re lying next to each other in a darkened barn—it creates a feeling of empathy between creatures that are stuck in the same situation. Animals represent something that is, of course, wordless, and yet has all of the emotional freight that we carry.

SK: Your first collection, Animals in Motion, came out just over a decade ago. What’s changed for you between then and now?

DR: I was teaching at Sarah Lawrence and I had never had a book published. I was sort of there accidentally, I think because I was an editor and I had been publishing a lot of stories. That gave me something. But it was kind of a miracle that I got this job. It was through Nelly Reifler, who wonderfully recommended me when she knew that she was gonna need to take a couple of sessions off.

Animals are my access point for things that I don’t have the words for.

The book deal was with Roundabout, this small press, but I remember thinking that at least this will give me a book so I’m not this weird outlier as somebody who’s teaching and who’s never actually published a book. And then a lot of stuff happened from that that I couldn’t have predicted. I try to emphasize to students that it’s not like you’re going to just get a book deal and then ABCD follows, right? The stuff that happens is sometimes better than your anticipated ABCD, but it falls from the sky.

SK: Such as?

DR: For instance, Rick Moody and I did a thing for the book at the Center for Fiction. A year later, someone from Colgate called and asked if I’d be interested in coming and doing a summer workshop. And it happened that somebody had been upstairs at the Center for Fiction, using one of the writer studios, and had come down and stopped because she could hear these voices, and she watched. And from that, a year later, when they asked her, “Can you think of anyone we can get,” she remembered me. How would you ever know that that was going to happen?

SK: Are there specific things that you find your students can do really well that you can’t do, or wish you could do?

DR: Almost everything. I have to remind myself sometimes that everyone’s starting from a certain spot. It may have been that they kept a diary from when they were five years old, and they just practiced this idea of accessing memory and things. Every once in a while there’ll be a student who just seems to have access to something that’s naturally beyond just being a good writer, and I think that’s usually of a piece with how loosely they play with consciousness. Sometimes it’s a troubled person who’s dealing with that and able to really write well. Sometimes the ability to control it is not so easy. I have a great class right now. There’s just a lot of life, a lot of energy and interest. It’s good.

12 Must-Read Feminist Books by Icelandic Women Writers

In 1975, 90 percent of Icelandic women went on strike, though they did not call it that. They called it Kvennafrídagurinn, or Women’s Day Off. A day off from factory work, from housework, from care work, from all kinds of vital work that often goes unacknowledged and unpaid to this day. In the fifty years since then, Iceland has become the global leader in gender equity and the first country in the world to elect a female president. Its government is currently led by women, who serve as prime minister, president, a majority of the cabinet leaders, and nearly half of the members of Althing, the world’s oldest operating parliament, continually running since 930 C.E.

Much work remains to be done. In the fiction and poetry collected below, Icelandic women writers invoke the incongruence of living in a country with gender balanced policies alongside high rates of domestic violence, persistent pay disparities, and other forms of misogynistic disregard.

Literature can catalyze change. Stories embolden readers to plumb the tectonic plates of interior lives and social forces. What paradigm shifts are made possible by friction and fissures? To what extent can the Icelandic love for literature be credited with making their country more welcoming to women? 

Below you will find twelve books which form a very contemporary canon of feminist Icelandic literature translated into English. Written by women who will continue to publish for decades to come, this list is by no means complete. As celebrated poet, novelist and playwright Kristín Ómarsdóttir told me, “The story of literature is long. It did not begin ten years ago.” Takk fyrir.

Miss Iceland by Auður Ava Ólafsdóttir, translated by Brian FitzGibbon

Ask any Icelandic writer to recommend a feminist novel, and Miss Iceland appears on their lips first. There’s a good reason for that. In this spare, affecting novel set in 1960s Reykjavík, Auður Ava Ólafsdóttir creates characters of sympathy, verve, and steely self-determination. Hekla moves to the capital to build a literary life, only to find herself trapped between the patriarchal prospect of two fates: to endure misogyny as a waitress or as a married mother. Taking refuge in her writing and the friendship of her roommate Jon, a queer theater aficionado forced by circumstance to work on fishing trawlers, Hekla pursues her chosen destiny against the odds and despite daily harassment by men who confuse her beauty for availability. Will she be allowed, let alone encouraged, to flourish? Winner of the Icelandic Bookseller’s Prize and the Prix Médicis Étranger, Miss Iceland delivers unabashed insights into the costs of freedom for women. 

Land of Love and Ruins by Oddný Eir, translated by Philip Roughton

Called “the writer I feel can best express the female psyche of now” by Björk, Oddný Eir uses postmodern fragmentation to portray her narrator’s restless search for steadfast care. Land of Love and Ruins finds an author roaming the countryside of Iceland and streets of Paris, Strasbourg, and Basel, seeking to live in greater connection to the land and her own mind. In this diaristic collage, Eir crafts an intimate conversation with the reader through lyric passages that range from romantic yearning to ecological passion and socioeconomic ire. Anchored by an ancestral commitment to nature, she grieves the capitalist paradigms which gave rise to the 2008 financial crisis that collapsed Icelandic banks and identities. Yet as an artist and political philosopher, she plumbs her own erotic and intellectual energy to sight a liberatory horizon. Winner of the European Union Prize for Literature and the Icelandic Women’s Literature Prize, Land of Love and Ruins is the culmination of an autofiction trilogy whose first two books have yet to be translated into English. 

Quake by Auður Jónsdóttir, translated by Meg Matich

Quake begins in crisis. On a sidewalk, a woman named Saga opens her bloodied eyes to learn her three-year-old son is missing. Where did Ívar go? And what happened? In the urgent, meditative novel that follows, Saga pieces her life back together as she spools through the memories which led to her latest epileptic seizure. Fragmented and fatigued, she struggles to reestablish her claim on motherhood while figuring out how to relate to her family of origin. With Quake, now also a film, the acclaimed novelist and journalist Auður Jónsdóttir examines how human memory shapes our behavior even when we seek to deny our own pasts. She asks, “Is there a way to escape inevitability? To be other than what we are?” Winner of the Icelandic Literary Prize for The People in the Basement and the Icelandic Women’s Literature Prize for Secretaries to the Spirits, Jónsdóttir brings tender pathos to understanding why we try to protect ourselves from what we already know.

Magma by Thóra Hjörleifsdóttir, translated by Meg Matich

In her debut novel, accomplished poet Thóra Hjörleifsdóttir channels the youthful impulse toward love that drives her 20-year-old protagonist Lilja into despair during an increasingly abject relationship with a brutal, boyish vegetarian. Yes, you read that right. Abstaining from eating meat does not a good man make. Wielding his lengthy education while withholding real affection, this nameless boyfriend manipulates and undermines Lilja into isolation and sexual exploitation with cruel comments. Like the psychological abuse it so deftly depicts, Magma is iterative and episodic. Hjörleifsdóttir makes excellent use of compression, that most vital source of literary tension, to relate how Lilja breaks down under the pressure of partnering with a man who weaponizes her longing into self-loathing. Inspired by the collective outpouring of grief on comment boards during the #MeToo movement, Magma is a stunning indictment of systemic failures—whether social, psychiatric, or carceral—to recognize the profound violence of interpersonal cruelty.

A Fist or a Heart by Kristín Eiríksdóttir, translated by Larissa Kyzer

There is no escaping the past, only the deferral of its reckonings. In her first novel to be translated into English, award-winning novelist, poet, and playwright Kristín Eiríksdóttir presents an obstinate elderly woman, Elín Jónsdóttir, whose craft—making film and theater props—stops acting as a stave against the memories she has long elided. An outcast by design, Elín had always managed on her own. Long live unruly women. That is, until she attempts to befriend a young playwright with an ill mother, an absent and famous father, and an undisclosed shared history. Grappling with the ravages of age and her tenuous grasp on reality, Elín lures readers into a haunted journey through the veiled traumas which shaped her tenacity. Winner of the Icelandic Literary Prize and Women’s Literature Prize, A Fist or a Heart depicts the stubborn intellect and creative determination of women, reminding us of what we might yet make once we get free.

The Mark by Fríða Ísberg, translated by Larissa Kyzer

It is a rare novel that can successfully pair nuanced character development with a big plot and expert pacing, but Fríða Ísberg pulls it off in The Mark. In near future Reykjavík, Iceland is on the cusp of a major vote: whether to require that its citizens take a psychological test to determine if they have enough empathy to be accepted into society. Already used to winnow out potential sociopaths from political, corporate, academic, and other social settings, the empathy test has become a source of anxiety and discord. At the same time, it brings a measure of comfort and safety for women who have experienced domestic violence and sexual assault, and thus can choose to live in apartment buildings that do not allow unmarked people to enter. Such is the case of Vetur, who fears the return of her stalker. The Mark is made more interesting by the fact that Vetur admits her complicity in the dynamics which led to her unhappiness, having seduced a man whose faults she could plainly see, as well as how her trauma leads her to treat others—even another survivor—harshly. Ísberg also shows real compassion for the case of Tristan, an unmarked and housing insecure man whose thievery and drug addiction were brought into being by his father’s violence, his brother’s troubles, and other forces beyond his control. By stress testing the presumptions that empathy can be measured and enforced for civic means, The Mark challenges the liberal tendency to perform inclusive values while extruding those who don’t measure up.

The Creator by Guðrún Eva Mínervudóttir, translated by Sarah Bowen

In The Creator, no moment of serendipity is wasted as two lonely beings entangle. Lóa, the grieving mother of two wayward girls, gets a flat tire in front of the home of Sveinn, who lives alone but for the sex dolls he makes for sale, “a ruler between their ankles” to keep their legs appealingly parted. Sveinn just had his picture printed alongside an article about a man who committed suicide after mutilating one of his dolls, but he disavows responsibility for sowing violence with dehumanized, portable vaginas. Lóa is also in a tough spot: Her father just died, and the flat tire occurs on her way to seek psychological help for her daughters Margrét and Ína, who aren’t doing so well after her divorce. What would decent people do? Sveinn plies Lóa with wine, changes her tire and fondles her hand while she is passed out. Upon waking, Lóa pees in his utility sink and steals one of his dolls to give to her anorexic daughter, for “What was troubling Margrét but an irrational aversion to her own body or a dread of life?” From there, The Creator unfurls in a series of gleaming sentences that illuminate the human condition. 

Karitas Untitled by Kristín Marja Baldursdóttir, translated by Philip Roughton

First published in Icelandic in 2004, Karitas Untitled begins in the Westfjords in World War I. Fending for herself after her husband is lost at sea, a mother moves her six children to town to be educated so that they will not be subject to the whims of subsistence farming. The youngest daughter, Karitas Jónsdóttir, has artistic talent. Fortunate enough to find a patron who sends her to the Danish Royal College of Art in Copenhagen, Karitas was also born in a woman’s body. Her creative trajectory is knocked off course by an unexpected pregnancy. Driven by a need to paint, she marries and keeps having babies within a fishing community whose male providers disappear for long swathes of time, leaving the women to support their families and each other through the ceaseless work of rural life. When to make art? Does being a mother mean you must sacrifice who you are for who others could be? Timeless questions hang in the balance of this historical novel, whose concerns for female liberation presaged Embroidery by Sigrún Pálsdóttir, translated by Lytton Smith. 

Waitress in Fall and Swanfolk by Kristín Ómarsdóttir, translated by Vala Thorodds

The zany genius of Kristín Ómarsdóttir is apparent across genres. With an alien consciousness akin to that of Anne Carson, Ómarsdóttir traces mycelial connections between imagery and meaning such that each line becomes a portal to a perception both estranged and familiar. I would be remiss not to mention her shimmering novel Swanfolk, a deeply weird modern folktale, but I encountered her verse first. Drawn from seven collections published over three decades, each odd and playful poem of Waitress in Fall is a surreal puzzle that resists being fixed into place. Take “Ode”: “…in a lightless girlhole / I met a mirror that deep-voiced said: / ‘see your beauty!’/ later it drew me a yellow line on the floor: / ‘come no closer!’” The patriarchal structures of lust and power are floodlit by Waitress in Fall, whose insights—bizarre and tender, deeply felt and sensual yet resistant to any common sentiment—are “clear as water in a truthpond.”

Herostories by Kristín Svava Tómasdóttir, translated by K.B. Thors

Much has been made of the intrepid settlers chronicled in Icelandic sagas. Yet when poet and historian Kristín Svava Tómasdóttir sought folkloric glory in the annals, she turned to Íslenskar ljósmæður I–III, which depicted Icelandic midwives from the 18th through the 20th century. Through the process of erasure, she found documentary poems among their triumphs over the limited roles allowed to women and the severe weather and landscapes they braved to bring babies into the world: “she was greatest/when most tested.” Forbidden to become doctors until 1911, these women often proffered their midwifery for as little as a cup of coffee. Winner of the Icelandic Women’s Literature Prize, Herostories brims with portmanteaus that evoke the harsh conditions which midwives endured to claim a place in history for themselves and future generations: Using “bodilyendurance” to conquer the “impassableslog” through “blindingblizzards.” What meaning can be salvaged from being undervalued? Independence requires risk and courage, which the midwives of Herostories exemplified to become ljósmæður, or “mothers of light.”

Bloodhoof by Gerður Kristný, translated by Rory McTurk

Poet and journalist Gerður Kristný scoured the Poetic Edda for insights into her mythological namesake Gerður of Jötunheimar, a giantess abducted into serving as the god Freyr’s bride. Though Kristný studied the eddic poem Skírnismál, preserved within the 13-century Codex Regius, she could not find Gerður’s perspective. Kristný decided to rectify the situation with Bloodhoof. Winner of the 2010 Icelandic Literature Award, her stark retelling of Gerður’s ordeal is an epic poem which refuses misogynist impositions of meaning. Instead, Kristný takes readers into the fierce mind of the giantess whose beauty drew such unwanted attention. When Freyr, the god of fertility, admired Gerður’s shining arms from Óðinn’s throne, he sends his vassal Skírnir to bring her to him by any means necessary. “Love had indeed come / armed to the teeth / with an envoy brandishing / a hateinfused sword / its haft carved in cruelty.” Sacrificing her own wellbeing for the life of her father, who was threatened with death, Gerður endures rape and births a son; for both of their sakes, she plots revenge and escape. A feminist reclaiming of an old Norse legend, Bloodhoof earned its place within millennia of the Icelandic canon.

A Jane Austen Novel for the Internet Age

Elaine Castillo’s fiction brings the Filipino diaspora into sharp focus. She populates her novels with the working Filipino (perpetually) underclass, whose precarious labor under capitalism reveals more than a century of intertwined histories between the United States and the Philippines. 

In Moderation, Castillo’s sophomore novel, the main character, Girlie Delmundo, descends from a long line of immigrant nurses and caretakers—“her mother was a nurse, her aunts and distant cousins all nurses and maids and cleaners scattered everywhere”—which might explain her aptitude for her job as a content moderator at a social media conglomerate. Content moderation is still care work after all. Girlie moves through the internet like a triage nurse, excising scenes of sexual assault, pedophilia, and other extreme material, absorbing the psychic damage that no algorithm can process. Her moderation team is mostly other Filipinas, after “none of the white people survived” the role’s emotional toll for more than a year. Such are the familiar trajectories of Filipino women who have long stood at the center of the global care economy, crossing oceans to nurse and to clean, to tend and to soothe. By always locating her characters within history—tracing Girlie and her family back through Spanish and American colonization—Castillo opens up new ways of understanding how empire and globalization have shaped contemporary stories of exploitation and lost potential.

Yet Moderation is not a novel about despair—Castillo refuses to linger there; after all, melancholy is boring. Instead, through Girlie’s sharp perspective, she writes with verve and mordant wit, exploring what shapes a life in all its complexity. Castillo is attuned to the small, collective details of Girlie’s world: The quiet romance that blooms in an unlikely place and the choices she must make to survive work, reckon with her history, and allow herself to love.

Castillo and I spoke over Zoom about writing happy endings, Melville, eldest-sibling fiction, and her wonderful book cover, which recently made it to the finals of Electric Literature’s Best Book Covers of 2025 contest.


Evander Reyes: Let’s start with the cover. Could you talk about how it came about and what ideas or tensions you hoped it would evoke?

Elaine Castillo: I knew early on what I wanted. I submitted a painting to my editor and the design team and said, “I want this, but glitchy.” Lynn Buckley, the cover designer, came back with this exact version plus five others that were equally amazing. It was the shortest meeting in Viking Press history—we all agreed immediately that she’d nailed it.

The painting is Admiration by Vittorio Reggianini, who belonged to a school called the “Satins and Silks painters.” He depicted Regency-era romance, so if you search images from Pride and Prejudice or Regency romance, his work often comes up. But while he painted that era, he wasn’t alive for it—he was looking back and romanticizing it.

Reggianini died in 1938, meaning he lived through Italy’s rise to fascism. So, here’s this extremely romanticized historical vision being painted during a period of political upheaval, war, and the rise of fascism. That tension—between a nostalgic image of history and the dark realities of the present—connects directly to the book’s themes of how history and romance are reimagined, especially in relation to the tech industry’s collusion with authoritarianism.

ER: In paintings, there’s often some secret history lurking beneath the surface, and the same is true of your fiction. I find it fitting that you interrupt the image of the painting with a glitch. A glitch, after all, disrupts the illusion of normal functioning—it forces us to look at what’s usually concealed, what remains invisible. In many ways, this book operates through a kind of glitch politics, constantly drawing attention to the hidden structures that sustain our world. Why did you choose to center the novel on the invisible content moderators whose labor undergirds our social media lives?

EC: When I started writing this novel, even though I knew I was writing about content moderation, I always thought of it as a novel primarily about labor.

In my research, one of the early articles I read was Adrian Chen’s 2014 Wired piece, “The Laborers Who Keep Dick Pics and Beheadings Out of Your Facebook Feed.” At that time, it identified so many content moderators as Filipino. When I realized how much of this labor was done within the Filipino community—and even possibly within my family—I started linking it to other forms of racialized labor in my diaspora, like nursing. My mom was a nurse. My dad worked as a security guard for computer chip companies. It was easy to see the connections: Who does the cleanup work for an industry, who carries the burdens of that labor, both materially and psychically?

I always thought of it as a novel primarily about labor.

That’s where my thinking on content moderation came from. I also knew I had no desire to write a novel centering a tech oligarch or someone part of the C-suite. I didn’t want to critique the tech industry from the top down. What interested me was illuminating the lives of tech’s most anonymous laborers. And when I was researching, most of the articles I found were understandably harrowing, with a tragic bent, because this labor is so punishing. But the job of fiction is to imagine people as more than just the worst thing that ever happened to them.

ER: Some readers might be surprised by the fact that in this industry, in such a brutal role, Filipinos are so present. But your book tells this history so well: how the Philippines and Filipinos often find themselves both at the center and at the margins of these accelerated processes of late-stage capitalism. 

EC: Absolutely. I mean, Cambridge Analytica rehearsed how to dismantle democracy in the Philippines before applying those tactics to elections in the UK and the US. Concerning content moderation, exploitation under capitalism is constantly evolving, but the links remain clear: Working-class labor that upholds entire industries is still connected to colonial and imperial structures, and it’s still the same groups who are exploited to maintain the center. That narrative hasn’t changed.

ER: The book’s engagement with tech dystopia and the effects of global capitalism kept bringing me back to the opening epigraph—the Melville quote from Moby Dick about New Bedford as a queer, or uncanny place. In that section, Melville writes about a beautiful, prosperous city whose wealthy veneer is built on the violence and exploitation of the whaling industry. Why start with this Melville quote?

EC: Fewer people ask about this epigraph! Everyone always asks about the second epigraph, the Terminator 2 quote. I love the playful contrast of Terminator with Moby Dick because it signals the sensibilities the book is playing with. I had just finished Moby Dick when I returned to this novel after pausing it in 2018 to write a book of essays, How to Read Now. Moby Dick is sort of America’s first workplace novel, or at least an early great workplace novel. That quote stuck out to me because it’s such a succinct and perceptive description of the labor that undergirds American society. Melville imagines all these patrician houses as being dragged up from the bottom of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, made possible entirely by the backbreaking labor of whaling. 

And in a way, it’s similar to the end of another novel, one of my favorites: Émile Zola’s Germinal. It’s a French novel that follows a mining community and their struggle to organize a strike in the post-industrial revolution era. At the end of the book—spoiler alert for something written in the 1800s—the revolution ultimately fails, and the main character walks off, but as he walks across the field, he imagines all the well-made French towns above being supported by the miners underground. Their work literally sustains the towns, but Zola frames it as seeds waiting to sprout, a potential revolution in the making. That’s where germinal comes from—seeds germinating. That connection, how both Melville and Zola imagines the way labor sustains society, is what I’m drawing from in my novel.

ER: I found Moderation to be an enormously hopeful book—even amid a world dominated by tech, oligarchs, and capitalism. Even as Girlie’s life is shaped by these crises, there’s still a sense of possibility. Did you set out to write a hopeful novel? 

EC: There were different possible endings for the book. At one point, it was even a direct sequel to my first novel, America Is Not the Heart, because I thought I had to be explicit about the destruction of that community. There was also a version that was much more politically explicit, one that would’ve satisfied my critical or political impulses. But I realized I was also using these different endings as a way to avoid doing the vulnerable work the book was really asking of me. And deep down, I always knew I wasn’t going to write an unhappy ending. Spoiler alert.

Something that bothers me about how stories of resistance or revolution are usually depicted is that they’re almost always grim. They suggest you have to sacrifice love and connection for the cause, or they end in tragedy. And then, in contrast, happy endings or romance get dismissed as pat.

I remember giving a craft talk where I was making the case for the politics of the happy ending, and I could see students getting uncomfortable. They’d been taught that happy endings are simplistic. But I told them: If you write about someone who lives a tragic life that ends tragically, it can also be pat depending on how it’s written. There’s no inherent moral value that makes a tragic ending more serious or hope and optimism less so. Still, it’s funny how we absorb this idea of what counts as serious and what doesn’t.

ER: Your work is in some ways writing against a certain kind of woman, usually white, that’s become very familiar terrain in fiction and television in the last decade or so. She is this unmoored depressive figure who is self-sabotaging and reckless. This character might be found in Girlie’s younger sister Maribel, but Girlie is none of those things. Can you talk about the extreme competence of Girlie? 

EC: I like to joke that this book is for eldest siblings. It’s an eldest daughter book. I’m tired of messy fiction—it’s younger sibling propaganda! We need more repressed, highly competent, parentified eldest sibling fiction. This book is my contribution to that genre.

There’s no inherent moral value that makes a tragic ending more serious or hope and optimism less so.

That said, I do love a lot of that messy fiction and art. I only just watched Fleabag—because I’m late to everything. Phoebe Waller-Bridge’s character is the kind of messy character that is representative of this genre, but as I was watching I kept thinking we need more of the older sister Claire’s story. The sister who’s just martialing her way through life. To me, Claire feels very Girlie-coded. I don’t see this type of woman in fiction as much. I certainly see her in my life—or in the mirror. But sometimes I just think: Life is messy enough.

The narrative for Girlie, of course, is that she might be messier inside than she admits. But I think the other big source of drama for Girlie and her love interest, William, is that they’re people who self-identify as fixers. They’re like, I’m the one who handles everything, I’m the one who keeps it all together. And that can be a really convenient way to avoid looking at your own life. At some point it’s like, look at yourself, bitch.

ER: Girlie and William both sound like Virgos. 

EC: Oh my god, I was just about to say that. This book is definitely about Virgo problems. Girlie is absolutely a Virgo—same as me. They both have a lot of Earth. They might both be Capricorn Moons. I think William’s sun sign is Aquarius though, and I have a lot of Aquarians in my life, so that tracks.

ER: We have to talk about virtual reality. In this novel, VR plays two strikingly different roles. On one hand, it offers simulations of ancient civilizations that gamers explore for entertainment. On the other, it serves a therapeutic purpose where immersive VR experiences actually reprogram the nervous system, reshaping the body’s relationship to reality in ways that can lead to healing. In what ways did you want these very different approaches to VR to interact within the story?

EC: When I started writing the early kernels that eventually became this novel, it wasn’t necessarily about content moderation. It was more of a sci-fi novel in my mind, thinking about speculative forms of therapy, formative harm, and related ideas. When I started reading about content moderation, I wanted to take that labor and imagine it in a more speculative context. I also knew I was writing about virtual reality. 

The VR in the book is not the VR we have now. But for the therapeutic side, I wanted to respect the clinical science. In my research, I found real work on virtual-reality therapy. It’s a legitimate science, and the book by Brennan Spiegel, Vrx: How Virtual Therapeutics Will Revolutionize Medicine, is cited in my book’s acknowledgements and was really influential. His work explores how VR is used in clinics to treat things like depression or chronic pain. Many of the VR therapy sessions I wrote about are closely modeled to what Spiegel describes or what I read in other articles. I wanted that science to feel grounded, even though the VR in the book is far ahead of current technology. 

I’m tired of messy fiction—it’s younger sibling propaganda!

One reason I wanted to write about this is connected to what we were discussing earlier. I was interested in exploring the dystopian aspects of tech without writing a straightforward tech dystopia. I don’t want to immediately surrender to technophobia. Yes, the tech industry repeats exploitative cycles that have existed for hundreds of years. It’s extractive, colonial, environmentally destructive, and harms people around the world. But if that were the only truth, it would be easier to divest from it. I was interested in the push and pull: how technologies can seduce us, connect us, and what draws us to them. I wanted to explore how someone can be seduced by a technology while simultaneously being exploited by it. Part of the thematic focus of the book is exploring how complex our relationships with technology are, how it acts on us viscerally, and how those forces intersect with labor, exploitation, and the possibilities of repair.

ER: Your first book, America’s Not the Heart, clearly nods to the classic Filipino text America Is in the Heart by Carlos Bulosan. How do you think about the literary inheritance of the Filipino novel, and which works do you see Moderation being in conversation with? 

EC: Honestly, sometimes I can only see these connections after having written the book. You have this vague sense of influence while you’re working. Though I knew I’d been shaped by William Gibson. My dad bought me Idoru when I was around 13, and I didn’t reread it while writing because I thought, “It’s already in my brain; I don’t need to revisit it.” But after Moderation was published, I looked back and realized, yes, it’s literally about a rock star who wants to marry a VR idol. Anyone writing about virtual reality is inheriting everything Gibson wrote about.

At the same time, because of the romance aspect and the way love is repressed in the novel, I realized I was riffing on Jane Austen too. I had written a bit about Austen in How to Read Now, especially how people add political and social context to her novels. While writing, I started thinking, “If I were to write an Austen-esque novel today, what would that look like?” I didn’t plan it explicitly, but that’s definitely what was happening. So, in a way, it’s like Gibson and Austen are in conversation. It’s genre-jumping, yes, but Gibson’s novels always have romance in them, so these genres coexist naturally. I knew I was writing both a sci-fi novel and a love story, so those were the lineages I was consciously drawing from. 

There Is No Privacy on Open Water

“Albatross” by Edgard Telles Ribeiro

The letter, on top-quality paper bearing a letterhead, came from a notary public in a small rural town. The name of the town meant nothing to him. The contents of the letter, however, were so unexpected that he caught himself groping through the air behind him in search of a chair. 

An island . . . He had inherited an island. . . . He who owned nothing more than a few books and prints—and whose rent had been overdue since January. But there was no doubt; the text was clear: “. . . approximately 1.7 square miles, including the woods and beaches contained therein, situated seventeen miles from the coast of . . .”

He telephoned the notary public and confirmed the news with the head officer, a soft-spoken lawyer. His great-uncle, the source of this miracle, a relative he hadn’t even heard from in twenty years, had died a few weeks before. 

A small island . . . Would it have electricity and safe drinking water?

Inheriting an island at age fifty produces peculiar fantasies in the mind of a man without ambitions. He actually dreamed there might be a treasure chest buried under palm trees. And he was reminded of his childhood, when the greatest joys were always preceded by a certain uneasiness.

The legal formalities took about a month. When the day arrived, he went by bus to a village on the coast. The owner of a banana boat, after carefully inspecting his map, introduced him to a fisherman, who, in exchange for a modest sum, agreed to detour his normal route along the coast and take him to his domain. 

His domain . . .

They left that same afternoon. In spite of the ocean’s calmness, the boat rocked a little. Low clouds covered the coastline, and islands went by one after another: bigger, smaller, inhabited, apparently deserted, sometimes no more than a pair of rocks. A light drizzle began to fall.

After two hours, the fisherman came over and pointed to a greenish spot on the horizon. He felt an unexpected surge of tenderness for that parcel of the universe, the destiny of which the gods had so casually deposited in his hands.

Was it really deserted, as the lawyer had said? Judging from his conversation during the trip, the fishermen didn’t frequent these parts. They preferred the open sea, or trawling along the coast. At most, they had glimpsed an occasional sailboat anchored in the island’s cove to shelter overnight. 

In another half hour, they arrived. The island was much larger than he had imagined, though two small hills kept him from evaluating its size accurately. It would take a whole day, at least, just to explore it. 

He was taken to the beach in a rowboat. It was agreed that he would be picked up in three days, a length of time that suddenly seemed a little excessive. But the quiet elegance of the bay, contrasting with a wild and varied abundance of vegetation, and the warm breeze that had replaced the drizzling rain completely eliminated any doubts he might have had about this adventure.

Because really, that’s what it was. An adventure . . . with roots in childhood and a random flavor. Except for the cold, gritty sand under his bare feet, everything in this story seemed unreal.

Besides a small tent and a lantern, he had brought two canvas bags. In the first were food, three bottles of drinking water, two of wine, towels, a blanket. In the second, clothes, a few books, notebooks, pens, a pair of binoculars, and the manuscript of his latest short story.

Once his things were unloaded, he said good-bye to the boatman. For an instant he again hesitated. Nothing remotely akin to fear: a sense of vulnerability, if anything, in the face of the unknown. For the first time in his life, he found himself truly isolated—in a place from which he couldn’t return on his own. 

But the birds began to sing so cheerfully that he felt welcomed. He breathed deeply and looked with confidence at the man who was rowing back to the fishing boat. A little later, the throttle of the engine, dry and measured, fell on his ears. They waved to each other. 

“Don’t forget me!” he yelled.

Had the fisherman heard? The boat disappeared around the curve of the island, leaving behind a small plume of black smoke, which soon faded, as well.

He pitched his tent in an elevated spot covered with grass, between the beach and the thick woods. He wanted to get settled before nightfall, which was approaching fast. This spot, he thought, would be ideal for building a house, if he ever had the means. He collected some kindling to build a fire. The damp wood resisted his efforts, so he lit the lantern and set it on a rock. Leaning against a tree trunk, he opened his manuscript. 

The page was spattered with blood. Surprised, he glanced up, as if the red droplets might have fallen out of the sky. Then he realized he had cut his finger; there was blood on his shirt and trousers. Licking his wound, he glanced about him and saw the kindling lying on the sand. That was it, he decided, a thorn.

The blood had stained the last two sentences of his text: The only freedom left to him consisted in frequenting his wife’s nightmares. At night, under the sheets, she tossed among the ghosts of imaginary infidelities—and he must appease her jealousy when she awoke.

He reread the passage, under the asphyxiating spell that had marked the end of his marriage. He closed the notebook and walked down to the beach, wetting his feet in the white foam. The coolness of the water encouraged him. Taking off his clothes, he plunged into the sea. 

With a few strokes he was beyond the waves, floating. The cold, however, forced him to go on swimming. Not wanting to stray too far, he veered toward the cove.

He was tired when he reached it. With some difficulty he pulled himself up onto a rock. Rubbing his hands over his dripping body, he hopped up and down on the wet surface. He intended to return as soon as he got his wind back.

In the distance, the flickering light of his lantern sprinkled gold flecks on his tent. The prospect of a dry towel appealed to him. He considered going back on foot, over the rocks, but they were moss-covered and slippery.

Just as he was about to dive back into the water, he heard a sound from far away. Instinctively, he crouched. A breath of air and, again, the sound. A melody . . . carried by the breeze, coming closer and closer. Suddenly, the music stopped. And on his left, almost at his side, a large white sailboat appeared, crossing the space directly in front of him. 

Three masts cutting the silence, their sails flapping against the wind with a half-ghostly elegance. A phantom ship . . . But at once he distinguished a figure maneuvering the craft from the stern. Beside the central mast was another silhouette. That of a woman, he noticed when she moved.

On the beach, the wind had put out the lantern, plunging his campsite into shadows. The darkness reduced him to an intruder, a feeling his nudity intensified. The couple had by now dropped anchor and fastened the sails.

He left his rock, entering the water without a sound. He swam back to the beach, plagued by doubts. Not that the couple threatened him; on the contrary, the sailboat signaled well-being and security. But it was impossible not to associate its arrival—coming, as it had, on the very heels of his own—with an invasion.

His teeth chattering, he gathered his clothes up from the sand and went into the tent. Vigorously, he rubbed himself dry with the towel. As he dressed, he heard the clinking of dishes, silverware, and glasses in the distance, then a bucket of water being thrown into the sea.

By the time he left the tent, the music had started up again. A baroque piece—Vivaldi, possibly. A table was being set up on the stern as the couple prepared for dinner. Anchored about fifty yards from the beach, the sailboat offered itself up for his inspection. He remembered his binoculars.

Yet, for a moment, he remained motionless. Except for the intriguing coincidence of this meeting, nothing had occurred on either side, up to that point, that would suggest real intrusion. But if he gave in to the temptation to spy on the couple, the precarious balance would be broken. Better to sleep. With any luck, the sailboat would be on its way by morning. 

He considered facing his manuscript again. Could the blood have injected new life into his words? Impossible to know without lighting the lantern. His resistance weakened second by second. A desire—intense, secret, dangerous—contaminated him with an almost youthful energy. He found himself rummaging feverishly through his bags. That intimacy, soon to be violated, would become his treasure. 

He looked through the binoculars; the tips of the masts appeared in his lenses. Slowly he lowered his angle, adjusting the focus. As his field of vision descended, the light filled it with details of every sort. He passed over them all without pausing. Above all, it was the couple he wanted to see. At the bottom of the mast he stopped, his heart pounding fast.

The music seemed to be louder now. Or was it an illusion, induced by the closeness of his lenses? The refined melody dominated the air with the clarity of a live performance. The woman had disappeared inside the cabin. On the bridge, the man was calmly opening a bottle of wine. 

He, too, calmed himself. Time was his ally. Better yet, his accomplice. He turned the binoculars toward the bow, trying in vain to read the boat’s name. The woman was coming back; immediately, he focused on her.

He was surprised she had dressed so formally for dinner. She wore a pearl necklace, a white tunic that swept down to her sandals, and a turquoise-blue stole, which slid off one shoulder. Her casual, almost careless gestures as she approved the wine, one hand on her waist, the other holding a glass up in the air, suggested complete affinity with a world of sophistication and refinement. 

They sat on opposite sides of the table, both in profile to him, the woman to the right, the man to the left. The slight elevation from which he watched permitted him a privileged view. Wrapping himself in a blanket against the cold, he once again leaned against the tree.

He studied the woman first. She was young, barely thirty. Blond, slender, with a short hairdo. More than the freshness of her youth, he envied the shower she had just taken. The sailboat undoubtedly possessed generous facilities with plenty of fresh hot water, the only luxury he missed so far—his skin, saturated with salt, chafed under his shirt. He imagined her to be lightly perfumed. The man, in his forties, was tall and stout. His tanned skin suggested a healthy outdoor lifestyle, which the very dimensions of the sailboat seemed somehow to confirm. In shorts and a T-shirt, he savored the wine, tilting his head back toward the sky.

Suddenly hungry, he remembered the chicken sandwich he had prepared for his first night. He took it out of its wrapper, embellished it with two leaves of lettuce, and opened a bottle of wine, raising a toast to his visitors’ health. 

The three of them dined, united by the melody. From time to time, he consulted his binoculars. At one point he heard them laughing. He felt an enormous desire to get closer to them, the way a stranger in a tavern draws near the fireplace, rubbing his hands together. If it weren’t for the cold and his fear of being discovered, he would have swum over to the sailboat, just to listen to them.

It was then he noticed something. Something so unnerving that he lowered the binoculars, as though needing to confirm with his naked eyes what the lenses showed: a pistol.

It was under the table, on the woman’s lap. A silver-handled pistol, half hidden under her napkin. He focused on the man. He was laughing happily.

Jumping to his feet, he upset his glass of wine. He took a few steps forward. On the deck of the sailboat, the man had also risen, and was going down toward the cabin. 

Alone at the table, the woman lit a cigarette. She turned her eyes toward the island. It was improbable that she could distinguish the beach or the forest in any detail. Nevertheless, his hands tightened on the binoculars, as if her gaze could pierce him. 

My God, he thought, his breath short. She was going to shoot. Any minute now. Those eyes didn’t suggest bitterness or ferocity, only determination. Between one remark and another​—​after dessert, before the liqueur—she would shoot.

The man returned with another bottle of wine, already open. Standing with a napkin draped over his arm, he bowed ceremoniously to his companion, serving her with the rapture of an adolescent. For the second time, she approved the wine.

What if he yelled? If he tore the night with a bloodcurdling scream?

The cold water at his feet brought him up with a start. Without realizing it, he had strayed toward the beach. With the change of angle, however, he could no longer follow the woman’s gestures. The music stopped; neither of them seemed disposed to change it. A dangerous silence weighed down the air. His heart was beating out of control. From the bottom of his chest, he heard his voice rising like a wave gathering in the dark. 

“VIVALDI!” he yelled.

The woman startled in astonishment. The man, jumping up, bent over the rail. With surprising agility, he ran to the other end of the deck and put out the lights on the sailboat.

“Who’s there?” he bellowed.

A strong voice, but hesitant. He said something to the woman, who went down to the cabin. Again he called out, more irritated than alarmed. “Who’s there?”

The woman reappeared, carrying something in her hands. A powerful beam of light flashed across the beach. Waving his arms, he shouted, “Good evening!”

Still waving, he repeated his greeting. “Good evening! Welcome!”

And when the searchlight finally hit him, he called, “I heard music.”

Blinking in the harsh glare, he felt the most pathetic of men. Once again he shouted, “Welcome!”

He kept the binoculars behind his back, fastened to his belt. Now it was the couple who examined him, with lenses sure to be powerful. Never did he cease waving or smiling. He added additional information to his speech. “I’m the owner of the island! Make yourselves at home.”

The searchlight played over him, scanning the night. A voice echoed, this time lower, almost tired. “What a scare!”

An enormous pause followed.

“We always stop here. We’ve never seen anyone before. Do you live here?”

“No. I’m just camping. I was over on the other side of the island when you arrived.”

He couldn’t seem to lower his voice, in spite of the difficulty of maintaining a dialogue at the top of his lungs with any degree of naturalness. He added, “Beautiful sailboat.”

The man, relaxing a little, repeated what he had said before. “What a scare.”

“I’m sorry.”

“No, that’s all right. . . . Are you a fisherman? Is this island really yours?”

Instead of answering, he asked, “Was that Vivaldi?”

“What?” the other yelled back, surprised.

“The music. Was it Vivaldi?”

“Corelli,” said the woman. And again, louder, “Corelli.”

He latched onto the name like a drowning man would a life ring. 

“Corelli! Of course, Corelli.”

The man cut him off. “Well, good night, then. See you in the morning.” The light went out abruptly.

Lost in the darkness, he replied, “Good night.”

Sweat was rolling off him in streams and his legs trembled. He thought of the gun. Once more he called, “Hey!”

“What is it?” asked the man almost roughly.

“Your sailboat! What’s her name?”

“Albatross.”

“Albatross . . .”

“Good night!” It was her voice this time.

Had she left the pistol in the cabin when she went down? Or was it still wrapped in the napkin?

“Good night!” he called back.

He sat down on the sand, completely exhausted. A cold breeze blew over him. I’m leaving, but I’ll be back, Death whispered in his ears. He breathed with difficulty. I know, he thought. I know.

A night . . . He had gained a night. Maybe a day or two. He crawled back to the tent and relighted the lantern. On the sailboat, two lights came on also, one inside, the other, weaker, on the stern. The music started again: jazz, this time.

I’m leaving, but I’ll be back, Death whispered in his ears.

Piano, bass, percussion, saxophone . . . He moved around outside the tent, with the express purpose of being seen. Then he strolled toward the trees, as if to urinate. Protected by the vegetation, he took out the binoculars again.

In the kitchen, the man was busy doing the dishes, his body swaying to the rhythm of the music. Directly above him, the woman was smoking, leaning over the rail as she watched the island. 

She could not possibly see him. Even so, he felt he was being observed. For his part, he couldn’t discern her features in the shadows, only the lighted point of the cigarette and the outline of her figure, arms crossed.

Vivaldi . . . she must have been thinking.

Vivaldi . . . A single despairing cry had landed him in the tangled center of someone else’s labyrinth. The man hadn’t even noticed. How could he, if he didn’t know what was at stake?

But the woman suspected something. And there she stood, smoking, watching him, wondering. Somewhere in the firmament, Death drummed its fingers impatiently on a barroom countertop. It would be back, surely. But when?

Unless . . .

He felt assailed by a strange force. Back at the tent, fully illuminated by the lantern, he deliberately fixed the binoculars on the woman. 

She moved back two steps and looked in all directions, as if a thousand demons were spying on her.

In the kitchen, the man was now drying his dishes in sync with the music. At the bow, the woman threw her cigarette into the sea, as though she had come to a decision, and strode quickly toward the rear of the boat. Was she going to denounce him?

When she reached the stairway, however, she stopped and came back to the rail. Placing both hands on the varnished wood, she stayed there directly in his line of vision, as though to defy him.

He lowered the binoculars and turned his gaze away, overtaken by a weariness bordering on disgust. There was nothing to be done. Now it was only a question of time.

Seeing his glass overturned on the ground, he refilled it with wine. He lifted it in a toast to the sea without looking at the sailboat. Have a great trip, he thought. Kill each other, devour each other . . .

But somewhere else, far away . . . He hadn’t landed in his new domain that precise afternoon for nothing. The gods hadn’t entrusted the destiny of that island to him by chance. Discounting the few drops that had fallen on his manuscript, blood wouldn’t be spilled here.

After a few more minutes, he raised his eyes to the boat again. The music had now stopped for good. The woman, her back to the island, was completely still.

Something in her attitude had changed. Something almost imperceptible. He grabbed the binoculars. Her body had lost its rigidity. Head down, she seemed to be sobbing.

He put out the lantern, leaving the couple alone. So they could tally up the scores, without violating the natural order of things. It was asking too much, he knew.

Just before sleep overtook him, however, he heard the music begin again, and he identified the piece. This time there was no doubt: Vivaldi. He slept.

The next morning when he woke up, the Albatross had left.


The three days following those first hours spent on the island passed slowly. No matter how rich the vegetation around him, or how varied the number of butterflies and birds flying overhead, he thought only of the woman. Not even the discovery of a tiny coral beach surrounded by palm trees, directly across the island from his hills, could distract him from his obsession.

His memories of her blended into the perfume of the sea breeze and the shades of the evening colors, insinuating themselves into every fold of his imagination. What was her relationship to the man? Was she a wife, lover, friend, sister?

We always stop here. We’ve never seen anyone before.

The remark suggested a degree of familiarity with the region. She had obviously participated in other sailing trips at various times, possibly happy ones. What was she doing now as she skirted an abyss?

The abyss had been hers; the vertigo was now his. Would she honor the terms of her promise? Suggestion, really, more than promise. Validated, at most, by a few measures of music.

He spent a good part of the second night sitting on the grassy hill, his eyes on the sea. The third night found him swimming toward the cove in the dark. 

Over and over he recalled the first glance she had given the island—the glance he had immediately captured in his lenses. As time passed, he retrieved from the depths of those pupils a dimension of sadness that had at first eluded him.

Had it really been there?

The doubt, uncomfortable and relentless, began to occupy an ever-greater space in his thoughts. Had the episode originated from a coolly designed plan, motivated by greed? Or had the whole drama been rooted in fear or despair?

He spent his nights revisiting every word of the conversation they had had.

“Vivaldi!”

He saw the silhouette jumping up from the chair, the man’s shadow sliding toward the stern, the beam of light slicing the darkness.

“Who’s there?”

Each of them had played a different instrument in an improvised score. He had shouted firm notes imbued with certainty, which reverberated like those of a trumpet. The man had deflected each one, as if they had been dull bullets ricocheting from his cymbals. Until the woman had brought harmony to the scene: “Corelli.”

In that baroque mirror they had found each other. From that point on, they would proceed together, on the same score, she vulnerable in her waiting, he powerless in the dark. 

“Corelli! Of course.”

His decision to search for the woman matured gradually, as he came to feel responsible for her destiny. Without defining precisely what form this affair might assume, he counted the hours left until the fisherman’s return. 

They finally passed. And the little fishing boat came back, preceded by the syncopated drumming of its engine. He said good-bye to the island.

On the return trip, he felt he was being observed. Was it his imagination? Maybe . . . In any case, the fisherman respected his silence, limiting his remarks to comments about the weather and the duration of the crossing.

It was raining when they got to the village. He walked on the wet cobblestones toward the bus stop. His bus wouldn’t be coming for a while, so he went into a bar and ordered a cup of hot coffee, which he savored as he planned his next moves.

“We always stop here. . . .”

The adverb implied they had not come from too far away. He would concentrate his search—at least initially—within a radius of one hundred miles along the shoreline, to the north and south of the island. Unclear as to the probable outcome of his investigation, he wavered between a boyish excitement and a sense of anguish—the contours of which he preferred to leave undefined.

At home he took a long shower and fell into bed, exhausted. He dreamed about his island, and woke with the sails of the Albatross beating the wind amid the curtains of his window.

The inquiries he made during the next two weekends produced no results. No one had heard of the sailboat in the places he visited. It didn’t matter; in a way, he actually preferred to postpone a discovery, the consequences of which he still had no way of ascertaining. In spite of the long bus trips over potholed roads, he sighed with relief at every dead end. And he wrote avidly, as if the deeper background of that episode had fertilized his ideas.

But as time went on, he started to get impatient. He even began to cultivate the illusion that the Albatross was avoiding him. This sensation grew even sharper on his third trip, when a boy promised to take him to the boat—and led him instead to a plain fishing vessel beached on a sandbank.

He finally paid a visit to the port authorities—an alternative that, till then, he had chosen to avoid. It bothered him that dusty old registry books might facilitate a reencounter he would have preferred, as much as possible, to leave to chance.

He discovered two vessels registered under that same name, both in private marinas situated between ports he had visited. The first was a yacht, the second a sailboat.

The following weekend, he rented a car. The day was bright, and there was little traffic on the roads. He arrived at his destination within three hours. At a gas station, the attendant pointed out the side road that would take him to the property.

The narrow road descended toward the shore. After driving a short distance, he left the car hidden among the trees and walked to the edge of a cliff. In a small bay, moored at a pier, stood the Albatross.

It was the same sailboat, without a doubt. So still, however, it looked more like a domesticated animal. Its sails rolled up under canvas covers and fastened to the masts, its hull against the wooden pier, the Albatross now seemed part of a setting that included the ocean and the thick woods beyond. The sailboat shared the stage with a colonial-style house and a beach of reddish sand—both deserted.

The house, one story tall, was surrounded by an ample lawn. Its ivy-covered roof projected out over a veranda. Five blue window frames were outlined on the white facade, and closed venetian blinds highlighted the loneliness of the sailboat in the morning sun.

Suddenly, very close, he heard children laughing, and immediately afterward the barking of a dog. He walked a little way through the trees. Almost at his feet, a second house appeared. It was much smaller, rustic, and a circle of banana trees grew around it. In the bare yard of beaten earth, half a dozen chickens pecked at the ground. A little girl ran outside, followed by a smaller boy. Laughing, they scampered up the hillside, the dog bounding after them. When they saw him, they came to an abrupt halt. The dog began to bark furiously. A woman appeared in the yard, wiping her hands on a dishcloth.

“Good afternoon!” he called.

“Good afternoon,” replied the woman.

The dog stopped barking. A silence loaded with curiosity fell on the scene. Before their surprise could turn to suspicion, he gestured vaguely in the direction of the road.

“My car broke down,” he said quite naturally. “Is there a telephone around here?”

As he spoke, he went down the path, the children backing away, the dog growling. He asked the girl playfully, “Does he bite?”

The woman was sorry, but there was no telephone here. The closest one was back at the gas station. Right along the main road, about a mile away.

He sat down on a rock and shook his head, feigning good-humored discouragement. A mile! He sensed that his city clothes imposed respect, and that his graying hair would inspire confidence. He patted the dog. 

“It’s not so far, really,” said the little girl, trying to cheer him up.

“And there’s a mechanic there,” added her brother.

Smiling at both of them, he commented, “I saw a house from the road up there . . . and a sailboat.”

“In the boss’s house, there’s a phone,” the little girl said, interrupting, “but we can’t use it.”

“It’s out of order,” the mother added quickly.

“That’s all right,” he reassured her. “It doesn’t matter. I’ll walk to the gas station.”

For a few seconds, he looked at the shabby house. The woman was watching him closely, the children beside her.

“Nice-looking boat,” he commented in a conversational tone.

“It’s sailed all around the world!” exclaimed the boy.

“They’re selling it,” said the girl excitedly.

“Selling it?” He couldn’t disguise his shock. For the first time, his voice sounded real. The details all around him came into sharper focus.

“Yes, it’s for sale,” confirmed the mother.

“Then I’ll buy it!” he joked.

The woman giggled, hiding her wrinkles in the dishcloth. The dog wagged its tail, pleased with the children’s happiness.

“It must be very expensive,” he went on, more at ease.

“Millions!” cried the boy, stretching his arms wide into the sky.

“But why sell such a beautiful boat?”

Here mother and children exchanged awkward glances.

“It’s ’cause the lady died,” the boy said, scuffing the ground with his foot.

“The boss is very sad.” The girl sighed.

“He may even sell the house,” added the woman resignedly.

Their sadness turned to apprehension as his shadow suddenly swayed menacingly over them.

“Are you all right, sir?”

The boy huddled close to the mother. The girl clapped her hand to her mouth, as though stifling a cry.

“It’s just the heat,” he managed to mumble as he sank down on the rock again.

The woman went into the house and came back with a glass of water.

“Died? But how?” he asked with such a feeble voice, he could barely listen himself.

“Drowned, poor thing.”

Still pale, he drank the water.

“She was very nice. She liked the children.”

“She gave me a doll,” the girl said. “Want to see it?”

He smiled at the woman as the girl ran inside the house. She smiled back, full of sympathy for his shock.

The little girl came back, bringing the doll, accompanied by her brother, who carried a toy car. The four of them sat there in the yard examining these treasures. Little by little, he distanced himself from the desire to know more. He only wanted to sit there, lost in the contemplation of the toys. Above all, he wanted to forget. He had been part of a story—which had changed course. And from which he now felt excluded.

Perhaps for that very reason, the facts came to him in a natural and calm manner, as though his silence generated a vacuum that sucked in all the details and regrouped them at his feet. Pieces of information emerged delicately, none of them requiring any immediate reaction on his part.

He had been part of a story—which had changed course. And from which he now felt excluded.

The woman had slipped on the wet quarterdeck and fallen from the sailboat in the middle of the night, three weeks ago. A few days later, her body had washed up on the beach not far away. “Her face was all eaten by the fish,” the boy added, taking advantage of a pause.

They spoke slowly, in soft voices, each solemnly bringing back a fragment of the past. The words hurt him—he had no way of assimilating them. He thought about the woman, whose flesh by now was rotting beneath the earth.

“We heard about it from the boss. That same night. He came to get the spare key to the house, you see. My husband gave it to him.”

“He was shaking from head to toe.”

“They found the other key in her pocket.”

In panic, the man had radioed for help from the sailboat when he realized she was missing. Various boats had spent hours combing the waters in vain, over a radius of several miles.

“She wasn’t a good swimmer.”

“She drowned fast. It was very dark.”

That was true. On that night, he remembered well, he had spent hours sitting on the grass, gazing into the darkness, redrawing the silhouette of the woman on the Albatross. Meanwhile . . .

“He cried so hard!”

The mother bent over her son.

“Cried?” she asked, puzzled.

“First he talked on the phone. Then he cried. He banged his head on the table.”

The boy hadn’t been able to sleep. He had crept outside, gone down the path to the big house, and peeked through a window. Now he confessed his mischief.

“And he didn’t see you?”

“He was drunk.”

The man had guzzled two bottles and then passed out, slumping onto the table. The boy had only left the window in the wee hours of the morning, when the police arrived.

The inquiry confirmed the accident. The woman had been buried in the city.

“My husband went. There were lots of people. Lots of flowers.”

Three weeks . . . So it had all happened on the trip back from the island.  Three weeks . . .

She must have changed her mind. She must have tried to kill her husband.

Only she had hesitated. A struggle, a bullet that missed the mark—and she had fallen overboard. Or had she been thrown into the water? 

Had she screamed?

The boat had sailed away, disappearing in the night.

Worse, it had stayed just out of her reach, sails furled, rocking in the water.

So many hypotheses . . . and they all made sense. Except that none of them sounded real. They paled before the emptiness that overwhelmed him.

He had no reason to judge the husband, or to incriminate him. Suppose a wave hadn’t thrown the woman off balance—then he might have disappeared into the sea. With a bullet through his forehead and an anchor tied to his feet. Perhaps that was why he had drunk so much that night, why he had wept in despair.

He considered taking a closer look at the sailboat but couldn’t find the strength to do it. He said good-bye to the woman and children and went up the hill, walking away from the questions he left behind. 


Six months went by. When summer came, he began to feel an intense desire to return to the island. This time, he decided, he would stay longer. He wanted to look over the collection of stories that consumed his nights, and catch up on his reading. He might have other reasons for going back to his domain. But he had long ceased thinking about them.

At the small port, the fisherman he knew was having problems with his boat’s engine and couldn’t take him to the island. But the man introduced him to a friend, who agreed to do the job. The fellow even left him the dinghy he was towing as a bonus, fruit of a spontaneous camaraderie developed during the crossing.

Thanks to the dinghy, he gained mobility. He paddled daily around the island, uncovering all sorts of details from various angles. On his first visit, he had familiarized himself with the physical dimensions of the landscape. Now he had the luxury of courting the island from a distance, discovering its bends and cliffs with renewed enchantment. He spent hours floating in the water, reading, half asleep, his fishing rod propped at his feet.

One day, to protect himself from the sun that had been beating down since early morning, he improvised a tent roof on his small boat. There he stayed, under its canvas, bent over his book, waiting for the fish to bite. From time to time his line would jerk, though nothing much materialized on his hook. Twice he replenished the bait. Till he finally gave it up, he was so absorbed in his reading. After a length of time he couldn’t have estimated precisely, he heard, behind him, a dull thumping sound.

A keel beating hard against the water, he thought. He turned around and saw the sailboat. So close—almost on top of him—that it seemed about to cut his dinghy in two. A line of letters, painted on the leaning bow, paraded before his eyes. And the Albatross, in a salty cloud, passed within a few inches of him.

He struggled to get up, losing his balance in the waves. The canvas shelter and the oars fell into the ocean. Gripping the seat of the fragile boat, he saw the man waving at him.

So it hadn’t been sold. . . . The Albatross hadn’t been sold! Lifted by a luminous flash, which in one fell swoop eliminated all and every hint of melancholy from the face of the Earth, it again put his island on the map. 

The woman was back. With all the honors bestowed upon her by ghosts from countless seas, she was back for a last sailing trip. 

He fished the oars out of the water, collected and folded up his canvas, and returned slowly to the beach. He pulled the dinghy onto the sand, leaving it under the bushes, as was his habit. For a moment, he stood motionless, looking at his hills.

He thought about the man who, on the other side of the island, was busy anchoring his sailboat on the little coral beach. It seemed natural that he should come back. This route was familiar to him. One could even say that there was something predictable about this reencounter. It was the way it had happened that worried him. 

They had almost collided. . . . With great dexterity, however, the man had managed to avoid the worst. Steering the sailboat away, he had waved an apology and disappeared around the bend of the cove. 

The sequence of events hadn’t lasted more than a minute or so. But it had left in its wake a sensation bordering on uneasiness. As if the episode fulfilled a function that he failed to grasp.

He had a bite to eat, without much appetite, and settled down under the trees, book in hand. Sooner or later, the man would show up.

Hours passed. He had a long swim; the afternoon fell. When the sun went down, he lit a fire. The green wood gave him some trouble, and he blew on the coals for a long while. He was still squatting down, puffing, when the man approached, carrying a bottle of liquor. He had come by way of the trail that twisted among the trees to the right of the hills. 

Drawing closer, the visitor nodded with a somewhat studied formality, and produced a remark calculated for effect.

“My respects to the owner of the island.”

Owner . . . The greeting, spoken in a jovial tone, transported them offhandedly into the past, and reinstated the woman between them.

“You are the owner of the island?” the man insisted good-humoredly.

“Yes, I am,” he replied in the same tone.

“I’m sorry I startled you today,” the man said, holding out a hand.

Another echo from the past. Wasn’t it he who had startled the couple on that remote night?

“It was a bit close,” he admitted, shaking the man’s hand.

He offered him his folding canvas chair, and went to get some glasses. His feet felt like lead. The man poured them drinks.

“Cheers.”

“Cheers.”

Brandy . . . Two men drinking brandy on a deserted island.

“An inheritance,” he commented vaguely, with a gesture that embraced the island, the ocean, and the stars.

The other didn’t react to this explanation. He was examining the tent with interest. Was he thinking about his wife? Had he been witness to, or agent of, her death?

“I still don’t really know what to do with it,” he went on, aware that he spoke with the express purpose of filling the silence. As if the island were a painting he couldn’t decide where to hang, or an old piece of furniture acquired at some third-rate auction. In a last attempt, he added, almost to himself, “It’s a shame there’s no drinking water.”

“Drinking water?” The man turned to face him. “But there is. And lots of it.”

The man’s tone was attentive, almost solicitous.

“Where?” he asked, surprised.

The other laughed and replied, “In the pirates’ cave.”

“The pirates’ cave?” He laughed, too. 

To his surprise, however, the man wasn’t joking. Drawing in the sand with a stick, he explained where the place was. The entrance was hidden by vegetation, and in the afternoon the tide rose to cover it. But in the morning it was visible. The springwater came from a pit below the rocks. It was fresh and abundant. Taking another swallow, he added, “It was my wife who discovered it. By accident.”

He shuddered at how effortlessly the wife had entered the scene, and wanted to change the subject, out of fear or shame. It was too early for her to take shape between the two of them. But the man continued.

“She was lying on the floating mattress, half asleep. The current took her there.”

He seemed determined to bring her into the conversation. He was creating a stage setting for her, rich in suggestive detail, almost forcing the other to visualize her drowsing in the sun, one arm trailing through the water. 

What had she been thinking about as she floated on the clear sea? The death of the husband who was now recalling her to life?

He examined the man closely. He wore a scuffed pair of tennis shoes, shorts, and a T-shirt. The man was older than he had imagined a few months ago, when he had framed him in his lenses. He decided they were about the same age.

The man pulled his chair closer to the fire, poured himself another shot, and passed the bottle to his companion. He then asked how he spent his time on the island, and what he did for a living. Learning that he was a writer, the man seemed interested. His gaze, however, remained distant, veiled.

So he told him about the book of short stories he had just finished, knowing full well that his words were being lost in the shadows of the night. As he spoke, he thought about the woman, and how best to bring her back into the conversation.

For a moment, she had allowed herself to appear, exposing her warm, salty skin and graceful body to the universe. Then, as if by magic, she had left the scene again. Now she swayed between fire and breeze, life and death. Waiting. 

At some point they would have to face her. But when? The man was gazing at the ocean. There before them, in the space the moon was just beginning to illuminate, they had dined together for the last time. Did he remember in detail what had happened that night? 

An unexpected thought flashed through his mind: The caretaker had talked.

The caretaker had talked. . . . Alerted by his wife and children, he had mentioned to his boss that a stranger had visited the property. Odd, his interest in the sailboat, the caretaker had probably said. Odder still, the intensity with which he had reacted to the news of the accident involving the boss’s wife. And what about the lie regarding the car’s breakdown? His kid had followed the stranger all the way to the main road—the car was fine.

Intrigued, the husband had asked around. At the gas station near his property. In the marinas where his boat sometimes docked. He had grown convinced that someone was on his trail. Who could it be? And why?

At first, he must have thought it was the police. Maybe an extra zealous inspector or a private detective. But as the months went by, he had discarded that possibility—and gone further back in time. He had returned to that night on the island when he and his wife had dined on the deck of the Albatross. Gradually, sifting through every detail of that night, he had come to the singular cry that had pierced the silence.

The man’s eyes were fixed on his. He heard him murmur, “I always did like short stories. . . .”

His words sounded calm enough, conspiratorial, almost sleepy. But they came from far, far away. “Even as a boy I liked to read.”

The other woke from his torpor, realizing that they had both been silent for some time. The man was in no hurry. But now he was inviting him to continue.

“Well, I didn’t,” he replied casually. “I wasn’t interested in literature until I was much older.”

Night was falling, the bottle almost empty—it was time for the woman to reappear. He decided to escort her through the wings and bring her onstage.

“I started writing through the influence of a girlfriend. Later we married. When she left me, many years later, the passion remained.”

“For your stories.” The other chuckled.

“For my stories,” he confirmed.

And mentally he thanked his ex-wife for coming to his aid. In her honor, he added a specific detail. “Her name was Regina.”

“Was?” the other asked.

He hadn’t blinked. Nothing seemed to escape his attention. Depending on the role he had played in his wife’s death, it was entirely possible he was bent on violence.

The discovery, softened by the brandy, made him dizzy. The feeling was not altogether unpleasant. Could he be drunk? He felt somehow invulnerable. His island had become a huge parchment, where many stories could be written in arabesques of fire. If the man chose to postpone the rituals ordained for that particular night, he would insist the man continue. He would force him to, if necessary. He wasn’t afraid of death. Moreover, he had an advantage over him: He had saved his life. Surely the gods couldn’t be indifferent to that.

Taking a deep breath, he repeated the verb that still echoed between them. “And your wife, what was her name?”

The words hung suspended in the air. His heart was pounding. He swallowed the rest of his drink in one gulp.

The other, shaking his head pensively, seemed not to have heard. Was he leaning over the ocean once again, watching his wife disappear under the waves?

He stared hard at the man, knowing that he was witnessing a decisive moment in the life of a human being. As he watched, an emotion sprang up from the ground between them, almost palpable. A second theory took shape in his mind, less dramatic, more complex. 

Then he understood. And when he saw tears running down the other’s face, he was not surprised. The man knew nothing about him. He had come back simply to relive, on the island, the last night he had spent with her. This was the cloak he had chosen for the occasion—this mantle of sadness. Whatever had happened on the sailboat, the man was innocent. The despair the caretaker’s son had witnessed, now clearly written all over the wrinkled face, was eloquent proof of that.

“I’m sorry,” the other said finally, his trembling hand wiping the tears from his face.

 He, too, was deeply moved. So much so that he hardly understood what happened next. The man had drawn a pistol from his pocket.

“I’m sorry,” he repeated sadly, as if he deeply regretted what he was about to do.

They stood up slowly, each haunted on opposite sides of the fire. He turned toward the sea, aware that the woman awaited him. An instant before the shot, he heard her voice.

“Corelli . . .”

The bullet hit him. Smiling, he slumped slowly down as the man fired again.

7 Books That Complicate Stories About the South

Writing about the South is difficult; it requires perceiving truth where truth has been obfuscated and redacted, and it requires research—whether personal, communal, or historical—to capture a region that is more rooted in its specific “placeness” than most places are. In his essay entitled “Southings,” Thomas Dai writes that “Southern identity is perceived by most to be marooned in the before times, somewhere betwixt Civil War and Civil Rights.” This stagnacy in the perceived identity of a region that sprawls across eleven, twelve, even sixteen states (depending on who you ask) ultimately means that writing about the South requires the desire and ability to peel away a film that flattens the textured beliefs, experiences, and desires of Southerners–those who bear the brunt of negative stereotypes about the region. 

But writing about the South isn’t just about addressing the misconceptions of outsiders. One must also possess the ability to see beauty, worth, and humanity where we have been taught that these qualities do not exist. As a result, the books on this list contain varied evocations of life in a largely misunderstood region: dark soil fertilized with bodily fluids, mouthfuls of tea sweetened with heaping spoonfuls of sugar, women wielding other-worldly knowledge, tourist-clogged beaches, fragrant thunderstorms rolling in over mountains, floodwater rising and swirling, the slap of sandals on simmering pavement, protests rippling through city streets, kitchen windows peering out over nourishing gardens, thick tendrils of fiery religiosity all slithering up toward the same God. These books, each of which adds a new texture, layer, and contradiction to the story of what the South really is, will resonate with readers who love and live in deeply complex, complicated places. 

Make Your Way Home by Carrie R. Moore

In Carrie R. Moore’s debut, Black men and women work to understand painful histories, repressive traditions, and find belonging. Through stories dealing with religion, pregnancy, marriage, and ancestry, Moore builds a collection of characters and ideas that represent the unique experiences of Black Southerners. The narratives in Make Your Way Home are tinged with social, cultural, and environmental horrors, but they take time to revel in the complexity and diversity of the South.

Once a City Said edited by Joy Priest 

A poetry anthology orchestrated in response to the repression, brutality, and segregation cemented in the foundation of Louisville, Kentucky, Once a City Said uplifts poetic voices to tell the multifaceted story of a Southern city. These poems are exacting meditations on the way it feels to live in a unique, diverse place that values tourism and status quo over the wellbeing of its citizens. 

Southernmost by Silas House 

Garth Greenwell calls Southernmost a “novel of painful, finally revelatory awakening, of fierce love and necessary disaster.” Opening in the midst of a flood of biblical proportions, Southernmost is a story about destruction, prejudice, and forgiveness that follows Asher, an evangelical preacher, as he endures a crisis of faith. As the narrative unfolds, it demonstrates the propensity for change that is possible in the South, how it has the potential to become a place that celebrates and protects its most vulnerable populations. 

Revival Season by Monica West 

Revival Season opens as the Horton family, armed with the word of God, travels toward Georgia to lead healing services for the sick and injured. An intricate novel about the complications of religion, money, power, and faith, this debut is propelled by a profoundly interesting narrator and captivating writing. West investigates and analyzes the treatment of women within an evangelical, Southern space and crafts a depiction of the Bible Belt that is both critical and compassionate. 

Men We Reaped by Jesmyn Ward 

Men We Reaped is Ward’s memoir about how and why five Black men in her life died in just four years. It’s a narrative about the way the lives of Black American Southerners are thoroughly tainted by the systemic deaths of Black men. The book offers a powerful perspective on the dilemma of loving a place while being irreparably hurt by it. Ward writes: “I knew there was much to hate about home, the racism and inequality and poverty which is why I left, yet I loved it.”

The Vanishing Half by Brit Bennett

This novel is a stunning exploration of colorism stemming from the traumatic legacy of slavery. How do societal forces shape our understandings of ourselves and others? What does it mean when a Black person is not perceived to be Black? The Vanishing Half follows the separate journeys of light-skinned twin sisters born in the Jim Crow South. With deep consideration of the intricacies of racial identity, Bennett’s second novel is infused with compelling themes, lush prose, and a valuable discussion about passing. 

Gay Poems for Red States by Willie Edward Taylor Carver Jr.

In the preface to Gay Poems for Red States, Carver writes that he hopes to make a space for dreaming through storytelling. This poetry collection comes from the desperate hope for a stable future harbored by so many queer individuals from the South. It is hope that allows these heartfelt poems to confront the homophobia that simmers beneath a veneer of Southern hospitality.