A Deaf Manifesto on Motherhood

At age 12, Sara Nović went deaf, but not all at once. First, she lost the wind, then the dripping of a leaky faucet, and then certain consonants. She writes in her memoir, “What is a mother tongue, and how do you get one? What if your mother has no tongue? What if you have no mother?” 

For much of her adolescence, Nović masked both her disability and her queerness, until an experience of spiritual humility led her to claim not only her deafness, but Deafness: the political act, the community. The book’s raison d’etre seems to be about honoring that experience, resisting erasure, and changing the sociopolitical landscape to be one that celebrates difference, rather than trying to stamp it out. Nović takes on the history of deaf ableism in America, including Alexander Graham and the invention of the telephone, as well as the Oralist movement, which grew out of a white supremacist Christian nationalist vision of America. An advocate for the disability community (check out her Instagram!), she pushes hard against threats facing the Deaf community: the closing of Deaf schools and the supplanting of ASL for cochlear implants, the dangers of medical documents being translated into myriad languages but rarely ASL, the suspicion that someone like her will give birth to a deaf child and their misguided, solipsistic hope that she won’t. But the book is also a tender examination of family, touching on Novic’s pregnancy and the sleepless nights when her first child S was inconsolable and she’d have to belt out her own rendition of “Take Me Home, Country Roads.” It ends, touchingly, on her adoption of her second son, K, a deaf child in Thailand living in an orphanage, and who lights up when he finally learns to sign. This crip-queer memoir, which reads as a Deaf manifesto on motherhood, shows us how far we have to travel to claim ourselves. 

Over late-night Google Doc, Nović and I discussed being in Deaf community, motherhood, and her work as a disability advocate.


D/Annie Liontas: Is Mother Tongue a queer, Deaf manifesto about motherhood? 

Sara Nović: I think it kind of is! It didn’t start out that way; it started out as a series of letters to my sons. The subject matter became more expansive as I realized how each part of my own identity, and theirs, was inextricable from the next, but the intimacy of the original drafts remains. I think intimacy is an overlooked component of a manifesto, too—people hear the word and expect some big, sweeping, shouty ideas, but really the emotional power comes from its specificity, just like it does in fiction. Ultimately I think “manifesto” is the perfect word, because nothing has radicalized me more than parenthood. 

D/AL: I love that you are claiming intimacy as essential to a manifesto—and I can feel that coming through in the writing, especially when you’re sharing your experiences in adolescence.

You confess that you concealed your deafness for a long time, even from those closest to you, until you were in college. As someone living with a brain injury, this kind of masking is very familiar to me, especially when it comes to family, school, the workplace. Can you talk about the experience of passing and what it took to overcome the impulse to hide? What did it require to insist that the world meet you as you are?

SN: It’s so interesting talking about this book to folks, because the notion of passing or trying to hide my deafness seems to confound nondisabled people, but most disabled people get it right away (and have their own similar stories). But of course disabled people try to hide in a society that also actively tries to push out and segregate disabled people, where disability is stigmatized, even criminalized. It takes a lot to unlearn that. One of the most effective ways to dissolve that internalized ableism is to be in community with other disabled people, which I think is why certain rehabilitative programs and workers going back to AG Bell were and are so keen to keep us apart from one another. When we stop believing something is wrong with us, it makes their job of “fixing” us or getting us to comply with norms much harder.

I think intimacy is an overlooked component of a manifesto.

The other thing is that trying to pass is exhausting. There’s a moment in the book where I sing to S after not having sung for a long time, and in that moment it was purely a move of desperation. But out of that experience, I was then able to think about how I had been trying to compartmentalize my identities in a way that wasn’t serving me. I often say my kids radicalized me, and I think a lot of parents feel this way, that an investment in our better selves, and a better future, gets extremely real when you have kids. But also the kids wear me out! I don’t have the time or energy to dedicate toward masking for the comfort of other people anymore—which is ultimately for the better.

D/AL: You write beautifully about a moment in a church service when you move from identifying as deaf to identifying as Deaf. You describe it as a conversion. What has claiming deafness and the Deaf community brought into your life? 

SN: I think the metaphor of conversion worked for this moment not because it happened in a church, or not only that, but because there was an element of spiritual humility that had to happen for me to cross into Deafness. I had to admit that I had nothing to lose and no idea what I was doing and put my trust in something bigger than myself, which in my case was the Deaf community, but certainly parallels how a lot of people come into spirituality and religion. 

Being a part of the Deaf community has enriched my life greatly. It has given me a linguistic and cultural home wherever I go. Especially in those early days before the internet as we know it today, I became fast friends with folks with vastly different interests, careers, and life experiences simply because we were linked by language and happened to be in the same city. I really love that about the deaf world, that feeling of home inherent to the language. 

D/AL: In “This Be the Verse,” your faith runs up against your queerness. You say that what you hated most about church was the dresses, “a sensation I wouldn’t be able to explain for another 30 years—like my skin was trying to flip itself inside out.” In one scene, you write about being at a youth group event—almost like a nightclub—which included fiery sermons and graphic depictions of the crucifixion. In that moment, you prayed for God to cure you of your queerness. Looking back, what do you wish younger Sara had understood at that time not only about herself, but how evangelical theology functions as a praxis of white Christian supremacy and ableism?

SN: There’s so much I wish I knew back then about the way people’s inherent need for connection and spirituality is manipulated by organized religion. I really left the links between the Church and white supremacy, racism, ableism—or any of the ways people use others’ faith as a way to wrest power—completely unexamined, and whether that was because I was slow on the uptake, or because deep inside I feared what I would find, I’m not really sure. I was pretty incapacitated by my own guilt and fear. That’s the thing I would tell Past Sara if I could—that you don’t have to be afraid or feel guilty for breaking some set of arbitrary and very tenuous “rules” with your existence. You don’t have to get back in that line every summer and pray the “cure” takes this time.

You also don’t need organized religion to be a good person, or even to follow the teachings of the gospel if you’re into that. I think we’re seeing that particularly right now, the behavior of the hardline Christian right or the megachurch industry has very little to do with the actual teachings of Jesus, and a lot more to do with hoarding money and control.

D/AL: There is so much Deaf history in these pages. Alexander Graham Bell used science and the invention of the telephone as a way to advance a white supremacist Christian nationalist vision of America, even as he relied on ASL on his deathbed to communicate his final wishes. “He understood that to exterminate a culture, one must come for the language. . . . and campaign for the removal of ASL from deaf schools.” What is his legacy and that of other oralists, and what do you think is required to take down such historical heroes and mythologies?

SN: Bell’s legacy is fascinating because it is still so prevalent throughout the fields of deaf education, speech therapy, audiology today. Many people see him as the father of this world-changing pedagogy that gets deaf kids to talk. And he is that, but not in the way people tend to think. Bettering deaf education and speech therapy wasn’t necessarily Bell’s goal—maybe it was a piece of it, and certainly the deaf education space was what he had access to given his father’s and grandfather’s work in the field. But ultimately his intent in deaf education doesn’t even matter, because the reality is that his pedagogy became the vehicle through which he could most effectively proliferate his xenophobia and ideas about eugenics. 

Being a part of the Deaf community has given me a linguistic and cultural home wherever I go.

Some people, I think, are truly ignorant about Bell’s love of eugenics. Others know a little and want to fight about it. A friend of mine got into hot water with some moneymen at their university for saying Bell was a eugenicist, for example. Sirs, he was literally the honorary president of the Second International Congress of Eugenics! Optimistically, maybe this combativeness about his legacy is actually a good sign, because it means folks know on some level that what they’ll find at the root of Bell’s work is morally reprehensible. Deaf and disabled folks and allies have to be able to speak to that gut instinct. Money would also help. The oralist lobbies are very powerful.

D/AL: The raison d’etre of this book—the tender heart of it—seems to be about your experience with motherhood. You write lovingly about singing S, your firstborn, to sleep, as well as the joy you felt when he signed his first word (“finished”). How has motherhood surprised you? Opened up the world in a different way for you?

SN: It’s probably not a surprise that watching my kids learn and play with language has been the most magical part of parenthood for me. It’s like nerd Disneyland to get to watch language acquisition in real time. Being a parent has also changed the way I use language. When signing with adults, I think we increasingly have a tendency to fall back on the manual alphabet to spell difficult concepts, but that just doesn’t work as well with small children. You really have to embody your words and ideas, and that practice has in turn made me think about those words differently, and also made me more confident in my own use of the language, in my own body. That’s something I’ve always loved about ASL, and it’s magnified when you’re with kids.

Parenthood has remade me in the usual ways, in that it has irrevocably shifted my priorities. I think sometimes writers with kids project a layer of bravado about how they protect their writing time or how having a family doesn’t interfere with their career as a Serious Writer, and I get the impulse, but for me, having kids absolutely has changed my writing and my career, sometimes in ways that are hard, but often in great ways.

D/AL: You relay, very relatably, the anxieties around being a parent of an infant during the pandemic, especially after contracting COVID in the early days. Add to this that, as a Deaf person, you were fielding judgments and biases from the people and systems that were meant to support you. “How many strangers wanted to know, would I hear the baby cry?” Can you talk about the challenges you faced, and still face as a deaf mother from strangers and medical professionals?

SN: As you’ve probably experienced yourself, I think nondisabled folks really go one of two ways when they’re interacting with a disabled person: Either they panic and try to disengage as quickly as possible (having been told their whole lives “look away!”), or they really feel free to say the quiet part out loud. While the former is uncomfortable, they’re still bringing vulnerability to the table. The latter group I find frustrating, because they’re more set in their ideas about disability, so much so that they expect us to agree with them when saying ableist stuff to our faces. These are the, “I would kill myself if I couldn’t listen to music” folks and the “don’t worry, your kid probably won’t be messed up like you” people; they assume that we find only a deficit in our disability, and that there’s no other way to look at it, so they feel comfortable saying so aloud.

The microaggressions can be tiring, but larger biases in the education and medical fields are actually dangerous. Because of a lack of trust of the medical view of deafness and disability, deaf folks as a population typically wait until the last minute to go to the doctor, and end up in the ER more frequently and with worse outcomes. There are some real horror stories in the book, but it makes sense, too—why would deaf folks trust a system bent on our eradication? And then when we do get there, desperate, there are so many barriers to access. Hospitals and doctors’ offices are often the worst offenders of not providing interpreters, and that can mean dire consequences. (People asked me how The Pitt’s representation of a deaf person’s hospital visit was, and I kept saying, “Well, they forgot about her for a few hours, so that’s very authentic!”)

Another thing I’ve noticed is that whenever I take K to a medical appointment, healthcare workers assume the interpreter request is for him, and can’t really wrap their heads around the interpreter being for both of us. For a while I thought they just weren’t used to seeing two deaf people in the same room, which is maybe still true, but given the broader experiences I’ve had in dealing with the school system, I think the bigger problem is that people don’t expect or trust disabled people to be parents.

D/AL: You and your husband decided to adopt your second son, K, who is deaf and was living in an orphanage in Thailand. Can you take us through that monthslong journey of becoming K’s parents—from the application process to the delays with the state department to your first meeting?

SN: We came to the adoption process backwards from most people. More commonly people know that they want to adopt, and they fill out all the forms and get the required background checks and are placed in a queue, waiting for long periods to be matched with a child. Often these adoption journeys start because of fertility problems within the adoptive family, and those families are frequently looking to adopt babies.

Parenthood has radicalized me, in a time when being radicalized has never been more necessary.

But none of that applied to us. We had been discussing adoption because Z is adopted and had always wanted to adopt a child, too, but the decisive point for us was really learning about K himself. K was part of a population known as “waiting children”kids over age two, often disabled or coming from difficult medical or social/emotional circumstances, whose placement options with relatives or in their country of origin have already been exhausted. His profile noted that he was deaf and had some other medical concerns, and for me being able to provide him with sign language access—something most deaf and hard-of-hearing kids don’t get in their homes even in the best of circumstances—outweighed some of the trepidation I had about the more nefarious nature of the adoption industry. It doesn’t ameliorate the harm and trauma that is inherent to adoption, but I am also a pragmatist, and at the end of the day I don’t think it makes sense to leave disabled kids in an orphanage with no home of reunification or in-country adoption just to prove a point. So we applied to adopt K, specifically, and worked in reverse.

The process was really grueling, and made worse by COVID, and a UPS nightmare that led to all our documents getting lost en route to the State Department. During the delta surge we lost contact with the orphanage for over six months, and when we did finally hear from them, their report was filled with stories of how traumatized the kids were from lockdown. For my part, the whole time I was panicking about the ways in which K was missing out on language, as it can become exponentially difficult to acquire language outside what’s called the “critical window,” from birth to around age five. By the time we met K he was months away from turning five, and he tested as having the language of an 18-month-old. Because of ASL, he was able to catch up quickly, in both signed language and now in spoken language, too. But it haunts me, thinking of how close he came, and how many other kids might be out there languishing in institutions at risk of permanent brain damage, when all they need is sign. 

D/AL: Your sons, S and K, are very close. You’ve shared with me that, at times, they share their own private language of sign, and even teach you words. Can you tell us about the moment that, anticipating K’s arrival, S signed his name?

SN: We are so lucky that S and K took to one another right away. They’re a real odd couple, opposites in many ways, and they both challenge and support each other. 

Before K was here, we had a picture of him on the fridge, and S would talk to him all the time. That was why K has a relatively generic sign name—not necessarily based on a personality trait like many sign names are—because we were always talking to and about him before we even met. S used to try and feed the photo spoonfuls of oatmeal, or he would express worry about how K didn’t have a coat on in Thailand. Across the ocean, we’d sent K a book of photos of family members and different rooms in the house and places we’d go in the city, so they were thinking about one another even years before we were together.

Later, when K came home, he learned sign and then started speaking English. Almost no one could understand his speech, but S always, always knew exactly what he was saying and interpreted for him. And K is kind of the same for S in a physical and social way—S is much more cautious and nervous about the way he moves through the world, and K is the ultimate wingman.

D/AL: What has it meant to you to make that space for them? To make this family? 

SN: Parenthood is the best part of my life. Being a parent forces me to be present in my body and in the world in ways I just wasn’t before. Parenthood has radicalized me, in a time when being radicalized has never been more necessary. I think sometimes writers are cornered into talking about how they write despite their kids, or how having a family makes writing harder. And that’s true, but I also think I write because of them, and I write better because of them. I see the world like it’s brand new every day. There’s really nothing better for a fiction writer than that. 

For These Poets, Feral Girl Summer Is an Eternal State of Mind

The year 2022 gave us #feralgirlsummer, which morphed into #bratgirlsummer in 2024 and then #messygirlsummer by 2025—all howls against the curated perfection of a hot girl summer. Chaos. Freedom. Truth with its crop top unbuttoned. Going beyond hashtags, these eras represent a refusal to be domesticated by societal expectations. Feral girlhood is a state of mind accessible to anyone who claims agency over their life. While we don’t yet know this year’s moniker, trust the feral girl will live on.

I experienced my first feral girl summer in 2023 by trading my bikini waxes, bleach-and-tones, and spray tans for a pen and paper. It was the year I wrote the first draft of my debut poetry collection, A Little Feral, though I didn’t know it would be titled that at the time. All I knew was that I wanted to write toward the grime, the grit, and the gall. I started posting some of my poems on my Instagram, and my DMs overflowed with folks connecting over our shared mess. I discovered a feeling I haven’t been able to let go of since: baring the worst of myself and having someone take it, hold it, and say,  I see you—and then, remarkably, not unfollowing me. Perhaps leaning into this rebellion is what Ocean Vuong means by “embracing the cringe.” Is there any other way to truly be ourselves? 

In the seven poetry collections below, you’ll find verses that could never be contained by a perfectly curated grid. These poets are stomping where others are tiptoeing, celebrating the imperfect, often rough sides of ourselves we’ve been taught to file down. Less focus on being palatable. Even less on asking permission. Poems from these collections are one-way tickets to the most honest, untamed version of our lives.

Is This My Final Form? by Amy Gerstler

Amy Gerstler’s fourteenth book of poetry is a collection of shape-shifting poems that thrive in contradiction and obsession. Fluidity and agency are themes in these poems, so much so that the entire collection feels a bit like being on a rocking ship. What this collection of poems seems to dig at is the permanence or expectation of change. The speakers in Gerstler’s poems refuse to settle into a single, legible self and instead are floating, transforming, and cackling in delight between poems. Gerstler writes in a persona poem from the POV of a bird: “The best parts / about being a bird were absence of shame.”

A Bit Much by Lyndsay Rush

A Bit Much is a humorous debut collection with maximalist, ferocious vibes (think leopard-print pants if poems had an outfit). In fact, throw in some glitter hoop earrings while you’re at it. For the poetry lover and the non-poetry lover alike, this book is full of surprise, delight, and aha moments. With poem titles like “Someone to Eat Chips With,” “Maybe Crocs are Okay,” and “Wet n Wild Geese,” Rush insists that saying the quiet part loud is how we survive womanhood, parenting, and the patriarchy. A Bit Much is a sparkly, defiant invitation to embrace your loudest, messiest, “a-bit-much” self.

Let Go With the Lights On by Lexi Pelle

Lexi Pelle’s wit is as sharp as her line breaks in Let Go With The Lights On. These poems explore the friction between ex-Catholic girlhood and the modern world. With a voice as candid as it is clever, Pelle reckons with the heavy (and sometimes sexy) intersections of faith, desire, and beauty. These poems offer a refreshing and poignant look at what it means to move through the world while still carrying the leftovers of a religious past. She writes, “the idea that someone somewhere could look / at a picture of me from the shoulders up / and think I was naked and be wrong about me.” Pelle’s debut challenges writers to look their shame in the eye without trembling.

the past is a jean jacket by Cloud Delfina Cardona

the past is a jean jacket is a gritty, tender scrapbook of queer, Latinx adolescence set against a backdrop of indie bands, cigarettes, and late-night longing. In the titular poem, Cardona writes, “sometimes / i’m so lonely / i practice / small talk / in my car.” I love how Cardona uses white space and harsh enjambment to create pauses and a heavy breathiness in her poems, almost as if the speaker is winded while reciting them. These verses document the frantic, unpolished pulse of youth shimmering with the heat of South Texas. Cardona’s poems yearn, and they don’t apologize for it.

When the Horses by Mary Helen Callier 

Rather than treating memory as a static or perfect record or archive, Callier uses theater to investigate the fluidity and ever-changing nature of our memories. When the Horses is a poetry collection that feels like parting the curtains of your own imperfect, fleeting life. In “The Broken Steps,” she writes, “The last night I tried to touch you / I mouthed your name to the door of your back.” Surprising diction like this persists throughout the book. Though some liken her work to walking through a haunted house, I find it carries a deeper, hypnotic quality—almost akin to sleepwalking in a feral state before waking.

Wound from the Mouth of a Wound by torrin a. greathouse

This award-winning poetry collection writes the body as both a site of scarring and a source of song. greathouse writes structural poems that meet at the intersection of disability, transness, and trauma. With their invented form, the burning haibun, they invite the reader to reconsider letting the world aestheticize pain, offering instead a powerful reclamation of identity and resilience. The burning haibun form offers up an opportunity for the reader to watch greathouse’s poems “burn” away on the page. By eroding the narrative, these erasures mimic how trauma destroys memory while exposing a sharper, more honest survival story.

Dead Girl Cameo by m. mick powell

In Dead Girl Cameo, m. mick powell moves beyond mere eulogy to interrogate the spectacle of Black girlhood and the violence of the public gaze. The collection feels less like a traditional book of poems and more like a curated, cinematic haunt. In “dead girl chorus” they write, “i understand what I cannot love most: girl dead twenty-two / feet from the aircraft, balded by its brutal flame.” powell navigates the heavy static of archived trauma and ancestral ghosts with diction that is bold enough to raise fear from the dead. These poems are grief and celebration, slow dancing together.

A Debut Novel Where Plastic Surgery Obscures and Reveals a Mother’s True Self

I read Sarah Wang’s debut novel New Skin while still contemplating my own escape from postpartum depression. I call it escape because the mental gymnastics I had to perform to endure the asylum that was my mind—which involved blocking my own mother’s capricious “care”—in order to survive my ordeal was nothing short of miraculous. Like Linli’s mother, Fanny, my mother is obsessed with and conscious of beauty and society’s standards and aesthetics, though unlike Fanny, she is not obsessed with plastic surgery. Needless to say, I found in this novel a reflection of an often invisible view of a dysfunctional mother-daughter relationship, built on Fanny’s concept of motherhood. As she says, “mothers must always be a slave to their children.” She even adds, “There is no way out. You think I don’t wish for a way out everyday?”

New Skin is a satirical exploration of the obsession with the beauty industry, particularly with cosmetic surgery. At its core, however, the novel is about the fraught mother-daughter relationship of Fanny and Linli. Fanny tells yarns believing that she is making things better by transforming her face and that this is the course of evolution. She believes this course of evolution applies to her body as well—that the original should be augmented. But beneath this facade is also the performance of appearing to be loving and caring, especially during the America’s Beauty Extreme reality show segments where Fanny, in her desire to win, performs the most human and truthful versions of herself. Fanny’s obsession with plastic surgery began long before her daughter became conscious of it, when she was trying to fit in to survive. This is a different kind of immigrant and assimilation novel where evolution from immigrant to citizen is an involution of maternal debris, returning to the site of motherhood: the body.

I met Sarah in 2021 while we were both attending Tin House Workshop (now The McCormack Center) online. In this interview, Sarah and I talked over Zoom and e-mail about the mother-daughter relationship, therapy, colonialism, and hauntings.


Cherry Lou Sy: New Skin is such a different immigration/assimilation novel. Forgive me if I’m being too forward in classifying the novel that way. Even though a lot of the marketing is about the satirical and absurdist nature of the beauty industry through the lens of this mother-daughter relationship, eventually Fanny’s immigration story as well as her assimilation story are revealed. Was this intentional? How did this book start? Were you trying to do an assimilation story, or was it always a mother-daughter story? 

Sarah Wang: The mother-daughter story is the heart of the novel. I think of the plastic surgery and reality TV subplots as Trojan horses for delving into the issues that are most important to me: immigration and the lives of those who are undocumented, debt, class, and women’s labor. The book is told from Linli’s perspective, a second-generation immigrant who, like many in their mid-twenties, is trying to figure out how to go out into the world to be her own person. Part of that is understanding where she came from, which is in some ways mysterious to her. Many of my friends who are second-gen have similar experiences. Our parents don’t really talk about the past and what their lives were like when they immigrated. Maybe it’s cultural or maybe it’s because they don’t want to revisit traumatic histories. But this unknowing leaves a gap in our understanding of our own identities. And beyond that, what Linli also longs for is to know how the person closest to her, her mother Fanny, came to be the way she is—a disfigured plastic surgery addict who will do anything she can to get what she wants. So you’re right in reading the novel foremost as an immigration story. Linli and Fanny’s story is one defined by their experiences as second- and first-generation Chinese immigrants. The novel is definitely informed by my own desires and questions about my family history. 

CLS: I am interested in this idea of truth being presentational in this story. How does truth and fiction exist in the novel for you?

I think of the plastic surgery and reality TV subplots as Trojan horses for delving into the issues that are most important to me.

SW: The axis of truth and fiction is one of the novel’s main concerns. Linli doesn’t know who her father is or much about her mother’s life, except for these fragments of horrible stories that Fanny tells her. Despite these glimpses, Linli isn’t in possession of a cohesive narrative. On the reality TV show she sneakily auditions for, Fanny reveals some shocking stories, but it’s impossible to know if they’re true or if she’s just trying to win the competitive therapy sessions—which is the premise of the show, America’s Beauty Extreme. Fanny and her cohort are all botched plastic surgery victims competing in weekly group therapy challenges in a kind of death match to see who can make the most progress in the journey of healing. The contestants have to divulge traumatic stories in order to avoid elimination and out-therapy each other to win. Linli watches her mother on TV disclosing abortion attempts, criminal arrest, and living in the shadows as an undocumented immigrant. Linli doesn’t know whether this is true or not and neither do we. But she finds documents stashed deep inside her mother’s drawers that disclose a horrific part of Fanny’s past as an undocumented immigrant and her extraordinary path to citizenship. Readers, along with Linli, have to decide how to contend with not knowing if Fanny’s presentation—as you say—on reality TV is to be believed or not. Real life is similar in that we also have to figure out how to accommodate contradictions. If you ask different people in your family about what happened in the past, they’ll often have different accounts, or even discount that something ever happened. Who do you believe? Sometimes we have to hold space for multiple truths and possibilities, the absence of certainty, and lack all at the same time.

CLS: That’s so interesting because the stereotype in Asian culture is that we always think the elders know best, that we have to follow everything they say 100 percent etc. But in the book, the elder, Fanny, is an unreliable narrator of her history, at least in the story she tells her daughter, and this search for truth is what’s driving Linli. Do you think trauma makes unreliable narrators of people, and how is that reflected in this story?

SW: Fanny is an extreme person who does outrageous things to get what she wants. She manipulates people and tricks them—these are the skills that both ruin her daughter’s life and allow Fanny to be a tremendous competitor on America’s Beauty Extreme. But as wild as Fanny is, I’m not sure we can say she’s unreliable. She could be telling the truth. The way that traumatic memories are stored in the mind [differs from] other memories. They are extremely vivid and bodily. What if trauma made people reliable narrators?

CLS: How do immigrant women who are at the edges of society participate in or even want these black-market cosmetic procedures? They’re not safe, but they still participate in them. Why do you think there’s this obsession with that?

SW: People have the desire to keep up with whatever the latest trend is. Especially with globalization, the democratization of the internet, and virality of social media, the speed at which we want is accelerated, and therefore there’s also higher turnover. We want faster and we want more. Whether we’re wealthy or poor, there are things we all want and that are advertised to us in the same way. Beauty and youth are a mainstay; then it’s glass skin one season and turmeric pills the next. Cottage industries develop to make trends accessible. Just because you’re poor doesn’t mean you aren’t susceptible to wanting a Balenciaga bag. Just because you are undocumented and working in informal labor markets doesn’t mean you won’t want a facelift. The issue is that with fewer options and resorting to the black market to afford what many may want but few can buy, there are risks. That’s what poverty is often about, taking risks. Jumping the turnstile, not paying utility bills hoping that your lights will turn on when you get home, taking out loans and running up credit cards, getting Botox in a basement from someone who is not trained and with chemicals that are unsanctioned. These informal markets are fueled by the same desiring machines that capitalist systems demand, and subject to this speed, we’re just running on treadmills at inclines trying to keep up. We all want to have what everyone has and what we see around us and on our screens.But not everyone has the luxury of safety and support that comes with wealth.

Fanny’s mantra is: Look better, feel better, be better. Linli doesn’t care at all what she looks like. What she really cares about is having meaning and purpose in this world. That’s the privilege that Linli is afforded because she didn’t have to deal with the same kind of displacement as a second-generation immigrant. It’s not a condemnation of Fanny, though. It’s a condemnation of society and the ways in which society pressures people and women and immigrants.

CLS: In Asian culture, therapy isn’t traditionally considered a necessary treatment. It’s seen as very Western, invasive, and even self-indulgent. But it’s so important in the novel that you even use a psychologist’s words in your epigraph. I actually had to look up the psychologist that you quoted. Can you talk about this idea of mental health and therapy in your book?

We all want to have what everyone has and what we see around us and on our screens.

SW: I have been in psychoanalysis for 16 years, which at this point has just become a way of life for me. The role of psychoanalysis in my life is mostly a practice of noticing what I say and how I’m saying it, as well as understanding what I’m communicating to myself. This language isn’t just relegated to speech; it’s also written in mistakes, repetitions, interpersonal dynamics. People get into the same relationships over and over again. Why? What are you reenacting? All this is to say that I think my book is really an exploration from beginning to end of all of these different things. What do Fanny and Linli want? What do they want from each other and what do they want for themselves but can’t seem to achieve? Desire is confusing because on the surface, Fanny seems like she just wants to be beautiful but she ends up being the exact opposite. Like the Winnicott quote, “It is a joy to be hidden and a disaster not to be found,” Fanny is endlessly thrilled to be getting plastic surgery and hiding inside of her face, but she’s also in pain and needs help. She has had a lot to be very upset about, and the territory of her face is somewhere for her to express herself. The text is written on her body. Linli says she wants to get away from her mom and have her own life, yet she can’t seem to leave. Through her job working at a community clinic, which is called Another Horizon, she finds a foothold. 

Another Horizon is based on the Crime Victims Treatment Center in Manhattan. People can get individual and group therapy there; legal services related to asylum, immigration, and orders of protection for survivors of domestic violence; art therapy, acupuncture, and narrative therapy. They offer a way forward—to heal. Healing can happen in a community with support, by learning, and through the imagination. When Linli is able to imagine different possibilities about what her mother’s life was like as an undocumented immigrant experiencing hardship and possible violence, she is confronting the unexplainable and unknowable. Among other things, therapy in New Skin is about how we might imagine through storytelling, poetry, psychedelic hallucinations, and dreams.

CLS: There’s a lot of haunting that happens in the book. There’s the haunting of history and there’s the haunting of Fanny’s face, especially because Linli remembers the image of her original face. Can you talk about that?

SW: I love that you classified Fanny’s old face as a haunting because it is true that it haunts Linli. There is this kind of haunting, then the haunting of histories of war and displacement, and also haunting as an act of subterfuge in the novel too—what Fanny does to her competitors on the reality show. 

The people that we love the most in this world and that we’re closest to can be our hardest relationships.

Maybe it’s a good time for me to talk about this actually, especially with you as another Asian, how I wanted to use the reality show as a direct kind of transcription of my experience and the experiences of other Asian people around the world being scapegoated during Covid. There really was nothing we could do to resist or counter being blamed for a global pandemic. We could post, we could do mutual aid, but the world still needed to locate a villain for their suffering. We had to take it. If somebody yelled at us in the street, we just had to go home. What else could we do except that and hide? But for Fanny, because she’s a fictional character, I wanted her to do something about being blamed for someone else dying on reality TV. She thinks: If you ascribe to me this power, then I’m going to harness it and use it against you to defeat my competitors who are also bullying me. She takes that power and subliminally infects these men, the two people who are left standing with her at the end, to her advantage. Haunting is also culturally significant. Chinese people, and also other cultures, use the supernatural to understand our lives and our history. Fanny, endlessly and enviably cunning as she is, uses her culture as a weapon to vanquish racists.

CLS: You were able to metabolize that really horrific time into something useful for the novel. What would you want readers to take from the book? 

SW: Fanny and Linli both learn and grow from being with each other and with the communities they start to become part of. The character DB says, “showing up is enough, sometimes.” He’s right, because showing up can lead to more. Other things happen when you show up. Fanny and Linli show up for each other in imperfect ways and they participate in their respective communities, the reality show and the community center. They start to learn and construe meaning, develop friendships, and understand the context in which they belong.

I hope that the accumulation of experience for them both can result in launching them into the next chapter of their lives, whatever that is. I hope the same thing for the reader as well. Real life is obviously much harder. The people that we love the most in this world and that we’re closest to can be our hardest relationships. I think, in a lot of cases, sticking with them and working through issues can be extremely productive and valuable. Not always, of course, but sometimes.

CLS: I know for myself as an Asian woman who has issues with my mom, this book really spoke to me.

SW: Thank you so much. It really is so meaningful to have another Asian woman read the book and to relate in this important way through shared dialogue.

His Girlfriend’s Love Is as Poisonous as a Mushroom

“Wild Food” by Jess Gibson

Sebastian saw Emily’s internet search history on the afternoon before the dinner party. When he’d checked his email on the desktop in their home study, the browser had been open. He always closed it himself, which cleared the cache. Total transparency in relationships was overrated, he felt. But Emily had simply left her windows on the screen, the Google searches right next to the risotto recipes. He’d always thought mushrooms tasted like mildew. How had she forgotten that?

He could have challenged her, but they’d already had some minor friction about the menu. Buying a dessert was fine, he’d said. It could make a dinner seem fancier, less haphazard; he was only trying to be helpful and he couldn’t imagine that she wanted to cook every single course. The weather was too hot to keep the oven on any longer than necessary. Moreover, he wasn’t sure she had the kind of sensual touch he associated with gourmet cooking. Because Emily worked longer hours, Sebastian usually prepared their meals, although she sometimes made bland, virtuous breakfasts: oats, spirulina protein shakes, egg white omelettes.

Emily had rebuffed his dessert suggestions—she had a culinary theme, she said—but asked if he’d mind going out for another bottle or two. Sebastian thought they had more than enough wine. They really should be buying a dessert, he said again, but Emily smiled firmly: “Sweetheart, there is nothing worse than a dinner party that runs out of booze.”

Don’t sweat the small stuff, Sebastian thought. He’d read somewhere that relationships survive not through single dramatic gestures but through daily acts of kindness. So he gave Emily a pat on the arm, slipped on his shoes, and descended the stairs two at a time into the humid summer street. The late-­afternoon sun cast a diffuse golden glow, and sex seemed to hang in the air like smoke—pairs of university students cluttered the sidewalk, their bodies taut as violin strings. None of the girls noticed Sebastian at all anymore, no matter how much he willed them to. He hadn’t been expecting to glide so quickly out of their orbit: aren’t older men supposed to be attractive? He walked slowly, watching the couples locked in embrace until a girl finally gave him a sharp look, the kind you’d give a pervert. He didn’t speed up, though: Emily wouldn’t become impatient if he was late. Impatience wasn’t in her nature. Her solid, dependable, reasonable nature.


Before Emily, Sebastian had always fallen in love with women who were easily upset and had urgent, sudden emotions. Electric, he’d thought, and feral. His friends had rolled their eyes, but Sebastian had believed that these girlfriends were good for his art. When they’d trapped him on street corners, arguing, their voices raised, mascara blacking their tears, Sebastian had felt calm and strong. There had been something invigorating about the way they’d seen everything as a matter of life and death. Especially when the fights had ended up in bed. Musicians, poets, fellow artists. They drank too much and left dirty dishes everywhere. They flirted inappropriately, they stayed out late, they didn’t give a fuck what people thought. And they often had short attention spans, which must have been why they’d broken up with Sebastian. Again and again. They weren’t cut out for commitment, he’d told himself.

Not like Emily. Emily was all tight skin, healthy flesh, and an orderly, efficient mind. You could almost see that mind alphabetized like a library when you looked into her eyes. She wore a wristwatch, paid her bills, and left for work punctually every morning at 8:15 a.m. She listened to TED talks on the subway, and had insisted that they get extra dental insurance because—she’d said—there was no guarantee you would never need a root canal. Sebastian had initially found it refreshing to wake and find her not sprawled across the bed in a chaos of limbs and the musk of discarded lingerie but rather showered and dressed, sitting in the kitchen doing the crossword. However he soon began wishing that they could spend weekends together with her clinging to him—a maenad whose hair hadn’t been blow-­dried and flat-­ironed—but Emily seemed to count sex as a type of irregularly scheduled exercise, part of healthy living. She certainly wouldn’t let it make her late for work, and she always got up immediately afterwards to pee because she didn’t want a bacterial infection.


Sebastian walked home slowly from the liquor store. The wine bottles clanked together despite the piece of cardboard the cashier had placed between them. The dinner party had been his idea: he’d thought they should start socializing more. His college friend Christopher, Monique from the artists’ book centre where he taught illustration classes, and Gabriella, a Brazilian painter he’d met at a gallery opening. To his surprise, Emily had loved the idea. She’d said it was the perfect excuse for her to take the foraging workshop she’d been interested in.

“You’re interested in foraging?” She’d never mentioned it before.

“Very interested,” she’d replied. “There are delicacies right out there in the park! Totally free from industrial agriculture.”

It was supposed to be a casual evening. He honestly hadn’t thought much about the guest list—simply the fact of other people warm and breathing in their dining room would be helpful—creative people, people he could talk to—but Emily insisted on micromanaging. Not only would she cook everything, she planned the seating in advance, asking him more than once why he’d invited Monique. She was a bit young for the group, wasn’t she? They’d be crowded at the table—even with three people seated on the bench—and wasn’t Monique just a work colleague? Of course, Sebastian said, but in the artistic sphere, work-­life boundaries were fluid.

He got in the door just as the guests entered, everybody talking at once. Monique was wearing a voluminous silk dress that hung off one dark shoulder and her eyelids were iridescent lilac, as if a kindergartner had gone at her with crayons. Sebastian thought it looked attractive: unusual cosmetics had been a hallmark of his girlfriends before Emily. Gabriella the painter kissed him on both cheeks, her lips dampening his skin, and Sebastian made introductions: Monique’s friend Paul, this is Christopher and his girlfriend Julie, and has everybody met Gabriella? Monique waved her fingers in greeting and Paul and Julie continued a conversation they’d been having on the way up. Just having them all in the room energized Sebastian.

Emily’s images reminded him of Surrealist automatic drawing, but they were less childlike and, he realized with a slight bitterness, very original.

Emily wasn’t really the creative type. Not that she didn’t have a kind of talent: a few months earlier she’d shown him a series of big drawings she must have been working on for some time, in secret. Intensely patterned fields of weird interlocking figures, woven through with plants and animals: mouths and limbs and leaves and feathers all twisted together. Nothing like Sebastian’s own work, which he described as neo-­conceptualism. Emily’s images reminded him of Surrealist automatic drawing, but they were less childlike and, he realized with a slight bitterness, very original. How had she made them?

She’d stood watching shyly while he studied them.

“Wow,” he said finally, shaking his head just slightly. “I had no idea you did this, Emily.”

“You don’t like them?” She’d looked unusually vulnerable.

“It’s not that.” Sebastian had tried to sound like a person being kind. “They’re very interesting. And I’m very impressed with how long you must have worked on them. But you’re not planning on exhibiting them or anything, right?”

She stared at him.

“Because the life of an artist is very hard. And anyway, you’re a fantastic archaeologist.” He’d grinned. “So why devote so much time to hobbies when you’re so great at your job?”

It was for her own good, he told himself afterwards.


Emily didn’t shake anybody’s hand. She waved stiffly from the stove where she was pouring water into the risotto, stirring hard with a wooden spoon. As the guests gathered in the kitchen and clinked glasses, she hefted the pot to the sink and ran the tap into it. Sebastian made small talk about summer weather, the beach, and his exciting new series of works on paper. Monique fluttered her glowing purple lids at him and told a story about swimming in the Mediterranean.

It was very hot in the kitchen. Gabriella the painter said that she hated air conditioning: it was always too cold, and so wasteful. Anyway, she said, perspiration cleansed the pores. Sebastian gave her an appreciative smile: sweat looked good on her, he thought. The guests began to fan themselves and when Sebastian picked up his glass, he found several fruit flies drowned in it.

Because Emily’s mushroom risotto kept sucking up liquid—more and more with a loud splatter of thick bubbles—everybody had to stand around in the kitchen eating olives. Sebastian poured another round.

“My God,” said Monique, looking at the gluey rice in mock horror. “Is it really supposed to do that?”

“Yes,” said Emily curtly.

By the time she ladled the rice into individual ramekins and topped them with slick yellow sautéed mushrooms, everyone was slightly drunk. Which Sebastian supposed was half the point of a dinner party, so he refilled the glasses. He went to help Emily pass around the risotto, but she stopped his hand. “No,” she said. “I’ll do that.”

Sliding onto the bench beside Monique, Sebastian jostled her and she laughed, pressing against him for balance. Her thick braid brushed his arm as she moved closer, near enough so that he could see the grain of her skin and the vellus hairs on her earlobe, an earlobe that he imagined sucking.

“What an interesting taste,” said Christopher.

“Wild mushrooms.” Emily smiled. “There’s such a great selection of fungi at this time of year—chanterelles, puffballs, meadow mushrooms, boletes—I was actually foraging a few days ago.”

“These mushrooms?” asked Christopher. “You picked them yourself?” He looked a bit worried.

Emily laughed. “Oh no,” she said. “I’m just a beginner. Most of these are from the farmers’ market. You really have to know what you’re doing with mushrooms. I stick with what I’m good at . . .” She met Sebastian’s eyes. The steam had flushed her cheeks, and her usually perfect hair clung damply to her neck.

“I think wild foods are fascinating,” said Monique.

“I think wild everything is fascinating,” said Sebastian recklessly.

“As opposed to boring,” said Emily. “Is that what you mean?”

Emily’s internet search had been about wild mushrooms—specifically the a-­Amanitin neurotoxins found in certain species of agarics that caused minor to fatal gastrointestinal and neurological disruptions. Archaeologists had speculated that several Nordic and Steppe cultures had used them as aphrodisiacs. “Don’t try this at home,” quipped a blogger. Probably she’d googled them to be doubly sure her ingredients were safe. Those mushroom guys at the market always looked a bit stoned.


After the penultimate girlfriend—the one before Emily—Sebastian had realized that his bounce-­back wasn’t as good as it’d once been. Single, he’d spent months watching crime shows on late-­night television and eating from cartons and having cereal for supper because the girlfriend, a photographer named Kiki, had taken most of the cooking pots. She was, he’d heard from friends, doing extremely well. Looking fantastic, they’d said, and she had two upcoming solo shows.

Sebastian had wondered if his tolerance for pain was wearing thin. Maybe he needed to make better choices about what kind of life he wanted to have. Maybe he was finally ready for something stable, affirming; a house, a dog, a partnership that lasted. Not some bursting-­into-­flames situation with broken dishware and midnight screaming. He’d started to compose online dating profiles in his head, using adjectives like “straightforward” and “mature,” whereupon Emily had appeared and saved him the trouble of filling out the forms.

They’d met at a conference in Los Angeles. Sebastian was there to take part in a panel discussion on illustrated artists’ publications and the status of books as objects in the era of digital technologies. He thought his participation would be a good career move, but nobody in the room seemed to fully grasp what he was talking about, nor were they interested in finding out. Which was fine because he hadn’t gone to art school to sit on fucking conference panels with a bunch of mid-­level apparatchiks.

The auditorium had featured a white drop ceiling perforated with black holes that had looked like negative stars. Sebastian had studied it instead of contributing to the discussion, which had continued without him. Afterwards he’d walked the carpeted halls aimlessly and had stood on a roof deck with some lone smokers, contemplating the blue-­tinged glass of high-­rise facades. He’d gone to Emily’s presentation because it was in the nearest room and he’d needed to sit down. When he slid into the back, Emily was blurry and far away, buttoned tight into a tailored navy jacket. She’d delivered a well-­organized paper on the role of forensic archaeology in Renaissance history. Above her on the screen was a picture of two blue-­gloved hands shaving bone samples into curls like grey cheese. Sebastian had closed his eyes and let the monotone of her voice run through him in the dark. Instead of the anxious thrill that usually accompanied his early moments of erotic interest, he’d felt sedated.


Emily stared across the table, her smile fixed, her gaze blank and inscrutable, and offered everybody more wine.

The dinner guests were discussing their apartments. Christopher and Julie had bought a place upstate and Julie was using a special kind of plaster on the walls imported from Europe because natural materials helped preserve the authentic historic character of the building. Christopher had done the windowsills himself with linseed oil paint. Emily stared across the table, her smile fixed, her gaze blank and inscrutable, and offered everybody more wine. The bottle neck dripped and a red trickle ran down her arm. She must have been slightly tipsy herself because she didn’t wipe it away.

“God,” said Christopher, “is it really hot in here?”

Sebastian let his leg rest casually against Monique’s thigh.


In the kitchen there were abandoned glasses, olive pits piled in cairns, and a mess of spilled risotto on the counter. Sebastian stood in the doorway and watched as Emily took two roast chickens out of the oven: they were huge, and their cooked flesh was swollen around the bikini suntans of their trussing cords. In the other room everybody laughed, Monique with a lovely throaty sound. Emily had tied the birds with neat loops of kitchen twine that she began to ease down the crisped skin like too-­tight pantyhose.

“Let me help you,” said Sebastian and tried to take her hands, which shone with grease in the low light, but she twitched away. Tucking some of the browned crumbs back inside the first chicken’s interior, Emily slid a knife under the twine and the bird’s legs fell abruptly outwards. Back at the table she carved thin ribbons of meat and spooned sauce and vegetables over each portion.

“What an unusual taste,” said Gabriella, pink tongue probing red lips. “Like licorice?”

“It’s an early American recipe,” said Emily, smiling graciously. “With cattail stems, wild yarrow, and fennel blossoms that I picked this morning.”

She ate very little, hardly touching her food at all, just pushing it around her plate, picking up her fork, putting it down. Sebastian had never seen her look so distracted. He drank some of the wine she’d poured for him, and the conversation washed over and around him. By the time Emily served a pavlova she’d decorated with purple flowers and a slightly bitter fruit sauce—local huckleberries and chokeberries, she said—he was starting to feel quite good. When he wiped the moisture from his brow with his napkin, his arm brushed Monique’s and neither of them moved away.


When the guests finally left, flushed with heat and wine, Sebastian and Emily stood in the kitchen. It still smelled of mushrooms and the cigarette Monique had smoked out the window. Emily turned on the overhead light, which was searingly bright, and suddenly Sebastian’s pulse felt like a foreign thing inside his chest, beating as if going downhill and picking up speed.

“That went fairly well, didn’t it?” Emily said as she began stacking plates.

“They certainly stayed late,” said Sebastian. “Everybody seemed to be having a good time.”

“I didn’t make them wait too long for the risotto?”

Sebastian leaned against the door frame, which was sticky as if the apartment walls were leaking in the heat. Sweat trickled through his hair and his shirt dampened against his chest. He rubbed his temples with a clammy hand.

“You don’t look very well,” Emily said. “Are you drunk?”

It was true that he’d had too much wine, enough so that objects trailed when he turned his head, and he did feel strange, as if all of the extremities of his body were molten and newly alive. Emily smiled expectantly, then shook her head when he tried to smile back. His mouth wouldn’t move properly; it felt almost paralyzed.

“God,” she said, studying him carefully. “You’re trashed.”

“I love you,” he said. And all at once, as if for the first time, he really did love her. He loved her madly. He could feel it in his body, an actual physical pain burning inside his ribcage like a hot stone. His heart was on fire. His entire body was licked by flames. He loved her so much he felt he was going to die.

Reckoning With the Desires of China’s One-Child Generation

I first encountered M Lin’s writing during our second year of graduate school in the MFA program at Brooklyn College. Her stories were, on my first reading, luminous and unpretentious, chronicling the often conflicting sexual, emotional, and political desires of women from China’s millennial One-Child Generation. Her debut collection, The Memory Museum, is a nostalgic but unflinching expansion of this vision, and a compelling examination of how China’s stratospheric growth has fractured the relationship between its theoretically collective past, uncertain present, and globalized future.

What I was most struck by, when reading these stories, is the way they engage with this fluidity of cultural identity through the shifting and unpredictable lens of female desire. In “Shangri-La,” for example, a young immigrant from a provincial Chinese city embarks on a reckless and passionate affair with her working-class Chinese masseur. In “Magic, or Something Less Assuring,” a woman whose marriage has been severely fractured by political differences during the pandemic goes on a “divorce honeymoon” to Morocco with her husband. And in the collection’s titular story, a young woman living in a futuristic society finds solace in accessing long-buried memories of her late parents’ political activism and tortured past. M’s willingness to discuss these changing perspectives in our interview is a testament to her talents as a writer and interpreter of her own work.

As I sat cross-legged in my apartment on a foggy morning in San Francisco, I called M, who is based in Manhattan, over Zoom. While our conversation was wide-ranging, M and I had spoken earlier about the need to discuss the female perspectives in the collection. The interview reflects our mutual interest in these protagonists’ efforts to forge their own cultural and artistic identities apart from those thrust on them in China and the U.S. 


Rebecca Bihn-Wallace: Despite taking place in vastly different settings and over different time periods, these stories feel thematically linked in the way that they center female desire, or lack of desire—whether sexual or creative or political. Can you talk about the role that these kinds of desires play in the collection?

M Lin: I think the way that the characters show up as desiring something comes from their feeling at odds with or unsatisfied by the present, by the lives that they have. In the first story of the collection, “Scenes from Childhood,” a woman is very old, and in her last years of her life, she is alone with no family and all these childhood memories. She has this desire to be surrounded by her loved ones again, and she’s able to reach that through the act of remembering. And in the second story, “Magic, or Something Less Assuring,”the woman obviously wants a divorce, even though she doesn’t know if it’s the right thing to do. It’s not that she doesn’t love her husband anymore, but for other reasons their life can’t go on together. 

I think these women’s desires come from their continued engagement with their own lives—which is a weird thing to say, because who is not engaged with their life? But right now, especially in China, there is one part of you that is based on what other people think you should do—your family, your parents, the culture—and the other part is that people in China are retreating from this, almost retreating from capitalism. I think the women [in my stories] are not choosing the path that was expected of them, and they aren’t choosing to give in and completely lose control of their lives. Despite the hostile environment around them, they’re still trying to fulfill themselves in some way. And that is not an easy thing to do in the age of declining mental health and world chaos.

Fiction has the power to ask the what-ifs.

RBW: Can you talk about the role of sexual desire in the stories? For example, “Shangri-La” is an inversion of the stereotypical dynamics between men and Asian women. How do these stories subvert that expectation, and disrupt the perception of what a relationship or a sexual connection between a man and a woman should look like?

ML: It was one of my intentions to write against the stereotypes of Asian women as being docile or submissive, which I think in a sexual context is one of the biggest stereotypes Asian women face. At the same time, Asian men are desexualized, so Asian men and women exist on two extremes of the spectrum. “Shangri-La” is also about the stereotype of richer men having affairs with women of a lesser financial background. I think [the story] is very aware of how its narrative subverts those sexual and power dynamics. But of course, I didn’t write “Shangri-Lain order to do that; the origin of the story is a phenomenon I’ve observed in New York, where often you see that the massage therapists in [Chinese massage parlors] are mostly men. And it’s also about class—I was thinking about how I’m a Chinese immigrant and the people who work there are as well, but in New York they’re rubbing my feet. This is what I think makes fiction so interesting, because it has the ability to imagine what can happen. Fiction has the power to ask the what-ifs.

RBW: Can we talk about conflicting creative and professional desires in the collection? In “Tough Egg,” there’s this conflict between the narrator’s desire to address fertility in her screenplay, and the reality of male-domination and censorship within the Chinese film industry. She knows that unless she gets a male name attached to her project, it won’t get off the ground. That conflict between the desire to be creative and the sacrifices that it demands interested me, especially when you’re working within a society that’s patriarchal, whether it’s Western or Chinese.

ML: Creativity is of course limited by our experiences and by reality, but it also has the ability to triumph, to go beyond those limits. I think people who call themselves artists engage with their life in a specific way. In the case of “Tough Egg,” the character is working with both the limits of the female body and having to consider motherhood, as every woman does. There are also the limits of censorship and the limits of the male-dominated industry. I think those limits are what makes her work really meaningful for her—she’s finding the space to create freedom for herself. It’s kind of what makes her effort worthwhile.

RBW: Another thing we see in these stories is that politics are really at the root of a lot of the relationship conflicts, particularly in terms of perspectives on the role of the Chinese government during the pandemic, or US-China relations. Can you talk about the role this plays in stories like “Magic, or Something Less Assuring,” or even the political rebellions taking place in “No Prairie Fire Can Destroy All the Weeds”?

ML: The way the Chinese government functions is very much how a patriarch would function in a traditional Chinese family. So the state and the intimate relationships, such as a family or a romantic relationship, are very much intertwined. Even though I believe this is true everywhere in the world, the personal being political and the political being personal is especially true in China, because your life changes overnight if the government has a new policy. A lot of people are apolitical, because they know they can’t really do anything about that.

Creativity is limited by our experiences and by reality, but it also has the ability to go beyond those limits.

And to go back to your question, I think we just live in such polarizing times that even in the U.S., we see couples or families arguing or coming apart because of different political beliefs. I am exploring with these narratives the relationship between what you believe and what or who you love. Can you love a person even if you don’t agree with them? That is a question for individuals and on a much larger scale, for us as a country and as a planet—how we find ways to move into the future without agreeing on every little thing. You know, this is probably what politicians are figuring out on a daily basis. The emotional and intellectual parts of a person don’t always line up.

RBW: On that note, can you talk about the push-pull dynamics that a lot of the characters experience in terms of their relationship to the US and China and the porousness that we see in those national identities? For example, in the story “Yulan,” this passage was really striking to me: 

“In the American context, the theories and identity labels Yuchen constantly navigated tired and in many cases confused her. It was not that she doubted them; it was that she believed in them so firmly that she was unable to admit her own feelings, unable to stop performing for herself and others, unable to reconcile her own life with what she believed to be true.”

ML: I think this passage must be true to my own feelings. For anyone who goes between the US and China, or the US and Europe, the political context of the conversations that are happening are very different. The US is the only country that started from immigrants coming from different places; other countries have been around for much longer and are more homogeneous because of that. But in the US, race is a prominent, everyday aspect of life that you have to constantly navigate, especially as a person of color. In China, I never thought about race and people don’t talk about race because everyone is Chinese, even though there are nuances within one’s identity as a Chinese person, and there are a lot of different ethnic minorities. But in the US, sometimes the identity politics can feel exhausting. And being a feminist can feel exhausting because it’s always you against the world. You are trying to live by your beliefs, but the reality is always an uphill battle. And sometimes you fantasize about not having to fight every little fight.

For the character of Yuchen, she has her own career as an artist and photographer, when she could probably just as easily be a mother with a child. She’s trying to imagine if she could be happy being that, if she didn’t have her creative impulses and her feminist beliefs. The less you know, the more you might be okay with what you’re given. 

RBW: The role of family, particularly in the lives of your female characters, has a duality to it. It’s this source of memory and longing, but in another sense, it’s a source of tension and even a kind of oppression, where the generational differences between the One-Child Generation in China and their parents are stark. For example, in stories “Tough Egg” or in “Lucy,” the expectations that the parents have of the children are just not ones that they can really fulfill. I found the push and pull between asserting oneself as a human being and then functioning within a larger family unit very interesting.

ML: The tension between the individual and the family and the generational differences is something that I think about a lot, and I’m happy to hear that it came through in these stories. Because of how much China has developed over the past three or four decades, the generational difference—the leap from my parents’ generation to mine—is maybe equal to four or five generations in the West. And as I was saying, the parallel between the family structure and the structure of the country means that families have this supreme control over their children, and the government has control over the citizens. Even though this relationship might sound horrible at first glance, to the narrator in “Lucy,” it has its “upsides.” You can feel very taken care of.

RBW: My parents aren’t like this, but with a lot of American parents there’s more of the “sink or swim model” where, once you’re 18, it’s like, “Okay, figure it out.” [Laughs] And that’s just not something that the Chinese seem to do as much.

ML: You feel like you have backup, a safety net, but at the same time, because [your family] is providing you with that, they feel they have the right to comment on everything. 

The personal being political and the political being personal is especially true in China

Cutting ties with your parents is a sensational thing to do in China. In the West, if you do that, people might be like, “What horrible things did your parents do to you?” But in China it’s like, “What’s wrong with you? You are not a filial child.” No matter what happened to you or what you did, you’re not allowed to do that. And I think what’s interesting is that—this applies to my personal experience, and my core readership of Chinese people who live overseas—my characters, especially Lucy, are already defying tradition and the family structure by moving to a foreign country. As an only child, that is an even more severe thing to do. How will Chinese family culture and structures adapt to this much more globalized and mobilized world? That’s still an ongoing exploration, and I’m actually working on it in my novel.

RBW: That segues perfectly into my last question. I found “The Memory Museum” to be a very haunting, evocative, disturbing story in all the best ways. And I wondered if you could talk about the future world that you envision in the story, and what potentially inspired the speculative elements.

ML: There are two competing visions for the future in The Memory Museum as a collection. In the first story, “Scenes from Childhood,” in the future that the narrator is speaking from, the world is burning and there’s very little habitable land. China has become its own island, and with the narrator being overseas, she’s not able to contact her family. All of that is maybe closer to my vision [of the future] in real life. But the final, titular story, “The Memory Museum,” envisions a competing and completely different reality for China. It’s a utopian imagination of what China could become, and it came from a place of despair after I wrote the protest story, “No Prairie Fire Can Destroy All the Weeds,” where the last section specifically took the story to a dark place. If that logic were to continue, the path for China is very dark. But in fiction, we have so much more freedom and space; I can imagine not only how badly everything can go. So I just started thinking, what is my best vision of what China could be? So that’s where the speculative context and setting came from. I have been thinking about memory so much, and how memories are being erased by the current government. So I wanted [the setting of “The Memory Museum”] to be the perfect future I could imagine.

7 Books About Women Migrant Workers

We are living in a moment when the presence of migrant workers is more visible than ever, yet their inner lives remain unevenly told. There are still not enough works of literary fiction centered on women as migrant workers—especially domestic workers. These stories do exist, but they are often older, or they appear only in fragments across texts—rather than being fully centered, these women tend to remain at the edges of someone else’s narrative. This absence is particularly striking to me because I grew up surrounded by such women. My mother. My aunties. The housekeepers and nannies in the homes of friends who had more than we did. It wasn’t something I had to learn about—it was simply the texture of everyday life. I watched how much these women carried, how much they gave, and how often that labor passed without anyone really stopping to see it for what it was.

I also remember how natural it all felt then. How unquestioned. The early mornings and the long days my mother kept. The way care was given so fully, and then quietly folded away. I didn’t think about it in any formal way, but I noticed things—how certain women held themselves, how they moved through other people’s homes, attentive to what was needed and careful not to take up too much space. Even then, there was a sense, difficult to name but impossible to ignore, that some lives were expected to unfold in the background.

In many ways, this is the space the stories in my own book, Layaway Child, come out of—a desire to stay with these lives, and to bring what is often held at the margins into clearer view. What I return to is the question of what it might mean to remain with her. To follow the woman who leaves for work long before the world rises and returns when it is asleep. The woman who moves through spaces that depend on her but do not fully see her. To sit within that experience, rather than simply gesture toward it.

The seven books gathered here move in that direction. They resist easy explanation and refuse to turn these lives into symbols. Instead, they attend closely to the daily realities of the work, while also making space for the interior lives that play out alongside it. Together, these works offer a way of seeing migrant labor that resists simplification. They remain with the quiet, often overlooked moments, and in doing so, reveal the full and complex lives unfolding within them.

Lucy by Jamaica Kincaid

Lucy remains, for me, one of the clearest and most intimate expressions of the female migrant worker experience. A young woman arrives from the Caribbean to work as an au pair in the United States. What unfolds is not simply a story of employment, but of observation. Lucy watches everything: the family she works for, the culture she has entered, the expectations placed upon her. She understands, very quickly, that she is both essential and peripheral. By the end, what becomes clear is not just the shape of Lucy’s circumstances, but the clarity of her seeing—what it means to understand exactly where you stand, and to refuse to disappear within it.

Minaret by Leila Aboulela

Najwa, a Sudanese woman living in London, works as a domestic servant after her family’s political and economic fall. The novel follows her as she moves through the city—between households, between versions of herself—while gradually reorienting her sense of identity. Her work places her inside intimate spaces, caring for children, maintaining homes, and navigating the expectations of those who employ her. At the same time, she is reckoning with faith, memory, and loss, coming to understand that the life she once imagined for herself is no longer available to her, and that something else must take its place. What makes Minaret particularly striking is its attention to interiority. Najwa’s labor is constant but never sensationalized; instead, it becomes part of the texture of her daily life. The novel offers a clear, steady look at what it means to exist within someone else’s world while slowly reshaping one’s sense of purpose, dignity, and belonging.

How to Pronounce Knife by Souvankham Thammavongsa

This collection of short stories follows Laotian immigrants and refugees across North America as they navigate work, family, and language. Many of the characters are employed in forms of labor that often go unseen—nail salons, factories, service jobs—where repetition and precision shape their days. The stories are brief but exacting, capturing moments that reveal how deeply work can structure a life. Rather than focus on dramatic events, Thammavongsa attends to the small, telling detail: a conversation misunderstood, a task performed over and over, a body adapting to new demands. The result is a collection that shows how labor is carried not only in what people do, but in how they move, speak, and understand themselves within the world.

Win Me Something by Kyle Lucia Wu

Willa Chen, a biracial woman in New York, takes a job as a nanny for a wealthy white family, entering a world that is both familiar and inaccessible. Her role requires her to care deeply for the child in her charge, while also maintaining a careful awareness of her position within the household. As Willa moves through her work, she becomes increasingly attuned to the subtle ways she is both included and excluded. The novel explores how domestic labor extends beyond physical tasks into emotional and social navigation, revealing the complexities of care work in spaces where belonging is never fully granted. Slowly, Willa’s proximity to wealth, to whiteness, to comfort shapes her understanding of herself. 

The Son of the House by Cheluchi Onyemelukwe-Onuobia

When Nwabulu and Julie, two women from different classes of Nigerian society, are kidnapped and held together, they begin telling each other the stories of their lives. Nwabulu has worked as a housemaid since she was a child, sent from home with promises that are never fulfilled. Julie, by contrast, comes from a wealthy, educated background, but finds her life increasingly shaped by the expectations placed on her as a wife and mother. he novel moves between their lives as their stories unfold, revealing how class, gender, and power influence the possibilities available to each of them. Domestic labor sits at the center of Nwabulu’s experience, shaping both her vulnerability and her sense of self, while Julie’s story exposes a different kind of constraint—one that operates within privilege rather than outside it. Held together, their narratives offer a layered account of how women’s lives are shaped in unequal but deeply connected ways.

Songbirds by Christy Lefteri

Set in Cyprus, Songbirds centres on Nisha, a Sri Lankan domestic worker who has left her young daughter in order to support her family from abroad. She works as a nanny and housekeeper, caring for Petra’s daughter and maintaining the rhythms of a household that is not her own. When Nisha suddenly disappears, the novel shifts to Petra as she searches for Nisha and, in doing so, confronts how little she truly understood about Nisha’s life. What emerges is a portrait of a woman whose presence has been essential yet largely unseen. Nisha’s story—revealed in fragments through others—captures the realities of migrant domestic work: the distance from one’s own child, the constant negotiation of belonging, and the quiet sacrifices that sustain lives across borders. 

Clean by Alia Trabucco Zerán

Clean unfolds through the voice of Estela García, a domestic worker who has spent years working for a wealthy family in Santiago. Speaking from an interrogation room after the death of the family’s young daughter, Estela recounts her time in the household. Over the years, she has become deeply embedded in the family’s daily life, responsible for the child, the home, and the small, repetitive tasks that structure each day. Hers is a portrait of a life lived in close proximity and near invisibility. Estela is present for everything—meals, arguments, private moments—yet is often treated as if she were not there at all. The novel lingers in that tension, where intimacy does not lead to recognition, and where being indispensable does not mean being seen. In giving Estela the space to speak, Clean turns that invisibility inside out, revealing a voice that is observant, controlled, and no longer willing to remain in the background.

A Campus Novel For a Post-Ironic World

Avigayl Sharp’s Offseason is a deeply internal debut, charting the bounds of a violent, unpredictable world through its truth-seeking (and perpetually dishonest) narrator. The novel follows an unnamed woman during her year as an instructor at a remote all girls school, where she’s filling in for an older male teacher on leave for an unspecified reason. 

Through her interactions with administrators and students, the narrator’s idiosyncratic worldview comes into relief. She fixates on the victimization of students—those manipulated and adultified by the very authority figures who are meant to guide them—and recalls the “multiple pedophiles and ephebophiles” (adults with sexual interest in mid-to-late adolescents) who ran unchecked at her own high school. At the same time, she nurtures an idyllic admiration for Joseph Stalin, focusing on his difficult upbringing and childhood mistreatment rather than his autocratic reign. Her family relationships are similarly warped; through her contentious (albeit humorous) relationships with her mother, sister, and father, we come to understand how the narrator has been shaped by both personal and intergenerational traumas.

Offseason is a character study, but it’s also a love letter to literature. The narrator teaches Charles Dickens with unbridled (and occasionally inappropriate) excitement. She projects onto a younger female student, and recommends literature as the antidote to her imagined turmoil. She throws herself into books, turning away from the pain and violence in the world, but Offseason still manages to bring it to the surface. In reading, we’re reminded that this contrast—the potential to harm and heal in turn—is the very thing that makes us alive.

I had the wonderful opportunity to meet with Avigayl Sharp in person at Stories and Books Cafe in LA’s Echo Park. We discussed literature, sincerity, and trauma-plotting infamous historical figures over the din of a bustling cafe.


Lennie Roeber-Tsiongas: Like Offseason, your short story “Animals in the Dark” is set at an all girls school. What drew you to this setting? What were you thinking about when you were trying to render it?

Avigayl Sharp: After my MFA, I was working at a girls’ school. I never taught, but I worked as an administrative assistant. There are weird things that obsess you as a writer and that emerge out of necessity. A character needs to have a life, a job, and a material world that they operate within. So in a way I was searching for something that could serve a purpose, and it felt like a very functional decision. At the same time there’s something about the way that large groups of girls operate with one another and with older authority figures that began to really preoccupy me. I was interested in reversals of authority. I also love campus novels, especially weird campus novels. I love The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie. I love Lucky Jim, you know, all these novels where there are teachers behaving in insane and erratic ways.

LRT: It was very interesting to see the books that came up throughout. At one point the narrator recommends Lolita to a student she suspects of being groomed by a male teacher. I was thinking about this canon of literature while reading—Lolita, My Dark Vanessa, Disgrace, among others. Were there other books from that canon that you were thinking about while writing?

To know someone is sort of to unknow them.

AS: Nabokov was big for me. Lolita and Pale Fire, and Pnin was another that I didn’t put in the book because I decided not to directly reference super campus-y novels. 

I’m interested in characters who put on a voice and narrativize their own lives to themselves and to the readers. Then, it’s through the cracks and slippages in their story that you come to understand reality. So Nabokov was a huge influence in that way. Muriel Spark was also really important for me and important for the book. She’s both extremely comic and also cold and serious and fierce at the same time. 

LRT: I was intrigued by how you handled the older male teacher, Thomas. When the reader learns that he’s taken a leave from the school we’re guided to assume one thing, but he ends up being a different kind of character than we might have initially suspected. In thinking about relationships where abuses of power can happen, was there something you felt was missing from the existing canon that you wanted to show in more complexity?

AS: I mean, it’s an interesting question. One thing that I was thinking about was projection. I’m interested in the way that we can experience harm by seeing harm everywhere. We do live in an extraordinarily violent world.

What was important to me with the Thomas character is setting up this idea that there’s a mystery that you can get to the bottom of. The narrator has this preoccupation with getting to the bottom of things. She also has this conviction that she knows more about the world around her than anyone else, and this fear of the mysteriousness of other people. I wanted to write a book in which one thing that hopefully happens by the end is that the narrator and also the reader know certain characters less well than they do at the beginning—their mystery increases. 

LRT: It feels true to life that someone would become more opaque over time, rather than more legible.

AS: I think people can appear transparent to us before we know them, and that to know someone is sort of to unknow them. In a way the book is a classic bildungsroman because the narrator receives a moral education and gains a moral sight, I hope. She has an extreme anxiety and ambivalence around questions of victimhood—who is a victim and who is an aggressor—and a longing to remain on one side of the line. I was also interested in the association of victimhood with moral purity, and as a result, her belief that she can be cleansed by never growing up.

LRT: Instead of teaching multiple books to her students, the narrator spends the whole year teaching Charles Dickens’ Bleak House. Both that book and the topics of her class discussions relate to the city, but Offseason takes place in a small beach town that empties out for half the year. Why Bleak House

AS: Some things are just the timing. I read Bleak House shortly before I started the novel. I hadn’t read a lot of Dickens, and I ended up having a transformative experience with this book. It was just a book that contained every kind of novel within it. It’s so ambitious. So funny and bizarre. It’s a mystery. It really is every kind of book. And I was thinking about the novel as a form, and I thought that this kind of obsessive commitment to literature at its most excessive would be a funny fixation for the narrator to have. [Bleak House is] a book that’s ironic about a lot of the things that it’s also serious about. 

LRT: I have to ask about a figure that looms over this book: Stalin. The narrator’s fixation with him is revealing. I saw connections to her relationship with family and also her volatile one with truth. What were you thinking about by including this fixation and how did it connect to the narrator’s other relationships?

I wanted to write a book about the past that only looked at the present.

AS: [Stalin and the narrator’s mother] are tied inextricably because her mother was born in the Soviet Union. There is an identification with the aggressor, and a fantasy around a type of power that could really bend the world to its will. But of course, she’s also trauma-plotting Stalin all the time. She has a longing to create a story around Stalin that can fit into a narrative arc of victimhood. In addition to the familial history aspect, I think it comes from an inability to confront the failures of the left. The book is interested in communism and utopian socialism, but the narrator also can’t look at failure and loss. She can’t accept Stalin as a figure of extraordinary violence. There are times when she turns toward it and then she looks away because she longs to maintain a fantasy in which the Soviet Union worked. I think she has a desire to map the world in a very rigid way and to maintain her status as a victim in a victim lineage, but one who can forgive. She can be at the bottom, but she also really sympathizes with these figures that she imagines as aggressors. She sympathizes with the pain they feel over the powers and the violence that their families have enacted. When she has to face the complexity of the world, it’s extraordinarily painful for her. She has to reconfigure the story that she’s been telling herself, and she does not want to do that.

LRT: The novel is structured around each semester, but there’s an interlude where the narrator visits home and we see more of her relationships with family and a traumatic experience from her teenage years. How did you write this interlude section and how did you want it to function?

AS: I was very interested in writing about trauma—the experience of trauma, the lingering effects of trauma—without ever giving the readers information about what this traumatic experience is. I wanted to create the sensation of reading to find out what happened, because I think we have a cultural obsession with understanding what exactly happened to someone, how bad was it, what did it mean, etc. I’m interested in psychoanalysis, and in understanding an experience through the symptoms that emerge around it. There’s a way that the preoccupation with what exactly happened can allow us to move away from what is actually traumatic about an experience. There’s also a question of privacy in the book. There are themes that the narrator is too open about, but there are also things that remain hidden. 

LRT: Yes, exactly. She doesn’t give us the satisfaction of being able to slot her experience into a hierarchy of pain.

AS: As a reader you only know what she is now. That was really important to me. I knew I wanted to write a book about the past that only looked at the present.

LRT: This is more of a structural question. How did your experience of novel writing differ from writing short fiction? What was the process of crafting this novel specifically?

It’s a book that has a very sincere belief in the transformative power of literature.

AS: It was so different. I spent a long time not knowing if I would ever write a novel because I love short fiction. I think it doesn’t get enough love. As a writer in institutional settings, there’s a lot of you gotta write a novel. I was like, I won’t do what anyone tells me to. The problem is that I actually love the novel as a form so much. When I started to write the novel, I realized how you have to reinvent the form. There’s no container; you have to create the container that your book needs to become itself. There are three sections, the first section and the third section are mirror images of each other, and there’s a hinge in the middle. As I was writing the first section of the book, there came a point where I realized that the narrator had too much control. Certain ways that I figured to structure the book were attempts to throw things in her path so that she was unable to exert this narrative control as strongly. I wanted it to feel like you think you understand the type of book you’re reading, and then it becomes a different type of book, and then becomes a type of different book again. 

LRT: It’s funny, at the end I was trying to figure out if the book is hopeful or not. And I think it might be more accurate to say it’s a book that feels open to possibility.

AS: Yes, yes. Maybe open is a better word. It’s definitely a book that’s about the novel, but not just the novel. I think it’s a book that has a very sincere belief in the transformative power of literature.

LRT: There’s a certain amount of repetition in the prose—which is so funny and sharp and pointed, with so much dishonesty and slips of truth—but was that decision to repeat certain images or ideas coming from any particular place?

AS: Yeah, it was. I do think that the book is constructed musically with leitmotifs. I am drawn to that kind of patterning, but I’m also interested in repetition, compulsion, the sense that we are acting out the same things over and over again and that this can be terrifying and that it can also be beautiful and that the way we change happens through repetitions that vary slightly. We repeat stories about our lives, and we repeat certain lexical ways of speaking. In the second section, there’s a lot of repetition with the family. My hope is that it modulates between being horrible at certain points and also, at other moments, there’s a beauty in that cycle.

LRT: What do you think readers will be most surprised by in terms of what’s on the page vs. the description of the book?

AS: I think it’s both more funny and more dark. But I also think it’s a very sincere book. It’s a comic book, but not ironic. 

I Wasn’t Excited for My Top Surgery. That Doesn’t Negate My Desire for It

Minor Meats by Billy Lezra

The right one weighs 568 grams, the left one, 547, over two pounds off my chest. For five days, two tubes drain the incisions. Ruby, then amber, fluids pool into translucent bulbs pinned to my white compression vest.

It’s Christmas. 

I am the tree; the blood bulbs, ornaments. 

Inside the bulbs my red blood cells are shaped like marbles, tiny spheres. The name of this condition is hereditary spherocytosis, which means I got these marbles from my mother, a hematological heirloom. Behind our upper left ribcage, our spleens destroyed these marbles and made us anemic, jaundiced, low iron, high platelet. My mother’s spleen was six years old when it was removed; mine was 13. 

The night before my splenectomy, she ran me a hot bath and massaged my legs with lavender lotion. When you wake up you won’t be able to see or move for about 30 minutes, she said. But you will be able to hear. The surgery lasted four hours. I didn’t read or talk to anyone while you were under, she said. I just imagined your body inch by inch.

Once my destruction site was excised, the spheres passed through my blood undetonated. Spleenless me did new things: hike, run, make plans, keep plans, get good grades. The words on my report cards changed. The green insuficientes became suficientes, bienes, notables, sobresalientes. 

Sobre, above.

Saliente, salient.

Spleenless me rose above.

“Rigor” appeared everywhere, underlined. 


20 years after my splenectomy, three weeks before top surgery, my surgeon calls to discuss how my blood might behave. 

Spleenless people with spherocytosis have high platelets. 

Platelets make the blood clot. 

When it comes to surgery, you want to clot, not a clot. 

Normal platelet levels range between 150,000 to 450,000.

What I want is to become my own occupant.

Mine are between 600,000 and 750,000. 

Because I’m a spleenless person made of marbles, my surgeon says my chance of developing a post-surgical clot that could move somewhere “tricky” is something to “consider.” By “tricky” I assume she means lung, heart, brain. 

“Do you feel comfortable doing the surgery?” I ask.

“Absolutely. It’s important to you, and you’ll be so happy when it’s done.”

I open my brown Moleskin and write down the words “happy” and “important.” I remind myself: I trust this surgeon. She’s thorough, serious, kind, a total genius; I love her results. 

Toward the end of our conversation she asks if I’m “excited.” 

The word surfaces in my clinical notes. 

I’m officially medically excited. 


I’m not excited to have surgery.

I do not feel certain about this choice.

Uncertainty does not negate desire.

Some people modify their bodies to experience self-alignment, but I don’t have a coalesced self I feel misaligned from.

I sense my lack of coalescence is my misalignment. 

“Dysphoria,” writes Max Delsohn, “[feels] like being a tourist in my own body.”

Right: tourist, interloper, spectator, seditionist, assailant. I watch myself from below and above. What I want is to become my own occupant.

“It sounds like this surgery is gender-expansive,” says my friend Moa. 

Her language piques me, a progression: gender confirmation to affirmation to expansion. We confirm dates and times; an external action concretizes the event. We affirm, state, declare; to affirm implies an awareness of the thing being affirmed. It makes sense to feel excitement or certainty if body modification stems from what is known. But expansion doesn’t have to be sure or aware of itself. Dough expands, and moss, and mycelium, and water. Expansion doesn’t require certainty, just curiosity; curiosity is enough. 

“And expansion can become affirmation,” says Moa. 

After wildfires tear through forests, dormant seeds germinate—slowly, then all at once. 


But I am terrified of my marbles, of my blood.

In the weeks leading up to the surgery, I spend hours trying to make appointments with hematologists who can’t see me in time because I’m new to the area and the waiting lists are long. I find an online hematology service and meet with a practitioner who looks at my labs and assures me I’ll be fine. I ask my primary doctor whether this conclusion is enough to clear me for surgery and she says yes. I ask my surgeon the same question and she says yes. But my fear gets the better of me, so I seek a fourth opinion. I book a flight out of state to see my old doctor who specializes in spherocytosis.

Then I cancel the trip. 

It’s too expensive, another risk.

I’m more likely to get sick from a trip than from a clot. 

Spleenless people are prone to infections. Certain bacterias—streptococcus or neisseria—sneak around our immune systems cloaked in capsules made of polysaccharides. These capsules protect pathogens from the body’s attacks; spleenless people have less ammunition. If I catch a bad cold, they’ll cancel the surgery. And if they cancel the surgery, it may not be rescheduled because look at the United States.

When I think about not going through with it, I feel crestfallen. 

And yet it would be so much easier to absorb risk for something I’m excited about.

“No one said this would be easy,” says Liam, my partner of 11 years. 

“I haven’t had a plan, or an ulterior motive, or a rhyme or a reason [for] what I’ve done,” says Dr. Susan Stryker. “I was just doing my thing to unfold the mystery of my transness to myself.” 

Unfold as in germinate as in expand. 


Years ago I went on social media and shared the name and pronouns that make me feel like a person rather than an assumption. Once the language around me changed, my curiosity teethed. Might I feel closer to myself if I shapeshift? “Sometimes the feelings are certain and come first, and the action follows,” writes Krys Malcolm Belc. “But other times, the action has to lead the feeling.” And sometimes clarity comes after action, after feeling. 

It’s an incredibly bureaucratic process, to become. I consulted, scheduled, perused pictures of stunning chests, found a few I loved, and set the date for my deconstruction. Then I graduated and moved down the coast, twice. Now I’m supposed to go under in two weeks, and I’m bone tired. Liam, who went through this surgery a few months ago, asks me if it would be better to wait.

“It’s not an option,” I say. 

My stubbornness surprises me.

I am unyielding—not excited. Rigorous—not certain. 

I read essay after essay after essay.

From Naomi Gordon-Loebl, I learn the Latin roots of the word “decide.”

De, off.

Caedere, to cut. 

I read medical studies about clots and spherocytosis.

I check my blood, once, thrice.

My platelets climb.

662,000, 681,000, 738,000. 


The day my surgery date was confirmed, I was with my friend Heather in the Nashville International Airport. This was before my surgeon cautioned me about my marbles and platelets. I was in the luxurious space between opportunity and execution; this was my specter of “excitement.” 

I’d met Heather in graduate school, where she was earning her Ph.D in fiction. I was drawn to her incisive humor and to the way she noticed subtle patterns in the novels we studied. We’d just spent 10 days in a writing conference on a campus with gothic chapels; at night we slept in a dorm that faced a cemetery. With hours to kill before our flights home, we drank iced coffee and I told her my news. 

“Congratulations,” she said, with a smile that seeped through me.

A few months later, Heather showed up to my graduating thesis defense with roses, carnations, and lilies in a round glass jar. For two hours she listened to me answer questions about my work; she observed a pattern, an undertone; she wrote it down. 

Later, over chicken yakisoba noodles, she air-dropped me this note:

“Billy uses information & research to feel in control but it also feeds their anxiety—can we sit in knowledge and use it to process & understand while accepting lack of control?” 


I do not accept lack of control.

I will control my body. 

I will carve it into what I imagine.

I can’t control the way my blood clots.

But I can control the information I have about the way my blood clots. 

I can read the right studies and ask the right questions and ask for the right tests and the right medication. And by that I mean: I can control the way my blood clots. No?

Once my imagination seizes danger, I gallop toward a solution. 

In my house I have a metal door jammer, a panic button, a radon detector, a propane detector, an alarm system. I can’t control whether an attacker or toxin infiltrates my house/body, but I can control how guilty I feel if something goes wrong. If I lock and jam my door and set the alarm and plug in the radon detector and something bad happens, I can forgive myself. If I read medical studies and get blood tests and talk to nurses and doctors and something bad happens, I can forgive myself. The problem with this logic is its perversion.

The system that tries to protect me assails me. 

I’m afraid I’ll die if I have this surgery.

I’m afraid I’ll die if I don’t have this surgery.

I don’t have a panic button for the panic I create. 

The system that tries to protect me assails me.

I am the hydra: I cut down one head, turn around, and there I am.


Three days before the surgery, I walk along cliffs. 

The sea is choppy.

Clouds coagulate; within days an atmospheric river will run through the coast. 

These currents of air can be over 1,000 miles long, 400 miles wide, more than two miles deep. 

My phone buzzes with flood, wind, and landslide alerts. 

My father calls.

“I want your right breast in a jar,” he says.

“Should I get it preserved in formaldehyde?” 

“Absolutely not. I don’t want the tissue to shrivel. I want it to grow arms.” 

“And where will you put my breast? Next to Tomás?”

Tomás is his human skull, a found relic from his childhood.

We laugh.

We talk about the river, my missing organs, my weird blood.


Along with my spleen went my gallbladder; several years before that, my appendix, minor meats. My appendix almost burst after the first time I visited my father, Michael, in the United States. 

Cambridge, 2001, Christmas. Rain, slush, snow, Moulin Rouge. I’d just turned nine. Before this, Michael and I had only spent time in Madrid or in the south of Spain, once or twice a year. His girlfriend, Hilary, paid for many of his flights to see me, even though she’d never met me in person.

I liked her immediately. We walked around Central Square, baked salted chocolate chip cookies, and chatted. She was writing her first book, which I thought was the coolest thing in the world. I also loved the precise way she and Michael assembled dinner every night, a choreography they’d learned together in culinary school. This was the first time I stepped into my father’s life. He introduced me to his rituals, Iron Chef, Terminator, good knives, duck fat, pickled beets, and salmon grilled on charcoal. After nine days I returned to Madrid; two days later a surgeon rolled me into the operating room. 

“Apendicitis aguda gangrenosa,” she said, after. 

Aguda, acute, sharp. 


Madrid, 2005, Christmas, again. 

Four years after my appendectomy, Michael flew to Spain for my splenectomy; my mother left our apartment so he could stay with me the week before. On sunny days we wandered through outdoor markets that sold items for nativity tableaus: tiny angels, goats, sheep, barrels of hay, myrrh. On rainy days we watched movies. 

On our fifth night I wanted a burger from a place called Foster’s Hollywood.

Michael said no. 

Anger prickled me. 

“I’m about to be cut open. Just give me what I want.”

He said no. 

Later, he knocked on my door. In his hand was a blue ceramic plate with a burger. He’d bought the bun from a bakery, mixed and spiced the organic meat, frosted it with thick flecks of sea salt, and caramelized the onions.

“I barely used any oil,” he said, “so this shouldn’t hurt you at all.” 

I devoured it.

The thing about only seeing each other once or twice a year was that our time together was all text, no subtext. We talked about concrete objects: movies, books, food; we didn’t have nonverbal shorthand accumulated in shared space. I don’t remember talking about how sick I felt. I imagine my mother may have told him that greasy food, from Foster’s Hollywood in particular, made me curl up in bathtubs, knees to chest in hot water, and pant with pain. 

By the time it was clear my spleen had to come out, I’d lost count of how many times my mother had to drive me to the emergency room after I ate something oily. For years I’d tried to control my diet to control the pain. I subsisted on bland things until I caved and reached for chips or cheeses or burgers that hurt with ferocity. My doctors couldn’t figure out the problem; they accused my mother of having Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy. I’m not sure what was more disorienting: the pain, or watching medical professionals mistreat the person who brought me peppermint tea and lavender bath balls and demanded they take me seriously.

Eventually, as a result of my mother’s rigor, the right doctor ordered the right test and confirmed my gallbladder was atrophied. Up until I started writing this, I thought my awful stomachaches were unrelated to my weird blood. But a quick Google search reveals that people with spherocytosis often have gallstones. The chronic destruction of red blood cells releases too much bilirubin, which then crystallizes into sediments. I’m not sure why it took my doctors seven years to solve something the internet told me in seconds. But right after I turned 13, they decided to excise my troubles. Once I was two organs lighter, I’d be able to run, swim, dance, study, eat oil. 

“Te vas a re-encontrar,” the surgeon said. 

You’re going to find yourself again.

As if there was an authentic self I’d lost.

On the day of the surgery, while my mother imagined my body, Michael helped my grandmother with her Hebrew. My mother didn’t understand how my father could distract himself at a time like this; my father didn’t understand how my mother could not. As I came to, the wind whined and my parents shouted. I dipped in and out of consciousness, and by the time I could see again, they were gone. When I ask Michael why they put me in the intensive care unit, he says he doesn’t remember. 

What I remember most from the ICU is a little boy who I believe died in the bed next to mine. The sound of his anguish was desbocado, des-boca, un-mouthed. To be a body in pain so close to a body in so much more pain left me between shock and high octane fear.

At some point, a nurse brought me a TV that played Monster in Law.

To make oneself visible is not neutral: Visibility begets violence; spectacle begets spectatorship.

With white curtains she sectioned off the little boy’s bed.

His cries turned to rasps turned to quiet.

In the morning the bed was empty.

The nurse told me the boy left, but the underwater tone of her voice made me wonder where “leaving” was. She didn’t say, “Se fue a casa,” or, “Se fue con sus padres,” which would have meant he went home, or with his parents. 

She said, “Se fue con los suyos.”

He went with the people who belong to him, who he belongs to. 

Pain is relative, a relative.


“Rate your pain one to ten,” says the nurse.

It is over, it is done, over two pounds off my chest.

“One.”

“That’s unlikely.”

“Overwhelmingly, patients tend to rate their pain as a five, unless they are in excruciating pain,” writes Eula Biss in The Pain Scale. “At best, this renders the scale far less sensitive to gradations in pain. At worst, it renders the scale useless.”

“Two,” I say.

“Are you sure?”

Later, Liam will tell me I gripped his hand so hard his thumb changed color. Hours before the surgery, I’d convinced myself that an earthquake would shatter the tectonic plates under the hospital, that I’d be the reason Liam ended up dead. I was also certain a shooter would come murder the people providing affirming care. 30 minutes before I went under, I Googled fault lines and blueprints and police records and clocked all the hospital’s exits and tried to figure out which waiting room would be safest for Liam. I am the hydra with hijacked heads. My terror must have glistened through the drugs, because as I woke up the nurse said: “You are completely safe here, and I would die for you.” 


Little presents arrive: two blankets and a pot of lavender honey, from my mother. 

A plant cutting with white roots in a glass jar, from Moa.

A mastectomy pillow, from Hilary. 

A coloring book, from Michael, titled: Well that’s a weight off your chest! 

A t-shirt, from Heather: “New tits, who dis?” 

For a fortnight Liam injects me with anti-coagulant delivered through a needle to my stomach. It lowers the risk of clotting but raises the risk of bleeding. 

The atmospheric river comes and goes; the clouds thin. 

My phone reminds me to move once an hour. 

I walk up and down the hall and will my platelets to loosen but not too much. 

Every day I measure the ruby I leak. 

At night, I re-read Jane Eyre.


In graduate school I became obsessed with Charlotte Brontë’s body. 

I learned she had a toothache the day she started writing Jane Eyre

I imagine the throb that travels from her molars to her jaw to her neck to her head as she writes the first sentence: “There was no possibility of a walk that day.” Then she describes the weather: “Since dinner the cold winter wind had brought with it clouds so somber, and a rain so penetrating, that further out-door exercise was now out of the question.” 

In the medical manual used in Brontë’s household, Modern Domestic Medicine, Thomas John Graham recommends walking to soothe toothaches and headaches. As her mouth radiates, Brontë writes that Jane can’t walk that day. The weather that confines the character mirrors the pain that encloses the author. Jane can’t leave the house; Brontë can’t leave her body.

In Brontë’s extant letters she connects weather to pain. “Today the weather is gloomy and I am stupefied with a bad cold and a headache,” she writes to a friend. She implicates the weather, observes scholar A.J Larner, “including the east wind or cold wind, autumn, fog.” 

When I send Heather this essay, she texts: did you know a walk killed Branwell Brontë? Charlotte’s brother, found in a ditch. I read about him. I read about the sequence of deaths Charlotte endured: her sisters, Maria and Elizabeth, then Branwell, then Emily two months later, then Anne, five months after that. Many of her siblings died from tubercular complications catalyzed by bad weather. 

With this context I see Brontë’s pain on almost every page. 

In Jane Eyre, the fog itself breeds “pestilence.” 

The word “rain” appears 34 times; “cold” 65 times, “clouds” 34 times; “wind” 42 times.

I think about the atmosphere, about the writer’s grief, teeth, skull.


Books come from cells, fingers, bones. The way I read a text transforms when I learn about the pain that spread through the body that made it; texts ache, pain patterns and leaves marks. One of the problems with my writing, my teachers say, is that my body is nowhere to be found. You never describe your hands or hair or clothes or tattoos, they point out in college, in grad school, in workshops. To describe my body feels akin to describing a city I’ve flown through, a fool’s errand. My absence is the illustration: Nothing to see here, do not imagine me.

To make oneself visible is not neutral: Visibility begets violence; spectacle begets spectatorship. I want to erase myself as much as I want to be seen. Writing shears my mind from body. I have no canvases to fill, no stages to cross. I make no noise, no music. For years I wrote tucked in the back of a closet. I’ve backspaced that detail at least twice because everyone makes fun of me for it, so on the nose it’s embarrassing. My point is that I’ve been told my body is hiding, missing.

As I write this, I wear a purple robe.

A white bandage wraps around my chest.

The drains are out, so are my blood bulbs. 

My incisions don’t hurt. 

My bones hurt. 

My mind hurts.

The pain in my mind amplifies the pain in my body.

“Don’t forget,” says my therapist, “most people feel like shit after their surgeries. It’s normal to feel like you made a mistake.”

I don’t feel like I made a mistake.

The feeling is akin to infection.

Encapsulated bacteria sneak around my psychic immune system.

I have nothing left to fight anything off.

Every few days a nurse calls and asks me to rate my pain. I say one or two.

“The pain scale measures only the intensity of pain, not the duration,” writes Biss. “This may be its greatest flaw.” 

Before they took my spleen, I was listless; before they took my appendix, I was gangrenous; before they took my gallbladder, I had stomachaches so piercing I asked my mother to find a doctor who would kill me. But not all pain is legible in a blood test or in an ultrasound. I don’t know how to measure the pain I put my body through to escape the dysphoric pain it was in: the alcoholism, the anorexia, the pulse behind my panic buttons and alarms for catastrophes lived and imagined. Right now, right now, I am “in” pain, not above or below it. It swallows, like fog.

Euphoria can be as quiet as collagen fibers, synthesizing.


I receive my post-operative report on Christmas Eve.

I highlight the weight of each breast, record the grams in my brown Moleskine, next to “happy” and “important.” 

I turn the page and start writing this. 

I give myself a constraint: This essay will end as soon as the pain passes. I’ve written through discomfort before, but this particular ache shortens my sentences, takes me to Brontë’s mouth, and mixes my parents and my organs into the same text. I send drafts to Liam, Moa, Heather, Michael, Hilary, to my best friend, my writing group, my writing partner, my editor. I absorb notes and questions and line-edits and corrections; I have a fantasy: There is a right way to tell this story. I’ll sandpaper one word after another until I become legible to you and real to myself. “It is the narrative constructed in retrospect—perhaps even more than the body—that makes the self recognizable, even cognizable,” writes Alex Marzano-Lesnevich. “But narrative requires language.” 

And language confirms, affirms, expands, harms, regulates, warps, blesses, sanctions; like the body, language is wielded, not controlled. The pain passes and I don’t stop writing. If I revise, research, get more feedback, read another book, maybe I’ll get it right: sobresaliente. I just don’t know what “right” means. Or rather, the definition keeps shifting. To reverse-engineer a narrative around an experience that lives at the end of language feels like catching mist; I am tattered and embryonic at once. 

Winter ends.

Now, I’m 99 days out.

It’s spring. 

I look up the symbolism of 99. 

Google tells me I’ve completed one cycle and begun anew.

I should “trust” myself and “embrace a major life transition.”

I look up the symbolism of my missing parts. 

Appendix: uselessness, resilience. 

Gallbladder: courage, judgment. 

Spleen: melancholy, fear. 

Breasts: nourishment. 

 “Something I’ve noticed,” says Liam: “when we hug our hearts feel closer.”


I had an idea of euphoria, loud, bang, ecstatic.

But when I read about the word’s origin, I learn it comes from Greek: Euphoros.

Eu: well or easily.

Pherein: to bear.

To bear well. 

Around the eighteenth century, “euphoria” surfaces in medical contexts. A patient may experience euphoria after acute periods of illness, treatment, suffering. This euphoria exists not outside pain, but within its endurance. A sentence from my post-op report: “The patient tolerated the procedure well.” Meaning: Even unconscious I was euphoric; my body metabolized its expansion. Euphoria can be as quiet as collagen fibers, synthesizing. 

“I said to the sun

“Tell me about the big bang,” writes Andrea Gibson.

“The sun said

it hurts to become.”


Today feels like the first hot day in forever.

I walk 15,000 steps down the coast past the harbor, boats, and seals.

I sit in the shade.

I open Instagram.

I assemble a carousel of images: wet dough dotted with pools of oil; leaves of mint crystallized in ice cubes; Liam carving our initials in the sand; me, shirtless, stunning chest turned toward ocean. Days ago I put my silhouette on my close friends’ stories but now it will live on my grid. The caption: winter decadence. I’m not sure who I’m posting this for.

The performance of self is as strange as the performance of certainty, but sometimes spectacle makes the self concrete. By that I mean: I become aware of how much I love this body as I watch myself want to put it on the internet, like a painting: Look at me. But I feel pressure to resist the arc in which I finally get the surgery and look in the mirror and think: There I am. This may be true, but I’m also as unknown to myself as ever and have zero interest in arrival. I don’t think my authentic self awaits; I don’t think such a self exists. It’s mutable if it does: mycelium, water.

I post my carousel and think about the month ahead: By the time Christmas lights climb the streetlamps, I’ll be long gone from this slice of coast that teems with rain and fog and seals. I’m moving once again and so many tasks await: sorting, bubble-wrapping, packing; all the minutia of taking a life apart. I think about a lecture I went to once, about ruins, how a site’s destruction teaches us as much about its history as its construction. What I abandon—apartments, clothes, books, organs, oceans, concepts, tissue, names—matters as much as what I generate. There is no right way to expand, and I anticipate more destruction. But right now there’s not a cloud in sight.

8 Thought-Provoking Books About Reality TV

Reality TV has always prompted discourse. From its earliest days, critics have decried it as the downfall of civilization even as viewers tuned in in droves for the interpersonal drama, the competitions, and the bizarrely artificial setups. Decades into the genre’s formation, critics and fans still abound, and we’re still asking the ever-titillating question: How much of what we see is actually real? 

It’s a question that has, in a sense, escaped containment in recent years, where entire media ecosystems may be based on outright lies and propaganda, where mis- and disinformation are spread online both deliberately and not, and where the boundaries between reality TV and social media stardom seem to be eroding. How did we get here? And why are so many of us still lapping it up? 

We—Stevie and Ilana—cemented our friendship in grad school by watching The Bachelor franchise every week, and we began asking each other these and many other questions. For example: Why does the franchise keep casting leads who used to play professional football and have really thick necks? And why oh why don’t these people ask each other basic questions about each other’s political views before deciding to get engaged? What started as a way to turn off our brains for a couple hours increasingly became another place to use our critical thinking skills. We couldn’t help it; there was so much there to dissect. 

Our joint anthology, Here For All the Reasons: Why We Watch The Bachelor, was born out of our conversations surrounding the franchise, as well as the question we kept asking each other—and that we knew other fans, friends and online strangers alike, asked themselves too: “Why are we still watching this?” The result is a polyvocal collection of personal essays sharing the thoughts, opinions, images, theories, and critiques of nearly 30 contributors with the world. It’s the first anthology of its kind—dedicated specifically to a reality TV product’s fandom—and we’re eager for readers to join the conversation. 

The eight books below also engage with reality TV in unique and interesting ways. These authors showed us we’re not alone in thinking reality TV is a genre full of legitimately rich texts that reflect back to us so much of what is wrong with our contemporary social and economic structure, while at the same time giving us glimmers of true human compassion and hope, albeit via extremely imperfect vehicles. Each of these books is thought-provoking and engaging—and proves that whether you love it, hate it, or love to hate it, reality TV is a genre with enough cultural cachet and sticking power to be taken seriously. 

Cue the Sun! The Invention of Reality TV by Emily Nussbaum

In this thorough history of the reality TV genre, New Yorker staff writer Nussbaum begins by contextualizing it with what came before: audience participation shows on the radio like Queen For a Day, which started in 1945 and involved women talking about their financial and emotional hardships in the hopes of winning financial help and whatever items sponsors donated to the show. (Audiences in the US, Nussbaum shows, have long enjoyed schadenfreude-tinged entertainment.) The book also introduces readers to what many consider to be the forerunner of our contemporary understanding of reality TV: An American Family, a 1973 cinéma-vérité project that followed the Louds, a typical middle-class white family, as they went about their seemingly ordinary lives. Except it turned out that audiences found nothing mundane about getting to pruriently peer into another family’s dysfunction. Nussbaum doesn’t stop there, of course—she brings readers all the way up to the present with the making of an American reality TV star president. 

Patricia Wants to Cuddle by Samantha Allen

GLAAD-award winning journalist—and Here for All the Right Reasons contributor!—Allen’s debut novel (after her first nonfiction book, Real Queer America) is a hell of a hoot. Patricia Wants to Cuddle follows contestants in a Bachelor-like reality TV dating show who are all vying—with varying degrees of sincerity—for the heart of the dull entrepreneur Jeremy Blackstone. Each of the final four contestants will feel familiar to reality TV aficionados. There’s Lilah-May, a Christian influencer; Amanda, a fashion vlogger; Vanessa, a model; and Renee, an HR rep. For the last two weeks of filming, the cast and crew arrive on a small, isolated island in the Pacific Northwest that has a dark history of women hikers disappearing there. As tensions rise among the contestants, and between them and the cutthroat producers, rumblings in the woods begin to threaten not only the show itself but the very lives of its participants. But what if whatever—or whoever—is out there just wants to be loved too? 

Dekonstructing the Kardashians: A New Media Manifesto by MJ Corey

Even if you’ve never seen a single second of Keeping Up with the Kardashians or their Hulu revival, The Kardashians, you’ve heard of the Kardashian-Jenner family. Whether you’re fascinated or disgusted by them, the fact is that the clan has managed to make themselves relevant and stay that way despite not having any particular talent other than the accrual of fame and money. Then again, in the US, the accrual of fame and money is itself a highly valued kind of talent. MJ Corey, the voice behind the popular @kardashian_kolloquium Instagram account, has written a fascinating deep dive into the Kar-Jenner dynasty, examining how Kim in particular has used the contemporary media landscape to self-mythologize and cement herself as an icon. Kim, Corey argues, has made herself the medium, and her various transformations—through costuming, contouring, and plastic surgery alike—connect her to icons of yore, informing us that she’s as important to the culture as they are. Whether we like it or not, Corey argues, she’s right. 

Dream Facades: The Cruel Architecture of Reality TV by Jack Balderrama Morley

In Dream Facades, Morley, managing editor at Dwell, argues that the houses so many reality TV shows take place in and around are crucial to understanding the genre, our relationship to it, and how thoroughly it reflects the woes of the ongoing colonial mindset of US culture. In Selling Sunset, for instance, they point to how so many of the houses being sold have panoramic views of the sprawling and expensive city of Los Angeles, and how this showcases the eventual owners’ positionality—they are literally above the smog, the dirt, the plebs. As for The Bachelor mansion—of particular interest to us, of course—Morley shows us how its Mediterranean Revival style is actually local to nowhere and barely Mediterranean, really; it’s instead a kind of colonial fantasia. We’ve gotta be honest here—we’ve spent years considering reality TV from what we thought was every possible angle . . . but Morley’s book showed us how much we were missing by not taking a deep look at the spaces in which the genre is set.

The Compound by Aisling Rawle

The reality show in Aisling Rawle’s debut novel is like a supercharged version of Big Brother: Amid a vaguely dystopian background, contestants occupy an extremely isolated compound where they have to complete challenges to get even their most basic needs met. Lily, the narrator, wakes up on the compound. She and the other women await the arrival of the men, who are forced to trek across the surrounding desert to arrive at the house and its grounds. Once they arrive, things begin to heat up quickly as they complete group and individual challenges for rewards like a front door, coffee, food, and water. Meanwhile, Lily makes it clear that getting on the show can be a literal lifesaver, a way to achieve status and financial options in the outside world. It’s bleak, but then again, how many people get into reality TV these days for the same reason?

Here for the Wrong Reasons by Annabel Paulsen and Lydia Wang

In Paulsen and Wang’s debut rom-com, Here for the Wrong Reasons, seemingly straight competitive rodeo rider Krystin signs up for the dating show Hopelessly Devoted with the hopes of, well, becoming hopelessly devoted to its leading man. Lauren, meanwhile, is gay as a three-dollar bill, but she’s closeted to enough people in her life that she’s able to secure a spot on the show, and she plans to get as far as she can in order to grow her influencer brand. Once she gets big enough, she figures, she’ll be able to come out to her audience. When the two women begin to have feelings for each other, they have to reckon with their individual goals outside of the show, and what it might mean to change everything for a chance at a true happily ever after.

True Story: What Reality TV Says About Us by Danielle J. Lindemann

Lindemann (who blurbed our anthology) is a professor of sociology at Lehigh University—and this year a visiting professor at Princeton—and argues that reality TV is worth interrogating because of how it affects us, the viewers. (We heartily agree, obviously!) In her deeply researched book, Lindemann sidesteps the question of how real reality TV is—because, as she points out, it doesn’t really matter when it can teach us how much our own reality is socially constructed—and instead examines the ways reality TV portrays the many intersecting identities of those who appear in them and how those portrayals largely uphold the status quo of contemporary power dynamics. She also explores how concepts like coupledom and family are constructed on reality TV, and shows how conservative ideals are nearly always the foundation for whatever seemingly liberal shenanigans we might witness onscreen. Lay readers, have no fear—while Lindemann may be an academic, this delightful book is geared toward a general audience, not the ivory tower. 

Real Love by Rachel Lindsay

Rachel Lindsay is Bachelor Nation royalty. The first Black Bachelorette, Lindsay is beloved by many in Bachelor Nation for being openly critical of the franchise and its treatment of contestants and leads of color. In her debut novel, Real Love, written with author Alexa Martin, Lindsay explores what might have happened if someone a little bit like her had said no to being on a Bachelor-like dating show. When Maya Johnson turns down the opportunity to go on Real Love and recommends her best friend Delilah instead, she feels good about it. After all, her life is going according to plan. But when Delilah becomes the show’s lead, Maya begins to wonder: Did she make a mistake? Delilah seems so happy and in love, her life entirely transformed. And while Maya might have a great career, she’s beginning to think that her grand plans for a stable, predictable future might not be fulfilling her as she’d always imagined. When her sister comes for a visit, along with a good-looking fellow traveler, Maya discovers that there might yet be some surprises and swoons in store for her too. 

The Delicious Hell of a New Jersey Sex Dungeon

Dark Horse Portal

for Deb

Portal is a video game
where you wield a gun that shoots
holes. One you go into, one you come
out of, each end delicately placed on the wall,
facing one another in Escherian drama.
In this portal, Mommy is a robot,
and the robot puts you through hell. But let's
not talk tech. In life, disparate points
may also be connected. See: leading group fitness
classes back when my body could
hold my bottomless desire for pain; and ten
years later, seated on the floor of a “dungeon”
in a nondescript New Jersey Holiday Inn,
wrapped in the arms of the woman who’s
just lavished bruises upon my ass and thighs.
But Nat, you're burying the lede.
This poem is really about “Dark Horse,” Katy
Perry’s 2013 “witchy and dark” pop hit, the video
where she, uh . . . pretends to be Egyptian?
Yeah, that song. The one to which I pushed eager
bodies into cardio panic long ago.
It was an up-tempo remix, to be clear on this.
When I taught that track, I thought I would die.
Not dying was my fantasy of resistance: in
discipline, I'd avoid coming to harm.
And yet—long since harmed—it’s 2025 and I hear
“Dark Horse” in the dungeon, where someone's getting
fucked near a portable speaker. It's the
slower radio version, but the song is the same:
near-blackout gasping, ankles shot, shorts damp
with piss from tuck jumps, alive in the hell
I once gave myself. And now I’m living in delicious
hell gifted to me by someone else.
This is not a game: I want
you to hurt me. Tell me I'm good, yes,
a good little boy—no robot. Let me be abased by
longing. And when “Dark Horse” plays again, take me
back through the hole. Be the one
who makes me feel it.

The Ninety-Two Dollar Snail

for Brigitte

Standing in a gift shop you tell me the cost
of the snail in U.S. dollars instead
of Canadian, arguing it’s less than initially supposed.
The purchase may be worth it—and yet
this all feels like too much
desire. When I say that, what do you see?
Maybe the Nova Scotian
cafe we dined in days before, where I did agree
to buy a grab bag of “treasure” and unpack
its broken contents. The reveal: a chipped mug
holding rainwater bracing
as the maritime air
I thought at first too cold
too cold to feel is how I’ve felt for so long, after all
I thought I’d forever be an icy geometry
who releases light refracted ’til it hides its hungry
source in clever ways.
Yet on this northern soil, studied designs
demand we cut up the rules of previous prototypes,
collage out something else: sunrise over
Prince Edward Island, puddles following
a brief storm. And muses:
one who wears the perfect feather earrings. Another
bearing throttled passion whose tunes I recognize.
If I had to describe it, I’d say my life’s been
a solo journaling game where I struggle to record
hurt before its bittersweet splendor is sacrificed
on the altar of new distractions—
in this case, a felted snail who undermines all rationality
by being too sweet, too
soft, and though I’ve desired
such transport before, this is the first time you
have stood by my side in view of the object in question
saying yes
there is a cost and I appreciate that it’s high
but also I understand why
you want this and I think
you can have it. You
can have it.