Have you ever come across a close friend’s love letters? In today’s world, this is more akin to accidentally reading private texts or emails open on a roommate’s laptop, but there are still the fortunate few out there who have the time and discipline and romanticism to write by hand and spell out the name of their addressee in pen. This is the feeling one gets while diving into the intimate world of Medusa of the Roses. Albeit fictionalized, typed, and within a novel, Navid Sinaki still portrays this sentiment that the reader is only overhearing a conversation, a slice of gossip, or is over-the-shoulder-reading a love letter not just from Anjir to Zal, but from a writer to a myth.
Sinaki is a video artist, creative director, and author based in Los Angeles with regular exhibitions and screenings across the world. This is clear—one can feel the immense impact of Old Hollywood films, Greek myth, and Persian cinema, poetry, and architecture, that hums right beneath the sentences of his debut novel. It is an artist’s story that glitters with the residue of a life lived in the forward aim of beauty as much as truth.
Medusa of the Roses takes place in modern-day Tehran, where homosexuality is criminalized, yet two childhood best friends-turned lovers, Anjir and Zal, have a plan: they will leave Tehran and start anew in Isfahan. After Anjir undergoes a sex-reassignment surgery and becomes a woman, they will be able to live openly as a couple while passing as cis straight people. Everything is set and ready to go—until Zal disappears and leaves an ominous note that references a younger lover. Anjir embarks to pursue this map of language and to try and find Zal, weaving through the city’s clubs, hotel rooms, museum halls, and library aisles—all in search of freedom and the person he thought he knew best in this world.
This summer, Navid Sinaki corresponded with me, not through letters (unfortunately), but the close second of email where we discussed fortune tellers, genre films, and that secret language between lovers.
Kyla D. Walker: What was the genesis of Medusa of the Roses?
Navid Sinaki: When my mom found out I was gay, she said through her tears: “Maybe we shouldn’t have left Iran.” To her, living elsewhere would have made me someone else. Of course, I’d still have fallen in love with men.
I was born in Tehran, but my parents immigrated to the U.S. when the Iran-Iraq War escalated to a number of bombings that contributed to my fear of fireworks. We would visit often during the summer, but always with the perfume of conjecture. What would it have been like if I never left Iran? How would I live? How would I love?
As a kid, I hated these visits because it meant a summer of hamburgers that tasted like kabob. It felt remarkably different from my suburban California experience. But the older I got, with each visit, I started seeing myself more and more.
Lady Fatima, a fortune teller, might have been the catalyst for my novel. The day before my final trip to Iran, I had a killer first date. The one blip was a visit to a fortune teller that told me I would never find love. “You,” she turned to Luis, my date, “All looks great for you. Good things, good things.” But she turned to me and repeated herself. “You will never find love.” She offered to burn $100 candles to clear the curse. When I told her I would think about it, that I was going to Iran the next day, she gasped. “You mustn’t travel across the sands and seas with this curse on your heart,” she said.
I did. She was the curse, one I was flattered to carry. Again, the recurring thought: What would love look like if I didn’t leave Iran? How would I evade death in a country that criminalizes homosexuality, but somehow still funds sex-reassignment surgery as a solution?
During my trip I saw a noir poster in a window (Laura), and I felt my heart pound for a man working a bread stand. A rogue sesame seed balanced on his top lip. I’d have found a way to touch him, to exchange glances that meant something more, a language that uses tongues but makes no words.
Medusa of the Roses was a braid that incorporated all the strands. I still would have discovered the music of Slowdive if my family hadn’t left Iran. I’d have found the work of Jean Genet and the films of Pasolini. Barbara Stanwyck would have made cameos in my daydreams. If I grew up in Iran, I’d still have my share of bruises, some deeper, some more brutal, all of them blue.
KW: Did the cityscape of Tehran influence the prose and writing style in Medusa of the Roses?
NS: My final trip to Iran was in my early twenties. I went knowing I wouldn’t be back. My artwork was getting more queer by the moment. Though I doubted the military guards would Google me, a fledgling artist, and find anything of worth, I still was aware of the danger.
The purpose of the trip was research. I was writing my honor’s thesis on Persian cinema from before the Islamic Revolution. These movies—exploitation and B-films, musicals and melodramas—shocked me. My favorite was one called Panjereh with a plot I recognized. When the protagonist knocked his pregnant girlfriend off a boat, I felt déjà vu. Wasn’t a similar ploy used to get rid of Shelley Winters in A Place in the Sun? It was liberating finding genre films from a place I used to think was so serious.
I was inspired by the Tehran landscape, sure, but I was always trying to memorialize who I was at that given moment. What I thought about life, how I felt about sex, and betrayals that still make me panic. Leaving Iran was always painful. By the time I got used to the time difference, we were already saying our goodbyes. I was always acutely aware that by the time we came to visit again, buildings would be demolished and some loved ones would be dead.
Writing my novel was a reverse Orpheus story. After my final visit, I left the country walking backwards, trying to take in whatever I could, conversations recorded on mini-DV tapes and photographs on a DSLR. I knew once I turned forward, the experience would solidify and there would be the curse that comes when moments end. Memory would become sculptural. It would harden. But I walked around those courtyards, those rose bakeries, the tumultuous bazaars, the Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art, and tried to breathe life into the stage set once more. For me, writing is a game of memory and erasure. There’s something wicked about squeezing details out of a moment, wringing the last bit of juice out of a sliced blood orange. Eventually, the sweetness is gone. I don’t mind the bitterness of what’s left. Sometimes pith can be delicious.
KW: How did you decide on the structure (of the narrator’s direct address to Zal) for the novel?
NS: I have been that person. I have had lengthy conversations with a lover who isn’t there. A person I might have seen in passing has become the star (or rather, the subject) of a monologue. Conversations between lovers have an intimacy and logic of their own, layered with inside jokes and resentment. Direct address allowed Anjir to be truer than any truth he would say aloud. If a language between lovers is sacred, then the unsaid is sometimes abject: plotting murders, confessing fetishes, and listing regrets. It was a language within a language.
Anjir began as a portrait of myself at that age, transplanted elsewhere. Eventually Anjir stepped sideways and became his own being.
I wanted his perspective to be brutally clear. I didn’t want to write a clean romance, because love rarely comes cleanly. Talking about Anjir in the third person felt very othering. Having him talk to Zal directly heightened his bawdy, fiery thoughts, but also deepened his melancholy. The one-sided conversation is directed at an absence, not a presence.
The difficult part of writing this novel was returning to Anjir’s voice. I could inhabit the rooms easily. In my pulpy haze, though, I sometimes left too much to the unsaid. In the revision process, I needed to tap into Anjir once more. Returning to the saturated intensity of his world was shocking. When I look back at my writing, scraps that I have kept from that time period, I’m stunned by the intensity of how it felt. I’m sure I’ll re-read what I’ve written earlier today, or last week, or last year with similar surprise. I remember who I am, but sometimes I forget who I was.
After writing, I felt like I was rescuing myself from drowning. In the Vertigo-style spiral, I was Jimmy Stewart. I was Kim Novak times two.
KW: How has your writing process or relationship to your writing evolved over time?
NS:ur too literary 4 this, someone wrote to me on Craigslist back when “no fatties, no femmes, no Asians” was the norm for M2M contacts.
What would love look like if I didn’t leave Iran? How would I evade death in a country that criminalizes homosexuality?
I was outed by my journal, so my relationship with writing has always been complicated. Perhaps it was my fault for leaving the leather-bound mass-produced diary out, but after returning home from a double cafe shift, expired cheesecake still on my lips, I heard my mom weeping. I tried to convince her the journal entry was a work of fiction. It was hard to argue with those three sentences:
My family thinks I’m going to France for a film program. I’m not. I’m going to see a boy I think I love.
I lost that journal on my ill-fated trip to France at the end of an ill-fated love affair that began when I was seventeen. Somehow the journal went missing in Charles de Gaulle airport. Should I start again with a new journal, I wondered. Would the betrayal repeat itself?
Fiction became my diary. I still jot down lists and small memories—look here! I never want to forget where I was in this moment!—but the bulk of my longing, my fantasies, and my observations, I started to bury in my characters. It helps when I’m stuck. If my character is walking down the street, I might remember walking down Sunset Boulevard straight into a spiderweb with the spider landing directly on my eye.
Grief has also changed my relationship with writing. My cousin drowned trying to leave Iran by boat somewhere between Indonesia and Australia. I tried to write about Bahareh, but I couldn’t. Nothing could capture the totality of her presence.
After a particular breakup, I kept a glass of milk on the space between stovetop burners. It’s where he set it down last. He left. I left the cup where it was for days. Out of solidarity, the milk didn’t stink too much. I panicked when I realized the liquid was evaporating. Everything as it was. That was the game. I started marking the cup with a dry erase marker to see how many millimeters it shifted. Next the panic was this: what would I do after the last bit of milk was gone? That is my writing process now. Starting with a full glass and documenting what I can before it’s all gone.
There was summer, a beach; a country they were still getting used to in the early stages of their holiday. There was a map of tourists on the sand with bared stomachs on striped towels, rows of skin pillowed up to brown in the sun. There was—ahead—the shoreline, the plastic rainbow litter of miniaturized buckets and trowels. Other people’s husbands standing desultorily over their spawn while their wives took a break, took Aperol, wore designer sunglasses, half watched little sand huts being drawn up: the erection of child-sized city-states on the coast, subject to parental patience and barely developed motor skills. There were teenaged girls in their first bikinis flirting with the local boys, and officiate beach wardens in navy polo shirts and navy shorts, lips half pursed around their whistles: eyes flickering to them, then away.
August. Sicilian islands. Sophia had taken her father out to sea. It happened naturally. She tugged his hand. She was, at that point, so much smaller than him. Her cheeks were as soft as the just-forming paunch of his stomach. The sides of her mouth were bearded with pulverized peach flesh, and clinging beach grit. Her fingers were unpleasantly sticky. She did not look like a serious person. But when she said, we go now, he hadn’t been able to imagine staying still. He took her hand and made himself move. It was hard. There was—
her little hand tugging—
(and the task of stooping to reach it; the cramped space left to pick up his knees in, and the soreness around his back, which had been a terrible new sensation in those days—)
her little hand tugging—
(the weather, which had been too warm:he hated beachwear, he had worn linen trousers in protest, he thought they looked quite good—)
her hand pulling faster—
(and the sudden fear: that they had not brought toys—one of those crude red molds of seashells she could have slapped onto the sand or an inflatable ball, though he wasn’t sure how well throwing and catching would go; the thing would have probably floated out on the water if she tried, so the question of how to entertain her, how to have fun, turned helplessly in his mind—)
they reached the shore.
Sophia’s mother watched them from the shade of a rented umbrella. Once they reached the sea, Sophia sat down in the water. Her father scooped her immediately back up. Patches of pink dress near her legs and her bottom turned mauve instead: came up wetly, like a bruise. It seemed to bother him more than her. On being set down, she’d shrugged; moved two paces forward, sat down again. She’d begun pulling fistfuls of sand up and lumping them into a mound. After some consideration, her father crouched down too—rolled up the sleeves of his button-up and his trousers.
He’d started gathering sand into his palms, sculpting more carefully than his daughter. He’d added a moat. He’d taken pebbles and stuck them near the tower’s base; made his hand into a claw and dripped slurries of sodden material over the edifice until the sand formed turrets. Each time his daughter made to help, he batted her fingers away. Sophia’s mother watched her do battle over a sandcastle; watched her pout and knock parts off as they were added. Her father laughing. Continuing to build.
It had been exhausting to guard. Sophia’s mother knew the beginnings of a tantrum when she saw one. Earlier that day she had used one arm to lift her daughter slightly above ground and another to slip a pair of blue gingham shorts under her feet while she thrashed. She’d tied a ribbon in the middle of the fabric’s elasticated waist, she’d smoothed cotton. When it was done, Sophia had scowled. She shook her head. She prepared her bottom lip for conflict.
This was a daily ritual. Sophia knew what she wanted. Another change of clothes. Another. Her father worked on his novel in the other room.
The beach; the fat pulse of the sun and its resultant waves of lightheadedness. Sophia’s mother touched her watch. She imagined swimming. She thought about how to do dinner that night, remembered dinner the night before—courtesy of her husband’s friend. Someone he hadn’t seen in years, another writer, whose daughter had been paid €15 to look after Sophia. A table of eight other strangers her husband was excited to meet again. She sat on the far side of the arrangement, away from him. That she could not keep track of their names, though evidently few people knew hers. That she had worried whether a sixteen-year-old she didn’t know was equipped enough to take care of her child. That it had been a night of not speaking, with a glass of red wine hovering under her chin by its stem, and recollections pooled by the others from university pubs she’d never been near. And—Aren’t you stunning? her least favorite of them said; gestured to the man she had married six years ago. Has he shagged you yet?
A pause. A smile. An argument on the way home.
By the sea, Sophia’s protests had subsided into laughter instead: she’d learned to make a sport of demolishment. Her mother wondered whether she had enough good humor to deliver her daughter’s hat before she got sunburn, whether she’d put enough SPF on; considered the thick square of black polyester-elastane blend flattening her breasts and mulled over whether she had the time to buy something nicer. She was tired.
When she woke from her nap, the time on the umbrella had run out. It, her husband, and child were gone. There’d been no note to explain the latter’s departure, but she could picture it. Him, gathering Sophia up, awkward but sure, with one hand supporting her thighs and the other on her shoulder. Her mouth level with his ear. He liked to steal her away like that from time to time. When he did it, he would say something inane like, Mummy needs a break, and smile at his own benevolence. It’s an image she resented: a middle-aged man in damp linen trousers, carrying her daughter. When a beach warden had asked whether, for the discounted price of €2.50, she would like the umbrella back, it had been the kindest thing she had ever heard.
In his North London kitchen, Sophia’s father measures out two teaspoons of sugar and stirs them into his cup. There is a leftover plate in front of him smeared with apple preserves and dough. He takes it to the sink. On the counter, the Evening Standard urges him to take advantage of the country’s newfound freedom by tucking into oysters at Vinegar Yard, by seeing Titian conquer love and death at the National Gallery; it asks him to eat out to help out, a phrase even he has grown bored of turning into a joke by way of past lovers’ genitalia. The paper extols the benefits of a UK-based ‘staycation’—a word he has crossed out by hand in vermilion pen.
One evening in April, after a month of making small-talk in his local corner shop with whoever could bear to stand near him for an hour, he sat in front of a pixelated image of the foreign secretary, whose hands conducted such nightly proceedings in absence of the prime minister—he had fallen ill. A gold wedding band had flashed forward with statesmanlike authority while Sophia’s father heard change to our social-distancing measures now would risk a significant increase in the spread; while he heard damage to the economy over a longer period; while he heard measures must remain in place for at least the next three weeks. The hazmat-inspired podium on-screen played on with other speakers for the duration of an hour. He’d called Sophia first. When she didn’t pick up, he called her mother instead and howled. It’s not something his daughter knows about. She’d sent him a text the following morning with a smiley face, having only just recharged her phone. His ex-wife was already in the guest bedroom, unpacking a suitcase into its wardrobe when he cried in slower, longer breaths the second time, and lingered over the typed-out emoticon. With great patience, she taught him how to install a popular new form of video-call software as a way to breach this new form of distance.
Not seeing Sophia, in itself, was not an uncommon event. When his ex-wife left him, there were no arguments about who their daughter would go with. She had been small enough to need constant care he felt it was more natural for her mother to give, and which he couldn’t, because of his work. Gaps in contact became part of their relationship. He took care to mend them—with humor, with presents, and affection. He always wanted to know what she was turning into while she was gone.
He always wanted to know what she was turning into while she was gone.
During the months in which it had been unclear whether it was safe to see Sophia in person or not, his ex-wife had tactfully left the house once a week under the guise of shopping for food while his daughter moved haltingly across his screen, voice cutting and returning out of sync, face bleached by light coming in from a window in her background. When the calls finished, his ex-wife would reappear with stems of tulips he’d never have thought to buy for himself when alone. He’d watched her move about the house in clothes she’d worn when they were married. She left him again yesterday. Today, he sets his coffee down on the fat lip of the bathroom’s sink and rakes a comb through his hair. He clips his nails and rubs cream into his hands, takes a clothes brush over the light wool of his gray suit. Twenty minutes later, a cab dispenses him in front of a theater in Covent Garden.
Quarter to two in the afternoon. The first thing he does is text Sophia to say he has made it. He sends a smiley face as an afterthought. Then, he lights a cigarette by the building’s edge and searches the crossing to his right. Traffic. Horns coming up from the Strand. People’s sandals, jackets, bags, scurrying past. There’s a woman with her head bent and her thumb on her phone—such an ugly position, he finds. But she has a beautiful olive face and he likes the red color of her shoes, so he counts her in the composition. She has stopped on the pavement. Now, he is outlining her: making more manifest the jewel drop earrings among her hair and the bangles on her wrist. There’s her calf, her thigh. There’s the twist of summer dress on her chest. As though she knows it would please him, she puts her phone in her pocket and tips her head back at the sky. He has the sun on her face. Who else could make her beautiful like this?
He does it for everyone: today is a benevolent day. A waiter in the restaurant to his left drops a tray he is using to lay silverware on the tables outside, and it’s not unpercussive, the noise it makes—he can add it, somehow, to the thrum, to the music he imagines in his head. It might be excessive, but he makes the silk anemones on the restaurant’s windows shake in their pots when it happens, little purple-pink shivers in green. The inside of the theater ahead is visible through glass walls: the people within are like marionettes, waiting to be moved. When the cigarette goes out, he puts on a cotton mask and goes in.
Now, the presence of others. He waits in a queue elongated by the space individuals keep between themselves and others. Collects his ticket, stub of stiff white; is given an orange plastic square in exchange for his suit jacket. It’s a trade down rather than off, but the room is hot. He is approached, gingerly, on whether he would like to buy a programme for £10 and accepts. Then he is served bad-wedding kind of wine at the bar, cold-misted glass smeared by hot fingers and not enough poured in: he regrets asking for it. It costs £10.25. Still, he enjoys himself. It’s the contained way everything exists in a theater. Everyone around him is doing the same: ticket, bag check, programme, drinks. Everyone is sipping the same sweating, overpriced alcohol and comparing notes on their pamphlets. If he came here tomorrow, he would find everything identical. It’s a relief that things are normal, with only slight alterations. The half-faces, with eyes peering over cloth. The arrows on the floor, directing movement. They go mostly ignored.
The thing about the theater foyer is that it has been recently renovated. The open-plan glass extension that spills seamlessly into the old front of house is new: there was less space before. The wall that has been taken down used to display posters of past and ongoing performances. There had been a greater sense of being ushered into the depths of the building, of exiting the world for a few hours to see something less real than what was outside. There had been no windows. The embrace of artificial light. How it is now, transparent, and stippled with other buildings’ shadows, with London streaming in full view, is, he supposes, a new sensibility being asked of the arts. But even so, there are good things about the building’s new set-up. At almost two o’clock, in the height of summer, the sun comes in. The foyer, where it meets the theater’s front of house, turns everything into a glasshouse where he can watch things grow.
Three-quarters of Sophia’s audience is made up of young people in their twenties and early thirties. They cluster in groups, leaving around them empty space. They know each other’s presence is the potential for sickness or death, and so they display an exquisitely exaggerated consideration in keeping to themselves. They take pictures of everything. The gold balustrades on stairways, the carved walls. They take pictures of themselves. Everything about them is as immaculate as a painting: color, pose, poise. Their fingers and dexterous wrists, managing their camera phones. None of them lean back, or let their mouths unconsciously drop open. They take off their masks and become plastic, perfectly suspended with arched backs and pursed lips. He sees them pretend to do things like drink wine or read their program before tucking away their devices to drink wine and read their programs. He enjoys watching them, and so it is almost a shame when a woman wearing a headset touches his elbow. But he likes the way she tunes her eyes fluidly into a smile above her mask. He has attempted this before and failed. She does it well. She does it so it looks real; instructs him by her example to match the same quick change of pace. She’s head of brand engagement and social media for the theater, she says. She is working on his daughter’s play. They have half an hour until it starts. Would he like a quick tour?
She leads him to a wood-paneled lift. Its doors open instantly for her. She points at his drink, apologizes and says, you’ll have to leave this; turns her head like a saint while he unhooks the cotton around his mouth and drains his medium measure of white in two awkward slugs. He leaves the glass next to a bouquet of lilies on the table beside them.
Plum carpets and mirrors on the surrounding walls. He must be very proud of Sophia following after him, the woman tells him while the lift takes them up. If she had a famous author for a father, she’s not sure she would do the same.
Yes, of course, he says, he is very proud, though he doesn’t know how accurate the word ‘famous’ is. She assumes he’s being modest; tells him she had to google his name for a picture reference of who to find in the foyer. The results had turned up his Desert Island Discs, a Telegraph article ranking him one of a hundred most important people in twentieth-century British culture, a well-stocked Wikipedia page.
Sophia’s father demurs. For all this so-called fame, she still had to google what he looked like, who he was.
For all this so-called fame, she still had to google what he looked like, who he was.
It was meant as a joke, but he can see he’s embarrassed her. He starts to say, and Sophia’s play? Do you like it?—only for the lift doors to open. She looks at him expectantly, says, Please, and waits for him to step out. Two awkward steps. He’s sorry, he pleads with her. He doesn’t know where to go.
Now she smiles in that same skilful way, with all of the uncovered parts of her face, as though something has been restored. It’s just this way, she allows, and leads him forward. He watches the back of her head recede for a moment. It has acquired, inexplicably, a kind of malevolence.
She likes his daughter’s play very much, she tells him once he has caught up. It’s very generous of him to come.
He wants to ask her what she means by this, but they are at the doorway of a booth now, where the woman in charge of social media tells him to feel free to look around from the entrance, but not to go in. She points out screens, which project the stage below. Crew members run in front of the camera. Bits of music play: loud, then not. What he is seeing is the preparation to stream that afternoon’s show on their website, his companion explains. Since mentions of the play had been doing so well on various social media, they thought they should try to broadcast it online. Audience members had become so used to replicating life on a screen thanks to the pandemic, thanks to video calls and home cinema, remote parties and kitchen discos.
To Sophia’s father, each black-clad production member is a ghost ensuring his daughter’s work haunts the internet. But he nods.
No, that is very good, he concedes, and means it. He tries to override the sudden clench of muscles in his stomach. The tech booth, with its dimmed light and damp smell, has none of the glamor of the rest of the theater. Rust-colored carpet has clots of mud and glitter in it; gunmetal and plastic equipment with raised black and red buttons protrudes from everywhere. It is a small, claustrophobic space with him lingering in the doorway. It enables everything. It does not feel right to be in it. He thinks of how beautiful the photos taken by audience members in the light-filled foyer must have been, and how ugly it is in here. On a Tannoy overhead, a woman’s voice asks him to take his seat: she tells him the afternoon’s performance will begin soon. And dimly, on a Tannoy overhead, Sophia hears a woman’s voice asking the theater’s relevant visitors to take their seats. She tells them the afternoon’s performance will begin soon.
A line from Sophia’s play:
—Would you like a cigarette?
A line from Sophia’s play:
—No. I’m always meaning to quit, aren’t you?
A line from Sophia’s play:
—I don’t think so. The body accepts its daily increments of harm.
It’s like cocktail-party conversation, Sophia’s father thinks. It makes absolutely no sense.
Onstage, the actor finishes smoking, and the obvious thud of a bedframe hitting a wall resumes, again and again. After the two actors had finished their prolonged build-up to sex, the upper section of the kitchen’s high back wall had revealed itself as a partition; lifted, introduced a new set. It was impressively done. The new set looked nothing like the kitchen: it was a white box containing a white bed and nothing else. From somewhere, a smoke machine misted the area with soft vapor.
At first Sophia’s father hadn’t been sure of the intent. The new part of the stage looked like heaven compared to the gnarled wood, the clutter it sat above. But now that he has been watching the two actors fucking in it for almost ten minutes, it looks unreal. It looks like a new-age porn set.
His first honest thought had been that a sex scene this prolonged was a brilliant device to kick off a play with. It was the sort of move that gave the overall work the potential notoriety of a classic. If it had had nothing to do with him, he would have told Sophia she was every bit as clever as her father. But the shirt on the floor is undeniably his. He’d like to inform Sophia that when he did bring women home, it happened late, and lightly, and he’s sure she never witnessed it first hand. He finds it hard to picture her lurking by the stairs. He thinks of the production crew he met in the tech booth half an hour ago moving neatly, capturing each actor’s move as it happens.
When he hears the beginning of an orgasm and knows the sex is coming to an end, he lets some saliva back into his mouth.
Shock.
Despite renovations to the exterior lot, theaters in Central London remain impossibly old. Chairs are small. Even with the new rules, where space is left between occupied seats, proximity to others is unavoidable. The great horrified hush around him is tightly strung. It would be so easy to break, and feasibly, to his advantage. How often, he reasons, do groups of middle-class theater-goers endure watching simulated sex next to strangers? That, he could say in a sensible tone, is not what happened at all. He would not even have to raise his voice too much above normal volume to be heard.
The woman to his right is still grasping her phone and the glove of four sloping bones that make up her knuckles look ready to come out of their skin. For something else to look at, he slants his eyes two seats to his left, where another woman wearing round glasses is sitting. She seems to be having the opposite reaction—she is slouched back; bored. Oddly, the woman with the phone is the older one; from the look of the top of her face, he’d put her in her thirties. Round Glasses looks like she might still be at university, possibly just out of school. She has a buzz cut. Perhaps, he thinks, it’s that the younger generation has grown up with an unavoidable stream of sex on their phones: inTV shows, in ads for perfume and cars. She is probably used to it.
Other, terrible, thoughts. Has Sophia heard him come? He listens to the actor do it and decides, evidently not.
More urgent concerns supplant that notion. He has to chew them down. First that Sophia has, however indirectly, thought of him having sex.
It is surprising to him that he cannot receive this idea with more cool. During their holiday, he made sure to write anything radically vulgar without her assistance. And the book they came out with contained very few fucks in the end—mostly, it was almost-adults making innuendo; a lot of anatomical wisecracks and longing. A lot of ships in the night. Part of him had taken it for granted that when she read the finished work, she had skipped over certain passages. The way he recalled it, the part-time nature of their relationship as it existed back then meant they had been distant enough with each other to speak frankly about sex in abstract, or else, to veil it in writer’s jargon, but too close for conversation to veer into personal context.
The next problem is that Sophia is aware of the possibility of his body existing unclothed, and that she has found it to be a problem in the world. He rids himself of the saliva in his mouth.
Sophia is aware he has a dick.
Wrong word. He can feel his tongue prune; ridges on it like an allergic reaction to bad food.
Sophia is aware he has a cock.
No.
A penis.
That settles, somewhat. Who doesn’t, after all? But then the next crushing thought. Sophia has written a play in which everyone can see a supposed representation of his penis.
He breathes; moves his knees forward until they touch the seat in front of his. He scans for something meaningless he can look at onstage while he thinks and arrives at the espresso mugs on the kitchen counter. They are plain, and blue.
Sophia has written a play in which everyone can see a supposed representation of his penis, and she has done it to evoke disgust. Possibly he is reading too much into it, but it has turned the woman to his right into a death mask, and the woman to his left cat-like with tedium. Neither option is good. There is enough in him to still feel wounded. If he could walk around the theater appealing to the audience for help, he would. He’s not sure which is the larger slight: that she will continually expose him to a new cohort night after night, or that each show will find his body ugly. And what was she thinking, casting this actor with geometrically cut pubes?
Too quickly, before there’s time to stop it, he wonders whether he’s supposed to reciprocate. What Sophia has done is undress him with clinical assurance, and perhaps he is supposed to do the same to her play. Someone like him has been conjured; it follows that she might have written herself in, too. If at some point an actress portraying her onstage emerges naked, will he be expected to keep his face level and stern? Should it go like this: here are Sophia’s breasts; there is her cunt; here is her body as meaningless event? It is not as though he did not used to, in his own matter-of-fact way, lower her into baths, or unload her from a shit-stained nappy.
But there is a difference, there is. When he finished doing those things, he pressed the soles of her then-tiny feet to his mouth and said, I love you, you’re mine. None of that care has been given him. In twenty or so years, she might have to wash him while his body degenerates. Will she find him disgusting then? Does it matter?
None of these hold a candle to the remaining fear. Glibly, he had assumed Sophia did not tell him about this play for a long time out of embarrassment; to eliminate the possibility that he might tell her it was bad. So far this is not something he can do in good faith. He’d brought his heart to his seat to watch with, and it turned out there was no need. She was better than him. Now the realization—perhaps her omission was to spare his feelings, not hers.
In the first drafts of my debut novel Medusa, I was consumed by the idea of what it meant to be a monster in a story you didn’t control. Medusa is one of the most recognizable monsters of Greek mythology, with the writhing mass of snakes for hair and the turning people to stone with one side-eyed look. Still, even with all her fame as a terrifying villain to counter the righteous young hero, we only get brief glimpses into her life. In the version of Medusa’s story that I drew inspiration from, her transformation into a snake-haired monster was the goddess Athena’s revenge for the sea god Poseidon raping Medusa in Athena’s temple. Medusa’s monstrosity is unwillingly thrust upon her, and the gods leave her to deal with the consequences.
As I pieced together what I thought Medusa’s life would be like after being transformed into a monster, her fate unraveled into a collection of choices. Does she give in to her monstrosity? Does she reject it and outcast herself from the mortal and immortal societies that scorned her? How does she make the right choice, when everyone around her already considers her the villain in their story? Except, this was Medusa’s story. Putting her at the helm of the narrative allows Medusa to make good decisions, bad decisions, and all sorts of questionable decisions in between, but importantly, it is her choice to make them. These decisions cause some to believe her to be a monster, but to others, she is a powerful woman taking control of her life.
Below are eight books I’ve loved that feature women of mythology, folklore, or history seizing control of their narrative and encouraging us to reconsider what it means to be the villain in the story, just like Medusa.
Plucked from the expansive Ramayana epic, the princess Kaikeyi refuses to allow her life to be controlled by men or gods who don’t listen. With the ability to see and influence the bonds that connect her to other people, Kaikeyi maneuvers herself into becoming a favored queen, diplomat, warrior, and mother. But Kaikeyi’s choices are at odds with the will of the gods, and her decisions could lead to the destruction of the life and family she fought so hard to secure. What, and who, is she willing to sacrifice for what she believes in? Patel weaves together a beautiful narrative of a vilified queen and contextualizes the infamous decision that changed her life and the lives of those she loves.
The first book in a wildly vivid, brilliant duology that reimagines the life of Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor who founded the Ming Dynasty in the 14th century, begins when a young orphaned girl steals her brother’s identity to join a monastery in rebellion-stricken imperial China. Just when she has settled into her new identity and demanding life, the monastery is destroyed. Zhu refuses to crumble into fear and instead decides to claim her brother’s Mandate of Heaven, giving her a power that only men have held before. She is thrown into a political battle for the empire that brings her friends and enemies alike, and though her choices could bring chaos, she is willing to do anything to prove she can rule.
Drawing from Mexican folklore and set in the Jazz Age, the story centers on Casiopea, a young girl who dreams of escaping her grandfather’s house in southern Mexico where she is treated like a servant and tormented by her cousin. Her dream becomes possible when she accidentally frees and binds herself to the spirit of a Mayan death god and agrees to help him reclaim Xibalba, the Mayan underworld, from his sacrifice-hungry brother. Against all sense, Casiopea throws herself in the middle of an ancient rivalry and into an adventure that takes her through Yucatán, Mexico City, and straight to the underworld. However, being bound to a god of death has its consequences, and she soon faces a trial that puts her dreams, her life, and the fate of the world at stake. Moreno-Garcia’s masterful storytelling accentuates the strength of one woman’s convictions even in the face of death.
In this queer space opera reimagining of the rise, fall, and witch-hunt persecution of Joan of Arc, Yang delves into the story of an unremarkable mining planet citizen who is suddenly drawn into a terrible war due to the discovery of their saint-like abilities. Misery doesn’t believe they are a saint, just a victim of voidmaddness whose “angelic prophecies” could very well be delusions. Swept up in the faith of others, she has no choice but to go along with the claim to sainthood and join the battle. However, as the angel’s voice in her mind grows stronger, Misery finds herself amongst rebels and outcasts to the empire and begins to question her loyalties along with her sanity.
Richly inspired by the cultures of the pre-Columbian Americas, the first book in the Between Earth and Sky trilogy introduces Xiala, a disgraced captain with a siren’s power to control seas and minds alike, Naranpa, a Sun Priest struggling to hold her society together as the cosmos predict her downfall, and Serapio, a blinded man fated to become a god. Tasked with sailing Serapio to the Sun Priest’s city, Xiala reckons with past mistakes and how her role in the web of destiny could change the world as she knows it. Roanhorse’s captivating world-building creates a stunning backdrop for her characters, who are as compelling in their ambitions as they are in their carnage.
Marlinchen and her two sisters are the last remaining witches in a city that is leaving magic behind for the bright promise of industry. Her father, a wizard inherently distrustful of the changing world, keeps his daughters hidden away and relegated to performing simple cures for paying customers. However, the sisters are not satisfied with such a restricted life, and one night when they sneak out to experience the city, Marlichen is captivated by a ballet dancer who seems to be just as trapped as she is. When a mysterious monster brings gruesome fear to the city, Marlichen finds herself torn between her growing infatuation with the dancer and her duty to her family and the magic it possesses. A gothic horror retelling of Grimm’s “The Juniper Tree,” the story digs deep into the black heart of a woman and lays it bare for all to see.
Living in exile, the Chinese goddess of the moon Chang’e has kept her daughter Xingyin a secret from the Celestial Emperor. When Xingyin is almost discovered, she flees her home and lives in disguise in the Celestial Kingdom, determined to find a way to lift her mother’s banishment. Xingyin accidentally forms a useful, but dangerous friendship with the emperor’s son and gains renowned skills in archery and magic. While her relationship with the prince blooms, Xingyin sets out on a perilous quest that will bring her face-to-face with legendary creatures and a dangerous bargain, but she is willing to risk everything for her mother. This is the first book in a sweeping duology that artfully depicts the world, creatures, and gods of Chinese mythology, woven together by Xingyin’s tenaciousness and compassion.
Using both modern retelling and mythic depictions, MacLaughlin writes about the women, monsters, and everything in between from Ovid’s Metamorphoses and allows the stories to stretch beyond their original few lines. These devoted but brutal visits into the tales of Arachne, Scylla, Io, and Medusa draw out the violence that lurks beneath the gilded veneer of Greek mythology and give a voice to the women who endure the remarkable. The stories are told in a variation of styles that breathe new life into the ancient myths, and make you reconsider the stories you thought you knew by putting the narrative into the women’s clawed, scarred, and grasping hands.
I am thirteen years old, fresh out of seventh grade, and it’s my greatest dream to watch, no make, two boys kiss, though I haven’t put it into those exact words just yet. In the backseat of my aunt’s SUV, on a drive to a lake in Vermont, I listen to “Closing Time” by the soon-to-be-forgotten band Semisonic and think about Draco Malfoy and Harry Potter kissing—based on a piece of fan art my friend showed me on her family computer in her parents’ basement. This piece was, for some unknown reason, also called “Closing Time.”
The lyric “I know who I want to take me home” hits me particularly hard. Not because I want to be taken home by Draco or Harry, but because I want them to want to be taken home by each other. It’s a confusing feeling, a new fantasy that doesn’t exactly involve me as a person, as opposed to my other current romantic fantasy (that Heath Ledger will kiss me on the lips after a pillow fight in the school gym). I finally understand, I think, what it is to yearn for someone, to long for them in an adult way, beyond the crushes I’ve had on boys at school. Harry and Draco are not even my favorite characters from the series (which is my entire life in the early 2000s up until JK Rowling’s justified cancelation). First the fan art, then the song, stir a feeling within me that, unfortunately, will never be un-stirred.
Two years later, I buy a Brokeback Mountain t-shirt at Hot Topic and wear it to school. I’m a freshman in a small town in rural Iowa. I assume I will be teased— it’s 2006 and historically not a great year to be gay—but I’m not, presumably because 1) most of the other teenagers don’t know what the shirt’s referring to, and 2) I am not a gay man, so the overall message seems to confuse anyone who might understand the shirt. I am a straight, bookish CIS white girl and, despite feeling out of place in my farming town, I swim in privilege. The gay boys at my school, who are all closeted until after high school, vehemently do not wear gay lover merchandise. The only person who spots the reference is a new girl who tells me she likes Brokeback Mountain too. We go on to be friends for the next fifteen years, welded together, so fittingly, by our teenage horniness for watching Jake Gyllenhaal and, love of my life, Heath Ledger have sex in secret.
Fast forward nearly twenty years, and here I am, thirty-two years old in the year of our lord 2024, talking about the movie Challengers in the basement of my adult best friend, Rebecca’s house.
It’s my greatest dream to watch, no make, two boys kiss.
“It is the story of one woman bravely making two hot men kiss,” I say, only half joking.
My friend turns to her husband. “It’s all we wanted,” she says. I continue to make friends well into my adulthood based on a manic thirst for fictional characters and, apparently, men kissing. Ideally, a combination of both. “You don’t understand,” Rebecca explains. “We worked so hard to make boys kiss.”
I listen to “Closing Time” again in my car driving home and think about Patrick and Art from Challengers, trying to make myself feel something. Preferably, horny. Well, not horny exactly. But filled with that same teenage yearning.
After seeing Challengers in theaters, my partner, Spencer, and I sit at a brewery and debate who’s hotter: Mike Faist or Josh O’Connor. “Josh O’Connor has that crooked smile,” Spencer says as if that settles the debate. Spencer is bisexual and only came out publicly as an adult. I finish an entire glass of brewery sangria, which is not good, and decide being married is the best thing ever. I wish someone had told me at thirteen, fourteen, when I so desperately longed for a boyfriend (or two!), that being married to a man would someday include discussing my favorite topic: cute boys.
As I talk about Challengers, in the brewery with Spencer, in Rebecca’s basement, and then furiously over Facebook Messenger with my high school best friends, I think fondly of the gay male romances that shaped me. It’s like reflecting on old boyfriends, long-gone lovers of my youth. Except, unlike old boyfriends, I still feel the fire of that attachment without lingering adolescent embarrassment. My ideal love story, unfortunately, still remains me, a straight high school girl, and two fictional men exploring their sexuality, one preferably played by Heath Ledger.
But there’s still the elephant in the room: that I am not a gay man. I’m not even a gay woman. I realize now that I’m a voyeur. Not in the Gay Telese’s The Voyeur Motelway—I have never made a peephole to watch unknowing women undress; I have never bought binoculars to catch my neighbors have sex. It makes me uncomfortable to even imagine overhearing a friend having sex. But that does not exempt me from my own greedy desire to watch. And specifically, to watch men kiss. I’m an outsider foaming at the mouth with my desire to observe, to co-opt. I ask myself: Is this appropriation? My horniness for Art and Patrick in Challengers? Why am I filled with an extra thrill when we see Patrick swiping on Tinder through both men and women? Why do I want so badly for him to be gay (or at least bi or pan) and, specifically, for him to be gay with Art?
It’s important to note that Challengers director Luca Guadagnino is an out-gay male director. It is, ultimately, a queer story by a queer filmmaker. But it does not escape me that the most tantalizing and literal selling point of the film is Zendaya-as-Tashi’s observation. The iconic poster, an image that will live with me for the rest of my days, is Tashi watching Art and Patrick literally reflected in her glasses. Where the story departs from something like Call Me By Your Name—Guadagnino’s 2017 film, which is also a gay romance, and also derailed my life in the most beautiful way at the time—is in Tashi’s observation, and ultimately her orchestration, and this is where I, in turn, feel seen.
Guadagnino is a queer male director, but Challengers is not told from the perspective of a gay (or straight) man. Sure, it flirts with the POV of Patrick and Art, watching them watching Tashi’s perfect, muscular legs in her tennis skirt. But isn’t the audience of Challengers watching less because we want Tashi, but because we want to be Tashi? And then we would use that Zendaya-Tashi magic to make Mike Faist and Josh O’Connor kiss in front of us? Art and Patrick are Tashi’s naughty paper dolls, her Draco and Harry, pushed together like two Ken dolls and finally made to kiss.
Is this appropriation? My horniness for Art and Patrick in Challengers?
I don’t think it’s wrong for the movie Challengers to sell this specific fantasy, nor for me to buy what it’s selling. I also don’t think it’s wrong to feel titillated or moved deeply by love stories beyond our own orientation. In fact, I’d find it offensive to suggest otherwise. So after saying all that, why do I still worry it’s wrong to enjoy it so much? Some part of me suspects it comes from the fear that straight women like me need to place themselves at the center of every narrative, or that I can only relate to stories if I see myself directly in them. But I’m not convinced those things apply here. Maybe it’s just because I feel the need to understand why I like to watch to begin with.
I make my high school best friend, Tacy, read the pitch for this essay after we attend a mutual friend’s baby shower. She pauses, taking it seriously, then nods. Yes, she wants to read this essay, she says. Yes, she feels seen. “I think it has to do with the fact that at that age…” she starts, referring to us from middle school to high school. “At that age, you’re figuring out your sexuality, but there’s safety in romance, and sex that doesn’t involve you.” She’s so smart, I think. An expert in the field if ever I saw one, the former owner of a life-sized cardboard cutout of Legolas. Another of our high school friends also had a true-to-life Legolas cutout, and I can only assume we made the two of them kiss after a long night of eating jalapeño poppers and looking at Tumblr. We were not cool in high school.
“There’s also a sense of yearning,” she says. The return of my favorite word. “Because, especially in the early 2000s, gay male love stories felt so forbidden.” Tacy thinks, then thoughtfully clarifies. “When you’re a girl at that age, everything you want in terms of sex or romance feels new and a little bit taboo.” She’s right. It’s easy to see yourself in this forbidden, hidden love story of two gay men. Even if you’re not really any of those things.
Female sexuality or desire was not discussed at my high school nor in the media I was being served at the time. I would not wear a t-shirt that advertised that I personally wanted to have sex with Heath Ledger, only sharing that I thought it was cool if that happened with another man in a movie. Brokeback Mountain, as opposed to Challengers, is a film where the women are actively and intentionally shut out of the fantasy. If I’m so obsessed with stories where I can see myself, I wonder why I never really cared about Michelle Williams’ character, who presented an uncomfortable, more relatable version of myself—a mousy straight woman from the middle of nowhere who also wants to have sex with Heath Ledger and is left betrayed and sexually unsatisfied.
What does it say about female sexuality that of all my close female friends, none of us pined for Hermione, a fellow know-it-all with weird hair, to get absolutely railed by some hot, male wizard? It’s scary to place yourself in that fantasy as a teen girl, both literally and figuratively. There’s fear in being perceived as a sexual being, fear in what would happen if people knew about your desires, fear that those desires might put you in danger. I remember girls at my high school who had bad reputations, the kind of girls my parents might euphemistically call “fast” or “loose.” It wasn’t that my friends and I were less horny, less thirsty for adolescent love and attention. We just publicly cloaked it in the safety of boys, borrowing their privilege and often hiding behind it. And then, in turn, ignored our own privilege exerted over the actually gay or queer boys in our high school class. We could talk about boys kissing all we wanted, because there was no risk that we would ever be treated as badly as a gay teenage boy in smalltown Iowa in 2005. It was weird and bad, exhilarating and horny all at the same time—as most of being an adolescent is.
Isn’t the audience of Challengers watching less because we want Tashi, but because we want to be Tashi?
In Challengers, I see myself, as well as all the friends I forged in the trenches of Tumblr and FanFiction.net. At no point did I fear for Tashi’s safety in a romantic or sexual situation. She controls the fantasy that so fed my adolescent years; she’s everything I couldn’t allow myself to imagine in seventh grade listening to Semisonic. In fan fic terms, she is the queen of the self-insert.
Though in the brewery afterward, Spencer and I agreed that this fantasy the movie is selling is also where it falls short:it never delivers the throuple. There is not a threesome on screen despite the film’s advertising showing again and again Art, Patrick, and Zendaya’s Tashi on the hotel bed together. It disappointed us both that we don’t get to see the three of them, for lack of a better term, in action. I tell Tacy these complaints when we talk, and once again, she blows my mind. When I say I’m sad there’s no throuple, she says: “But Emily! There is.” As if she’s shaking my shoulders, eyes wide at my appalling ignorance. Did I not watch the movie? Did I not see that orgasmic shout from Tashi that ends the film? This is a threesome; it’s happening right there on the tennis court. I have missed the obvious, and I am thrilled. I think, again, that Tacy is smarter than me.
The film (spoiler) does not need to show the climactic threesome that, according to Guadagnino, follows the film’s final tennis match. Our imagination fills in the details. What my friends and I wanted, in middle school, in high school, as horny little goblins raised on the internet was, and is, to watch Zendaya watch them, and we’re more than happy to imagine it ourselves.
My favorite part of the film is the three-way kiss between all leads on a hotel bed, slobbery and complicated in its choreography. The scene morphs into something more exciting for both us and Tashi. A two-way kiss between just the boys. These two boys that will take the entire film to accept their real love, lust, and most importantly, yearning for each other. Tashi pulls away, lying back on the bed, looking as good as anyone has ever looked on film, to observe.
In this moment, more than the sexual fantasy, I see the fantasy of power. She doesn’t back away from her own desire and, in turn, her own orchestration. She knows she is the main character. As she leans back on the bed; the boys continue without her. I see more clearly than ever: there can be power in the watching.
Growing up in the Appalachian sliver of Virginia, I was surrounded by magic.
My great grandmother, with her fourth grade education, had an astonishing memory. My little brother could see spirits. My mother had the lithe 90’s beauty and preternatural capability of the modern witches my brother and I worshiped in movies like Practical Magic. And, of course, I grew up hearing the story of my grandmother who had once practiced Appalachian folk magic before she swore off “the work”, which inspired my debut novel Strange Folk.
The magic in my family felt partly like a birthright, like something absorbed from generations of stubborn joy and hardship. It also seemed to come from the land itself–there is something about growing up in nature, cut off from the rest of the world, that encourages a strangeness to take root and bloom in a person. It can be a thorny, psychedelic flower–what sets us apart from others also sets us apart–but it can also be a source of pride, and Strange Folk is, if anything, a celebration of this magic.
The novel follows Lee and her two children as they return to her estranged magical family in Appalachia. After years of rootlessness and alienation, they each discover new powers and old mysteries–ones that must be solved before the force of history pulls them under.
I have compiled a list of books about people from rural places, both real and imagined, who also possess supernatural abilities. These characters’ journeys demonstrate how suffering and scarcity can produce extraordinary talents, as well as the power of nature and the memories held by the land and its spirits.
On the fictional island of Gont, a young boy discovers he possesses an exceptional power when he saves his village from marauders by summoning a great fog. He begins his magical training with a wise mage through slow, deep communion with the earth, but quickly becomes a victim of his own hubris and makes a grave mistake that will haunt him for the rest of his life. As he attends a magical school, takes his first job taming a dragon with a secret name, and battles a shadow that stalks him from land to land, his greatest lesson becomes not how to wield his immense power, but how to confront his own frailty.
The allure of this literary masterpiece extends far beyond its prescribed age group with its brilliantly precise prose, complex characters, and universal themes. A certain boy wizard series written decades after this published in 1968 wouldn’t exist without this book.
It’s 2024 in Southern California and the world is literally burning, due to devastating climate change and a drug called pyro that sends its users into pyromaniacal rampages. Teenage Lauren has only ever known the small universe of her gated neighborhood where life is limited and resources are sparse, but at least they are safe behind its walls.
As a result of her mother’s drug use, Lauren was born with hyper-empathetic powers wherein she can feel others’ emotions, particularly their pain, which has become a pervasive emotion in this world. When pyro users attack her community, she will use this power and her singular outlook to survive and inspire hope amidst the great suffering she encounters on the outside.
Published in 1993, Butler’s prescience is staggering, and the skill with which she injects humanity into this speculative tale sets Parable apart in the canon. Emotions are power, not weakness, in this captivating story.
Have you ever wondered where Shakespeare got his inspiration for Hamlet? This book does just that, beginning in 16th century England with Agnes, a talented, misunderstood woman more at home in the woods than in town, who can divine information about people and heal with potions made from plants. When she falls in love with a latin tutor named William, they build a life gilded by her gifts and scarred by a profound loss that ultimately inspires the play.
The book is a beautiful portrait of universal experiences like adolescence, marriage, and motherhood told through the extraordinary lens of a woman with magical powers.
Seventeen-year-old Marie is cast out of the royal court for being in love with the Queen and sent to live in a rural nunnery in 12th century England. As she communes with nature and her fellow female outcasts, she transforms the nunnery and its land according to her powerful, ecstatic visions, creating a feminist utopia in the midst of a patriarchal church.
Written with powerful yet tender prose, Marie’s passion and will propels the narrative forward in lush, muscular fashion. It is a compelling and entirely unique depiction of a life lived almost entirely among women and shaped according to their unmitigated imaginations.
One day while driving across a bridge in antebellum Virginia, Hiram, a man born into slavery with a photographic memory, is seized by a sudden memory of the mother he loved, and next thing he knows, his cart has been transported into the water. Through this tragic experience that claims the life of his brother, he discovers that he can transport himself over impossible distances using the power of his vivid memories, particularly of his mother. Using this incredible ability, he strives to secure his freedom and that of others, meeting other magical people along the way.
The power of personal and historical memory fuels the supernatural in this book, in a dynamic metaphor for how these forces can lead to liberation.
Ava Bigtree is a curious, big-hearted thirteen-year-old who has been left alone at her family’s defunct backwoods Florida alligator theme park by her reckless, idealistic father, her doggedly practical brother, and her sister who has the ability to see ghosts. When the sister falls in love with a spirit and disappears to find him in the underworld, Ava sets out to rescue her.
Each member of the Bigtree family is seeking transcendence, but in different ways–through magic, love, fame, fortune, or the elusive “normal life”. The supernatural abilities in this book are somewhat ambiguous, as some of them are proven fraudulent by the end, but part of the beauty of the novel is that it’s never demystified completely.
When thirteen-year-old Jojo’s father is released from prison, he, his mother, and his sister set off on a road trip through Mississippi to retrieve him. His mother is an addict who can see the ghost of her brother when she is high. At the prison, the ghost of a boy joins their party, and it seems Jojo has inherited his mother’s ability to see spirits when he listens to his story, uncovering a piece of history long buried.
Addiction itself offers supernatural abilities in this book, demonstrating how being high can often feel magically transcendent. But Jojo is able to see ghosts without the drugs, and his power seems to come from inheritance as well as the force of the past and its enduring pain that still lives in the land under his feet.
Teenage Max has just arrived in rural Alabama from Germany with two secrets–he is gay, and he can bring dead things back to life. He will have to protect these secrets carefully as he navigates this toxically masculine, viciously Christian, and football-obsessed new landscape, oscillating between trying to fit in and making friends with the local witch boy.
The intertwining of queerness and magic is beautifully done here. While his powers may not have come from this rural place, their consequences brilliantly illuminate the danger and complexity of the setting.
If you lose your hearing, how does the world around you change? What contours of one-on-one conversations become harder to make out, what details of a bustling room come into sharper focus? What creature comforts do you stubbornly cling to all the while?
Adèle Rosenfeld’s Jellyfish Have No Ears is about a woman going deaf gradually and then suddenly: an intimate novel in which the narrator’s mishearings conjures up all sorts of surreal circumstances. At a new job, an imaginary WWI soldier comments on the death certificates she has to scan; as she comes to terms with an increasingly unfamiliar city, she catalogs the sounds she’s losing as well as the “miraginary” plants through which she gets a new handle on reality—one in which she has to decide whether or not to get a cochlear implant and trade one form of hearing for another.
When the novel came out in France, it was met with acclaim and compared positively to Boris Vian’s Mood Indigo and Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland. As a deaf translator with a cochlear implant, it was a true treat to bring Jellyfish Have No Ears into English, and on the occasion of its publication this August, Rosenfeld and I traded emails about the book’s wildness and wonder, and the singular feeling of finding, in these imaginary characters, our real selves.
Jeffrey Zuckerman: Every time I talk about this book with my friends, they comment on how much they love the title: Jellyfish Have No Ears. In the two years I’ve been working on this book, I’ve found myself calling it two things: “the jellyfish book” and “the book about someone going deaf.” Did you have nicknames for the book, too?
Adèle Rosenfeld: I personally call it “my jellyfish” (in the plural) or even just “jellyfish,” and, with this translation, that nickname is even better, because jellyfish can and do cross the Atlantic Ocean!
While I was writing it, I had a working title, “Absourdité”—a pun on absurdité, absurdity, using sourdité, the French word for deafness. That was while I was preoccupied with the question “what is gained when one loses something?” which sums up the trajectory of a narrator growing more and more deaf.
JZ: Which was your own trajectory, too. When a novel’s narrator and its author have something in common—as with hearing impairment here—people often assume the book must be autobiographical or autofictional. But I remember you telling me in Paris that it was more interesting than that: Louise’s life was one that might be yours, but isn’t. What sparked this possibility for you?
AR: To plumb such a personal subject, I really needed to create a pure character, a literary double whose life was entirely her own, so that my creativity and imagination could take center stage and that way I could explore this topic, which had long been more or less a secret of mine. That was the condition under which I could probe deafness as honestly as possible. Mario Vargas Llosa has a phrase in Letters to a Young Novelist that I’m particularly fond of: writing as a reverse striptease. Rather than revealing herself, the author pulls on clothes that aren’t hers. I needed to have my narrator lead a life that wasn’t my own: her professional life, her romantic relationships, her friends, her family, are all pure fiction—but her unique qualities, her disability, and the particular relationship to the world that those create are all a dramatization of the feelings and the questions I had. I also felt a need to go all the way and—spoiler alert!—to have her experience what lies ahead for me, so as to get a grip on my future.
JZ: This is a book about loss, and about ways of dealing with that loss. As Louise loses more and more of her hearing, she decides to make what she calls a “sound herbarium,” where she preserves sounds like dried plants. Where did that idea come from? And did this book end up becoming, for you as a writer, a similar way of preserving something—not necessarily hearing—that you yourself were losing?
AR: My view is that any literary endeavor is borne out of a wish to preserve something on the brink of extinction: a movement, a gesture that will soon go extinct and that the writer attempts to preserve at all costs by putting it into proper language, by, as it were, translating it.
This idea of a sound herbarium came to me as I myself was setting down sounds after a hearing loss. Because I couldn’t recognize them anymore, I was trying to describe them to relearn how to hear. All the while, I’d grown interested in the herbaria of WWI soldiers. Some of those men—which we French call “Poilus”—gathered flowers on the battlefields, dried them, and sent them to their girls. And so the idea occurred to me to record sounds on paper in a poetic way, it became a literary inevitability. The metaphor of an herbarium sums up my process very neatly: glean the acoustic world, transform fleeting, living matter through poetic power into literary, hidebound matter. I also liked the thought that there would be GPS coordinates for where the sound had been gleaned, like in present-day herbaria.
JZ: There are also lots of plants in the novel that aren’t real, like the alastic lichen, which reproduces by sighs of “alas.” Where did all these “miraginary” plants come from? Are you secretly a botanist like the woman slowly turning into a tree in the book’s second half?
AR: Pretty much! I can’t get enough of botany, or at least the names given to plants and the way we talk about them: physical description, the properties we ascribe to them, their specificity. I actually made a chapbook, L’Herbier miraginaire, in collaboration with a photographer/filmmaker, where I kept going with this catalog of made-up plants, which are every bit as much emotional states which the codes of scientific language are coopted to describe. I do have a fondness for so-called encyclopedic fictions . . .
JZ: Speaking of made-up things, on the third and fourth drafts of my translation, I found myself going off the grid for weekends at a time to deal with the dozens and dozens of puns. I’d tell my friends I was busy being a pun factory for a few days. One of the most deliciously difficult constraints was the fact that some of the puns and misunderstandings take on a life of their own. Louise has to hear a particular word as “soldier” and it’s important that the word not change in translation because that very soldier ends up accompanying her through the book; he even sleeps with her friend! I felt like Alice in Wonderland: I had no choice but to play along! Did you start writing Jellyfish Have No Ears and find the surrealism sneaking in, or were you already starting to find yourself thinking in this vein and then the book came flowing out?
AR: All the wordplay had to be absolute torture for you as a translator! I can’t thank you enough for being a pun factory and not cursing me out!
What I wanted to do was to depict a personal relationship with language, to make something out of mishearings, and above all to turn a deficiency, a deformation of language, into a richness, just like Ghérasim Luca—a poet quoted in one of my epigraphs—who, by causing his tongue to stammer, draws out the many meanings of words, shows us wholly new directions, and gives us an unforgettable experience. I love that you mention Alice in Wonderland: that’s one of the books that always stayed close at hand as I wrote my novel. The underlying premise of Alice in Wonderland is that reality is shaped by words. Which I conveyed in Jellyfish Have No Ears as well: words are distorted by deafness, and so reality is distorted as well, and so the narrator can end up living with a soldier, or a dog can appear during a job interview because she picks out sounds that resemble barking. Surrealism came into the text by way of this exploration, this playfulness that reveals this warped relationship with the world. This playfulness was present from the start of my writing: it was the only way I could see of handling such a topic, of examining it, and making it, in the purest sense, “wonder-ful.”
JZ: I will say, though, for all the book’s fillips of unreality, it is deeply rooted in reality. Paris’s buses and métros and RERs crisscross the book, as do its impenetrable bureaucracy. And then there are its museums! When I was in Paris two summers ago, I knew I had to visit the Museum d’histoire naturelle, and I opened up the PDF of your book on my phone and your chapter set in the museum became my guided tour as I walked around its main room. As you were writing Jellyfish Have No Ears, did you find that particular places or things in the real world sparked scenes in the novel?
What I wanted to do was to make something out of mishearings, and above all to turn a deficiency, a deformation of language, into a richness.
AR: It’s so touching and meaningful that the scene at the Museum d’histoire naturelle led the way during your visit! Places are the true motors of writing. For me, they do exert literary force. The Museum d’histoire naturelle in Paris is a fascinating place: it still has the old-fashioned décor of its earliest years, with its handwritten display labels, the taxidermy techniques of that time. You can go and see skeletons in vitrines arranged in “live” poses, and there’s always a throng of visitors around the displays of “monsters.” Museum visits lend themselves to moments of deep contemplation. These are places where our knowledge of the world expands; they encourage introspection, I’d say, and trigger associations of ideas, poetic juxtapositions, reflections, all of which can blow apart seemingly intractable character problems, as happened with Louise in Jellyfish Have No Ears during that scene in the museum.
Places are structuring, essential frameworks that carry ambiances and histories that inspire writing and articulate the existential problem of the characters in my mind. Sometimes, it’s a little detail that’s the spark, for example a plastic plant in a waiting room, or it’s a specific sensation, as in the bathroom, which provides an acoustic space that I put into play in a scene in the novel.
JZ: I’d forgotten about the bathtub scene with Louise and Thomas whispering across the water, actually! I’ve been so surprised that when I have conversations with friends about Jellyfish Have No Ears, they’ll fixate on sections I didn’t think twice about. There’s a whole scene where Louise is on a bus and works on describing and isolating the different sounds she hears, and I hadn’t dwelled on it further until I got a text message about it. Do you ever look through the book again and feel surprised by what’s there? Would you have written a totally different book if you were trying to explore the same questions not in 2019 but in 2024?
AR: What’s odd is that I mainly remember the context in which one scene or another was written. The same way that, with reading a book, I remember where I read it, the atmosphere, the mood I was in, it’s like a snapshot of a moment, it’s the same phenomenon. Which leads me to my answer to your second question: each scene was borne out of a need. In 2019, I was dealing with a severe loss of hearing. With Louise, I was able to displace this experience and regain language.
JZ: So often, when I’m translating a book, I’ll get so deeply into it that I have a hard time letting go afterwards. Was it the same for you? What do you miss about Louise and Jellyfish Have No Ears now?
Something changed in my relationship to New York City during the pandemic. I don’t know how to describe it. I’m still figuring out what I mean. In the three years I lived here before March 20, 2020—the day after my thirty-first birthday, when the city of go! go! go! was told to shut up and stop—I thought New York City was fine, perfectly fine I guess, but I was wary. I was in the Big Apple! The city of glitz and glamor! I spent most of my days stepping over dog shit and waiting on crowded platforms for trains that sometimes never showed up.
It is true that there was art to see, and that was nice; delectable places to eat and massive boroughs to explore. But still, I couldn’t shake the feeling that the City and I were out of step. I’d seen the films and heard the stories: New York City—America’s mecca for misfits and dreamers, freaks and believers; which is lovely, but there’s also the smog, the high rents, the rats (so many rats), the half-broken subway, the stalled wages, the manholes that sometimes catch fire next to piles of oozing trash, the fucking subway, and always, everywhere, the incessant stench of day-old pee. I found it excruciating. It all felt a bit insufferable. I came to learn that to be in New York City is to be in pain.
I was an adjunct professor in English back then, which meant my life was all rushing down subway stairs to squeeze between closing doors as I shuttled from one classroom to the next. First stop was Fordham in the Bronx via the D, then the Fashion Institute of Technology inManhattan on the C/E, followed by City Tech in Brooklyn by way of the A—which was ugh because the A was always delayed. But there were breakdancers. Young boys no older than fifteen or sixteen would squeeze onto the cramped subway car, moving their bodies in ways I had only seen in the movies, dancing in front of me, and doing so for free. My phone’s camera roll quickly filled with videos of them popping and locking to trap music warbling from speakers hidden in slim backpacks. I made a point to carry dollar bills just so I had something to give them—a little way to say, thanks for the smile.
I obsessed over the breakdancers when the stay-at-home orders came down.
I obsessed over the breakdancers when the stay-at-home orders came down. Sitting in the living room of my Washington Heights apartment, I scrolled again and again through their videos, reliving the heat and stink from strollers squeezed next to bicycles and backpacks as the boys kept dancing, their sweaty bodies screaming, alive! My wife and I, we said nothing those first few days. We shuffled around our apartment in stunned silence amid the empty skies and quiet streets, no dogs yelping or music thumping. Outside, the leaves swirled and settled around nothing at all as the Great City stood very, very still.
There was a man who lived on my block. He had a dog—a spoiled little chihuahua, probably about six or seven pounds, with a graying muzzle and tongue always hanging out the side of its mouth. The man liked to smoke on his building’s front stoop with the dog curled up inside his jacket. Didn’t matter that it was spring. He didn’t care that it was no longer cold. He kept the dog close. Everytime I passed with my boxer pup, his chihuahua would peek over the lapel of his jacket then set its face in a nasty snarl. The dog’s whole body shook as it barked, high-pitched screeches that made my shoulders seize. My boxer would perk up then yank on her leash, hyper with excitement. She thought the dog wanted to play. I’d pull her to me, hissing her name again and again to make her calm. I hated this ritual, but there was no avoiding it: his stoop was right next to my building’s front door. But what got me is that he never did anything. Not once did he tell his dog to stop. He’d see us step out and his chihuahua would start barking, then my dog lunging, but he just kept on smoking, his gaze soft and far away.
“What is it about shared experiences of pain that links us so powerfully with others?” Dr. Tracy Brower ponders in her discussion of community cohesion during times of duress. According to her research, “going through crisis causes us to release greater amounts of oxytocin,” a brain chemical that has an interesting effect on groups and relationships as it “tends to make us feel good, connected and concerned for others.”
I did not feel good sitting alone in my apartment. I felt dazed, unmoored, and very, very thirsty. My wife spent most of that first week sneezing. Allergies, she told me, as she made herself another cup of tea.
Like most of the City, we were marooned—our routines, interrupted. I couldn’t stop watching the breakdancing videos. I had a rhythm back then, a way of making sense of the world as I hurried from one classroom to the next. And the breakdancers, they had a show—“Showtime!” they always exclaimed before turning the music up to ten. Did they have the luxury, like me, to sit around feeling sad and frightened at the specter of this tragedy? Or were they still riding the subway, flipping and turning for those “essential” few who still had somewhere to go?
Groaning, I turned my phone off. You? I imagined them saying, you sittin’ there worried about us? Shared experiences of pain can prompt us to “consider the situation we’re in [and its] impacts on others,” writes Brower, a residual effect of which can be “building understanding and fostering empathy.” All I understood of the boys’ lives was the boom of thick bass as they flipped their snapbacks from their ankles to their elbows in a smooth, rhythmic arc. Was that empathy? Maybe. I wasn’t wholly convinced.
In those first few weeks, I made smoothies and egg cups and cut up scraps of spare fabric to drape across my face. I vacuumed my living room again and again, then researched home workout routines, head arched toward the heat of my phone as I curled up under my comforter in the dark. Sometimes I would stare down the hallway at my apartment’s front door, the hollow metal locked and deadbolted in a definitive dead end. Where was I, then, without the crowded subway and milky bodega coffees? Who was I beyond the busyness of always shuttling somewhere as the City slipped by in a graffiti’d blur? Up until that March, I lived a life always in motion, frenetic in its eagerness to leave where it had been to luxuriate in the potential of what lay beyond.
I would stare down the hallway at my apartment’s front door.
New York City is the seventh place I’ve lived. Before here, I spent three years in Iowa—two for my second Master’s, one for work—before selling my mattress and leather couch and making the sixteen-hour drive to Brooklyn. I had family in New York. My love was in New York. Before Iowa, there was Vancouver, BC, where I spent two years hanging out with my sister, working odd jobs and doing the dumb things 20-somethings do. Before Vancouver, I was in Fredericton, NB, for my first Master’s. Before, four years in Memphis for undergrad. And before, seven years in a small town in rural Texas, just shy of Houston, where I suffered the godawful torment of middle and high school amid buzzing cicadas and oppressive southern heat.
But before all that, Jamaica.
My birthplace, my first and most beloved home. I lived near the middle of the island in a city called Mandeville until I was almost eleven. I can still feel the cool breeze teasing goosebumps from my skin as I gaze at the banana trees and peppermint bush swaying just beyond my family’s back door.
Whether I wanted it to or not, each place I lived left its mark on me, transforming my tastes in food and patterns of speech, making me already ill-suited for wherever I was headed to next. “[W]e have deeper engagement when we go through tough experiences,” Brower writes. Then there must’ve been something wrong with me. I had been through tough experiences and I did not feel engaged. After my many moves, I started to feel like I belonged everywhere and nowhere—that there was no singular place that could reflect all of me back in a kaleidoscopic dream. “This deeper mental engagement tends to make hard times more memorable,” Brower argues. I did not want to remember. Since leaving Texas, I’d kept on moving, moving, finding grounding and recognition in a life spent always in between. So who was I as I sat cuddling my dog in my too-quiet Manhattan apartment? How could I unfurl into the calm of my loneliness given until who-knew-when that New York was it, that there was nowhere else to go?
When you live a life defined by motion, stasis can feel like an impossible anguish, a cruel and unabating pain.
This man, my neighbor, I don’t know if he had a job. He was always sitting on that stoop with his dog slumped against him, no matter what time I walked by. He usually wore shorts—often black, sometimes brown, with a zip-up hoodie or beat-up leather jacket. And slippers, always slippers, black slides showing the skin on his heels all dry and craggy like the bark of an old tree. I remember he smoked menthols, puffed one right after the other, then shoved the butts under a loose rock in his stoop’s busted bottom step. We never spoke. Sometimes I wondered if he even knew I was there. In my two years of passing him, he never looked at me—never intentionally, at least. Not even when my dog walked up and licked his knee.
According to some experts, our common conception of pain is partial—a pat banality, an overhyped half-truth. “What you are most likely experiencing is what used to be called the ‘healing crisis’,” asserts Dana Bregman, a certified physiotherapist who specializes in therapeutic uses of pain. According to Bregman, pain is not just a sign of sickness; it can also be a harbinger of oncoming healing: as the hardened fascia flexes, trapped toxins flow free in a glorious release. “[T]hese cells communicate with your Amygdala, an area in your brain which holds memory of pain,” Bregman writes, “so it is likely that what you are experiencing temporarily is a brain perception of pain.” Pain as phantom. Not as a siren but a heralding trumpet declaring, good health is on the way.
When I read Bregman’s article in the second week of staying at home, I decided I was going to believe her. My shoulders ached. My head wouldn’t stop hurting. I needed to believe there was a reason for the misery rattling in my feet.
I needed to believe there was a reason for the misery rattling in my feet.
That night, after dinner, my wife offered to massage my shoulders as she sneezed into her shirt. I touched my forehead. Temporary perception of pain. When I lived in Memphis, I had a friend who quipped I wasn’t Jamaican or Texan or even Canadian, but a JaTexaMemphiNadian —a mashup of cultures, a frankenstein of migration. He meant it as a joke; it stung like an accusation. If I wasn’t one thing or another, was I anything? To whom and where did I fully belong? Fascia flexing, pain working its way to the surface. I opened the curtains and looked outside.
About 468,000 people left New York City in the first few years of the pandemic. Who can blame them? Without easy access to restaurants or Broadway or museums or music festivals, no High Line or Dumbo or warm sunsets on the Brooklyn Bridge—what else was there? This is the city of glitz and glamor, damnit! Who in their right mind would withstand all that fear and confusion while hemmed into a small space?
My wife and I, we stayed. We had somewhere else we could’ve gone but we didn’t. Leaving now would be irresponsible, we told ourselves while thinking of the City’s high viral load, of specks of dark sickness hitching a ride on the hems of our shirts. What about all the strangers upstate who might’ve been fine, I wondered, who maybe could’ve survived if it hadn’t been for us? It wasn’t empathy I felt then but terror. I was frightened by the possibility of blame. So instead, my wife and I took turns masking up to buy milk and frozen vegetables from the bodega around the corner as all around us, the incessant scream of ambulance sirens echoed down the barren streets and through our brick walls.
Like the rest of the City, we watched the daily press briefings, stiff with shock as the numbers climbed up. At work, I couldn’t focus. I started to have trouble sleeping. We were in a crisis for which there was not yet any healing cure. “[Y]our subconscious is constantly bracing,” Bregman writes. I glanced at the off-white walls of my Washington Heights bedroom, bracing for the rest of me to chaotically catch up. I was terrified and tired but most of all, I was so very thirsty. Though I downed glass after glass of water, I had become so dehydrated that the skin on the back of my hands had started to peel.
Early one morning, I walked into the kitchen and found my wife with her head in the trash. I thought she was being silly, just trying to manufacture amusement amid such strange times.
“What are you doing?” I asked with a chuckle.
She stood up, bewildered. “I think I’ve lost my sense of smell.”
I crossed the street but I could still see him. This man, my neighbor, he was eating an apple with his chihuahua curled up on his chest. I fixed my mask and kept my breathing shallow, giving a wide berth to everyone I passed. I was sick, yes, but my dog still needed to pee. Between me and my wife, I was the one who could walk the farthest before needing to take a break.
I looked up at the high-rise buildings. I tried to remember my neighbors in Memphis and Fredericton and Texas.
He took a final bite then threw his apple core into the street, groaning as he pulled himself to standing. As he hobbled up the stairs, I thought of Bregman’s article. I wondered if his thighs ached with every forward movement, sharp snaps in his amygdala screaming, no more, not one day more. Or maybe there was no ache. Maybe his muscles misfired in a deafening numbness, a terrifying nothing where there should have been something. “Hey,” I imagined saying to him, peeling dead skin from my thumb. “Hey, neighbor. Crazy spring we’re having, huh?” Then we’d both laugh as though the weather were the only odd thing roiling our worlds.
Pain as portent, a crack through the quiet where there should have been noise. My neighbor. I looked up at the high-rise buildings. I tried to remember my neighbors in Memphis and Fredericton and Texas; did I like them and what did they wear? Your subconscious is constantly bracing. I lived in New York City. He was my neighbor. A door creaked open. I looked across the street to see him kiss his chihuahua, then disappear inside.
Six days in, my wife’s breathing turned gravelly and slow. I ran a low fever, mild yet persistent like the panic tightening my chest. We downed Tylenol every four hours like clockwork and isolated from each other, me in the bedroom and she on the couch—but our bodies kept convulsing, coughing fits getting worse. On the morning of the seventh day, we did what the news told us to do: we called the City’s COVID hotline, blurting our symptoms to the triage nurse who answered before she could even say, hello.
“Can you walk up a set of stairs?” she said. “Just one flight. Can you do it without feeling like you’ll pass out?”
I could. My wife? Barely.
“Then stay home.” We weren’t sick enough, the nurse said —and even if we were, there weren’t any beds for us. As it were, she said, there weren’t enough for all the people already there waiting and wheezing, air dank with disease. “Trust me,” she said. “You have a better chance if you stay at home. Call 911 if you get worse. But for now, ride it out where you are.”
The kitchen clock blinked 11:20 a.m. In ten minutes, the daily briefing would begin. That morning, my wife watched it alone. I couldn’t bear the black-and-white graphs with their thin lines stretching up, creeping closer to a devastating oblivion.
Sneezing, I pressed my cheek against the living room window. I could see my neighbor’s toes poking over the front of his slippers, cigarette smoke curling in the still air. I wondered if his chihuahua was asleep, and if he was wearing black shorts that day or brown. Hey neighbor, I murmured in my head, seen anybody interesting pass by? I glanced at the clock again: 11:35, still morning. Maybe he was down there chomping on a bacon, egg, and cheese. Or maybe he was looking around, sensing a bent-over nothing where my body should have been. Everyday for a week I went to the window, searching for signs of him as he smoked and went, let his dog pee and went, his presence as constant as the breeze.
“Going through hard times is one of the things that can create bonds between people,” writes Brower. “In fact, the more difficult the experience, the more bonding that may occur.”
One morning, a Tuesday I think, I gave up on work and slammed my laptop shut. My chest convulsed with a dry, hollow echo from my rough cough. I thought of my apartment’s front door, unyielding and empty. Closing my eyes, I imagined slipping beyond its threshold; I dreamt of stepping off the hardwood into an enthralling beyond. But that time, I felt no thrill. My head still hurt. My skin wouldn’t stop peeling. There was a chasm of desolation where excitement should have been. So instead, I imagined stepping out and hearing the din of New York sidewalk conversations, voices rising in a crescendo of languages I didn’t know. Where would I go, once outside? I opened my eyes. I would go nowhere, just stand there, savoring the fresh feeling of reaching my end—calm yet potent, bright and still. I swung my legs over the edge of the bed. Where were my slippers? I couldn’t find my slippers. I wanted the pressure. I needed the filth. I craved the sound of the City exhaling, alive! My body ached with sickness but I made myself stand. I just wanted to get back to my window, look down, and see him.
My body ached with sickness but I made myself stand.
Listen, I don’t know that man. I couldn’t tell you his name or where he was from. But I can tell you that he had a tattoo beneath his left elbow—all warped and faded from too much sun, the black ink bleeding into an off-gray blob. He was missing his top left molar, a soft gap where he sometimes shoved a cigarette then puffed. And when my wife and I got better, when I finally felt good enough to thrust my bare face into the cool air, his chihuahua still barked when it saw me—familiar yip! yip!s that made me look away and laugh.
Both physical and existential pain often crystallizes into closed circuits, repeating patterns of behavior creating hardened fascia on the head and heart. Researcher Søren Ventegodt refers to these circuits as gestalt: a site of recurring tension, an undulating yet “frozen now.” Fear of the unknown is a common gestalt. Fear of familiarity, of staying too long in one place, can be one too. According to Ventegodt, the only way to alleviate an aching gestalt is “[t]o be in holistic process” which is achieved by someone who is “able to trust and receive the holding.” The holding can be many things: it can be a familiar room, a comforting image, the presence of a trusted therapist—a deep and abiding container, therapeutic in its constancy as it carries you through.
He was my holding. The City is my holding. Not because either gave me the answers but because they provided the prompting I needed to acknowledge the question.
JaTexaMemphiNadiYorker?JaTexaMemphiYorkAnadian? I’m not here to deliver good news from the other side. The ache still lingers. I am not healed.
But what I can tell you is that pain can be a revelation, an enigma charting new pathways to what is honest and true. I stopped wandering in New York. I got married in New York. I made deep, new friendships that helped me look at myself anew. Here, I committed myself to working toward what really mattered, finishing my debut novel Broughtupsy published in January 2024—about wandering and migration, about finding and savoring a self-constructed sense of home. I even shed the shame and finally admitted I hate the subway, switching to a remote job where my farthest commute is from my bedroom to my couch. In this beast of a City, I’ve come to learn that there is no space here for outsized fantasy—that amid the highrises and honking traffic, there is no room for flimsy self-delusion.
Eventually, my dog stopped reacting to his chihuahua. It was understood that we would never speak. Around the same time, I discovered what Ventegodt refers to as salutogenesis which is the antithesis of gestalt, representing “a ‘sense of coherence,’ an experience in the depth of life.” My salutogenesis is this: I am not coherent. My love for curry goat and snowy winters and Texas brisket and all things Aaliyah and Sum 41—I am a frankenstein, a collection of rich fragments, each shard reflecting prismatic in the motley of me.
Soon after the vaccines came out, he expanded his wardrobe to include one pair of white jeans, frayed slits showing pink skin on the tops of both thighs. Sometimes I’d pass him with his phone on his stomach, speakerphone blasting while he chatted with a friend. Other times he’d be sipping on a coffee, brown stains streaked across the paper cup as he touched his lighter to a fresh cigarette. He never wore a mask. Why would he? Yip! Yip! That’s not the kind of man he was.
It’s been two years since I last saw him. I don’t know what happened. Maybe he got priced out and moved to another borough. Or maybe he joined the 468,000 and left the City to build a cheaper life somewhere else. Over eight million New Yorkers continue to persist amid the pandemic. About 50,000 of us so far have died. I wish I knew which one he was.
Now, when I pass his stoop, my dog strains to sniff the rock where he kept his cigarette butts. I’ll let her search for a moment, her nose twitching against the black concrete as I glance at the spot where his body’s supposed to be. Sometimes I’ll hear nothing. Or I’ll hear music thumping from a passing car. But sometimes—these are the terrible times—I’ll hear the far-off echo of sirens, sharp and threatening. Then I’ll touch the cold concrete and hurry my dog along, blinking hard against the need to weep.
The classroom has long been the site of many compelling works of literature. It is here that the nuances of power and influence are distilled; here that the kinetic energy of two minds meeting is laid bare. Needless to say, the student-teacher dynamic is one that can easily tip into the transgressive, with the impressionable student casting their teacher in the role of the worldly authority figure, and the insecure teacher seizing upon this exalted vision to shore up their self-image.
Such was the circumstance I set out to explore in my debut novel, The World After Alice. The book takes place in the wake of Alice’s death by suicide as those around her struggle to piece together the missing details of her young life. One such detail involves Alice’s murky relationship with her philosophy teacher, Ezra Newman. Both Alice and Ezra believe that they alone can see the other clearly—until it becomes evident that what each took for sight was mere projection. As I worked on this book, I thought back to some touchstones of fiction that blur the line between mentorship and manipulation in fascinating yet toxic ways.
Without further ado, here are some favorite examples:
In Strout’s luminous first novel, readers are introduced to the compelling characters of Amy and Isabelle, a mother and daughter living in the stultifying small town of Shirley Falls. In this claustrophobic place, Amy begins a clandestine affair with her math teacher, Mr. Robertson. His knowledge quickly illuminates to the teenage Amy all the areas where her mother’s own intelligence is lacking. An excruciating moment occurs when Amy corrects Isabelle’s pronunciation of Yeats. “Here was something new to fear,” Isabelle thinks, “her daughter’s pity for her ignorance.” It is a delight to watch Strout train her incisive eye on this duo.
Ridker’s rollicking sophomore novel introduces readers to the Greenspans of Brookline, Massachusetts. The family comprises Scott and Deb, the parents, and Gideon and Maya, the kids. It is Maya’s story that is applicable here, as she falls in love with her high school English teacher, William. The relationship doesn’t start and end when Maya is in high school, though. Instead, Ridker smartly takes us into the future, showing how Maya’s feelings toward William change as she matures. If you’re looking for a smart and hilarious novel set during the peak of the Obama era, this one is for you.
In this smashing debut, Fridlund transports readers to the cold heart of northern Minnesota, where the adolescent Linda finds herself playing babysitter to the child of the new family across the lake. Linda’s observation of this family coincides with the introduction of a second newcomer: the history teacher, Mr. Grierson. When Mr. Grierson is accused of assaulting one of Linda’s classmates, her fascination with him deepens. Did he do what the girl claimed? Fridlund masterfully ties these plot points together, deftly evoking questions of identity and culpability.
Winner of the 1999 Booker Prize, Disgrace follows the fall of professor David Lurie after he forces himself on his student, Melanie. What ensues is a story of violence, shame, and reckoning. In an evocative yet unadorned style, Coetzee takes readers into the bleak heart of post-Apartheid South Africa. A brilliant and unsettling book about the consequences of power and the existential struggle to connect.
Florin’s debut follows Isabel, a college student at a liberal arts school in the Northeast. The book kicks off with Isabel’s sexual assault at the hands of a classmate. This event forms the backdrop for Isabel’s subsequent affair with her married professor, Connelly. Florin’s novel is equal parts coming-of-age story and retrospective, with Isabel looking back on her younger self and the choices she made.
Franzen’s multi-POV masterpiece features the Lamberts, a dysfunctional Midwestern family set to gather for Christmas. In classic Franzen style, the book is both laugh-out-loud funny and acutely painful, as the Lamberts individually deal with problems of love, aging, and personal shame. Franzen manages to cover so much terrain with this one that readers might forget about Chip’s relationship with his student, Melissa, by the time they reach the pitch-perfect end.
McEwan’s ambitious latest flips around the conventional male teacher and female student dynamic. Though the novel covers many themes, spanning the protagonist Roland’s life from childhood to old age, at its heart is the grooming of Roland by his piano teacher, Miriam Cornell. McEwan juxtaposes sweeping world events against the smaller yet no less seismic events of Roland’s life to create a book that is poignant and profound.
Aging is great because you learn so many things on the way. I don’t mean just that you gain perspective; I mean if you slow down a bit you see so many details. I’m at that point in life where I’m worried that I might in fact start forgetting details. I fight that. I keep a list of words I want to remember to use—many lists in fact. I rotate them every day. And when I come across something interesting in the news, I print it out and tape it up next to the words.
I’ve learned that new experiences keep the aging brain on task. I don’t worry about myself as long as I stay interested in life. Actually, I think I worry less than most people do, and that’s reassuring.
I was robbed one night, at knifepoint, and the knife interested me. I asked about it.
“Forget the knife. Don’t ask about the knife. Or I’ll use it,” my assailant said. He was getting nervous.
“But isn’t it a kitchen knife? Can you really just grab a kitchen knife and run out the door like that? Won’t it cut you just as likely as it cuts me, for instance? You should have a holder.” That was obvious, and the obvious deserves recognition.
“Give me your money,” he said.
“Of course,” I said. “I certainly will. I have a twenty-dollar bill in my pocket, but I’m afraid that’s it. I was just going to the drugstore to get some soda. Funny isn’t it, that we go to drugstores now instead of delis? I grew up when there were delis.”
“That twenty,” he said. “Give it to me.”
“Did you grow up on delis or is your generation perfectly fine with drug stores?” It was a thing I thought about often. The differences between generations. There are lots of things I miss from my generation, things that seemed boring, mundane, even insignificant—but they strike me now as having been important. Corner delis, for one. Being able to just go out and get a sandwich. They have prepared sandwiches at the drugstores, but they don’t please me. And there were stores that were specialists—stationery, shoe repair, card stores. We don’t have those anymore.
“The money,” he said. He was waving his knife now.
“You know,” I said, “you can sharpen knives? Have you sharpened that one? They get dull from cutting things—celery, onions, maybe meat if you’re a meat eater. Are you a meat eater?”
“Twenty dollars,” he said, waving it closer. “Don’t push me,” he said. “I get nervous and I twitch, and you wouldn’t like me twitching with this knife near your throat, would you?”
“Sounds bad,” I said. “Just let me reach into my pocket and the twenty is yours and we can go about our business like normal people.” I reached in and took out my rolled-up twenty. “See? Here it is. Just like I said. It’s all right to take it. I was just going to get a soda and maybe some chips. I like chips, do you?”
He took the money. “You’re nuts,” he said. “I’ve never met anyone like you. I think you’re enjoying yourself. Are you enjoying yourself?”
“Well,” I said. “I’m friendly. I like meeting people. We could go for a coffee or something and you could tell me how you got this job. You know, robbing people.”
“Quit looking at my face,” he said.
“Face?” I asked, surprised. “Why, here’s the thing, I never remember faces, but all right, I’ll look away. To the right? To the left? Did you know that your instinct is to go in the direction of your dominant hand? And also, this I just learned, you have a dominant leg! Imagine that. I suppose we could get right down to dominant toes, maybe. Dominant eyes. My left eye is getting a little strange, it sees things darker than my right eye. Though I’m glad of course that it can see. I’m not ungrateful.”
“You talk too much.” He was putting the twenty into his jeans pocket. The jeans were a little too tight, and he got distracted by having to pry his pocket open. I smacked the knife out of his hand. Then I kneed him in the crotch and he fell down.
“Sorry,” I said. “I’ve taken a lot of self-defense. Well, I mean I watched a few videos and acted them out.” I knelt down on his neck and reached over to my dominant right for the knife. I began to systematically cut his clothes off. “Sorry. I know it’s chilly. But I read somewhere that people won’t necessarily call the cops if they see someone running, but they will if they see someone naked. Interesting statement about society, isn’t it?”
Choking, he said, “You can take the twenty back. I won’t fight. It’s cold and I’m anemic.”
“Do you drink a lot of coffee? I read that coffee and tea can interfere with iron absorption.” I looked at him closely. “You don’t look like a tea drinker.”
“Look, leave me some clothes. Please! I’m sorry! This my first try at robbing someone, I swear. I’ve learned my lesson.” He sounded close to tears.
“Your first time? Wow, that’s bad luck. What are the odds?” I continued to cut away his clothes. I had ripped up his jacket and was starting on his shirt.
“You’re not going to tell me the odds? You haven’t just read about it?”
I kept my knee on his neck but I wasn’t cruel; he could breathe and talk. Still, this sounded a little insulting. “I don’t know everything.”
“No, no, look, don’t get annoyed. I’ve learned a lot from you. You’ve got a great mind.”
I ripped one side of his jeans and made a slash across his waistband and then down across his back pocket and did some general shredding. His clothes had been dissected. I did a few more slashes to make sure he couldn’t try to hold enough together to be covered. He couldn’t. He shivered.
“You cold?” That was satisfying.
“Nerves,” he said. “What if the cops pick me up?”
“You’ll need a good story. I’d start with amnesia.”
“That’s a cliché,” he said, and rolled over once I took my knee off. He got up, glaring at me, but I waved the knife so he wouldn’t try anything.
“Run,” I said. “That will keep your body temperature up. You’ll be fine. Run.”
And he ran.
I checked my phone for the weather. It was 50 degrees. Marathoners run in 50 degrees, with barely more clothes. And I’d let him keep his shoes, too, so it was a good comparison.
Then I called 911. “There’ a naked man running on Maple Drive,” I said. “I think he’s probably got amnesia.”
I hoped that story would help him. One of my teeth on the right (dominant) side was starting to ache. It might have been emotional cavities (I’d recently read about them), because while this had been interesting, it had also been stressful.
I noticed I still held the knife. It looked like a pretty good knife. I would have to research the brand.
It’s not easy, getting people to laugh in the presence of murder. It’s also hard to cut a list down from fifty brilliant novels, and I’ll admit my picks are completely subjective—some for their humanity, some for consistency, some for their sheer originality. Everyone owes a debt to Elmore Leonard and Donald Westlake, who in turn owed a debt to Raymond Chandler and P.G. Wodehouse and Dorothy Parker.
And what is funny, anyway? Wanting to kill someone can be funny, at least in hindsight, and writing is all about hindsight made real. The ritual humiliation of the hero is funny, whether you’re watching Peter Wimsey suffer for love of Harriet Vane or watching the truth dawn on a Lawrence Block protagonist. Janet Evanovich’s resilient heroine Stephanie Plum is the detective equivalent of a weighted clown balloon, forever dusting herself off, and Laura Lippman does terrible things to her characters. The original Scandinavian crime novels, the Martin Beck series by Max Sjowall and Per Wahloo, were lusty and sly and human, as opposed to the affectless recent trend. And the Brits rule for humor: I want people to read Nicholas Freeling and Bill James, Jonathan Gash and Peter Lovejoy and Peter Dickinson, Colin Cotterill and the early Martha Grimes.
Taking anything apart can strip away the mystery, though. I came up with a list based on the way I remembered these books making me feel, and circling back around was confusing. What was so funny about Mouse the killer in Devil in a Blue Dress, or Ayoola’s dead lovers in My Sister the Serial Killer? You’ll have to read them to believe it, and please also read singular novels like Jonathan Lethem’s Motherless Brooklyn, Dwyer Murphy’s An Honest Living, and Robert Plunkett’s My Search for Warren Harding. Read Sara Gran and Lisa Lutz, Paco Ignacio Taibo II and James Crumley. And let me know what I’m missing.
AsJustin Savile, a wayward, well-born stress-drinker, peels back the layers of a North Carolina town with white trash fellow homicide detective Cuddy Mangum, each layer is stranger. The complexity of the plot and the rich social insight never get in the way of the action, or the humor. Malone wrote two other Justin-Cuddy novels, as well as some excellent stand-alones, and they’re all believable, witty, and humane. They deserve to be back in print.
Mosley’s pitch-perfect debut gave noir a new rich world in Easy Rawlins, the man who just wants to keep his damn bungalow, and whose friends are often deadlier than his enemies. What’s funny? The sly dialogue, the innate deadliness of Mouse as a very non-Watson sidekick (“You killed him?” asks Easy. “So what? What you think he gonna do fo’you?” answers Mouse) and Mosley’s pithy, fatalistic voice, with beautiful echoes from everything from Chandler to Fitzgerald to Stan Lee.
There was no Florida Man until Carl Hiaasen peeled the sunburn; he’s so altered our perception of Florida that his version has now become reality, from John D. Macdonald to a cascade of shit in a dozen funny steps. I could have picked any of the novels betweenTourist Season to Squeeze Me but I’m fond of the way Stormy Weather’s retinue of con artists, deranged politicians, and problematic lovers react to the approach of Hurricane Andrew (in a word, badly) and suffer from Hiaasen’s environmental wrath. I’ve also picked Stormy Weather because I was reading it years ago on a book tour when a plane engine caught on fire. I kept reading, and I kept giggling.
No one can can layer looping threads and tragedy and glee like Kate Atkinson—a plot can feel exuberant, almost out of control, and then it clicks into place like a final watch gear—and few writers are as empathetic and stylish as they torture their protagonist in amusing ways. I wrote four novels in the mid-nineties, and for a long time forgot the joy in reading mysteries. Case Histories and the four other novels in the series gave it back to me. Spending time with Jackson Brodie—sad, lustful, dented, and often very, very, wrong—is an undiluted pleasure.
Tod Goldberg wins for best premise, and a gimlet eye: would Sal Cupertine, hitman, rather be dead, or in a mob-organized witness-protection program as a rabbi named David Cohen? At points Sal’s really not sure: it’s not easy to visit the sick between gruesome hits and learning holy texts, but there’s no lazy moralism to be found in the novel, the first of three in a series. Goldberg’s Las Vegas is a rich, terrible stew of conniving and bungling, and the echoes of Leonard and Westlake and Block add to the joy. Unhinged, smart, and resonant.
What can you do about a sister like Ayoola—beautiful, amoral, blithe and deadly for her lovers? If you’re her sister Korede, a pragmatic nurse in a Lagos hospital, you mop up, literally, each time Ayoola loses her patience and pulls out her knife, and you watch in dread as she turns her attention to the very kind man you’re in love with. Actually, what was funny? I’m not sure. Korede’s weary fatalism? Ayoola’s oblivious and sunny moods? If she doesn’t feel guilty, why would there be a problem? . . . . Ah, family.
Mina’s novels, including the Garnethill series, have all been excellent: closely observed and realistic, with a lot of crisps-eating and amused exhaustion in the midst of brutal death. I still remember my gradual surprise at the change of tenor of Conviction, which opens up with a housewife named Anna McLean listening to a true crime podcast over coffee about an exploding boat and quickly starts spinning like a whirligig: Anna is not Anna, Anna knows the owner of the boat, and Anna is avoiding the persistent knock on her front door for a reason. And off we go into a giddy, beautifully executed balancing act. There’s a wild sense of freedom to this book, and it leaves you happy as it snaps into a perfect ending.
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