INTERVIEW: John Dermot Woods, author of The Baltimore Atrocities

by Guy Benjamin Brookshire

John Dermot Woods has been illustrating his writing and drawing comics for more than fifteen years. In an era when “comics” and “graphic novels” have demanded a place at the table of literature, perhaps no one alive more deserves the seat.

His latest work, The Baltimore Atrocities, is a mesmerizing and bewildering descent into the collective irrational where civic failure meets personal flaws. In a world we wish we didn’t recognize, murders and self-destruction attend mystery and conspiracy, visited upon characters that might appear to inhabit dark fables for a moment or two before we taste the unmistakable tang of psychological and sociological truth.

87-on-the-third-floor-of-the-union-memorial-hospital

Guy Brookshire: What window do you look out of most often? What is on the inside of the window, and what is on the outside of the window?

John Dermot Woods: Until recently it was the top floor of my house in Brooklyn, right over the top of my drawing table (or beside my computer). Outside I can see the roofs on north side of Saint Marks Ave and One Hanson Place, the tallest building in the borough. And the Barclays Center, soon to be the proud home of the New York Islanders.

GB: “Until recently…” where are you now?

JDW: I’m the visiting writer at Saint Lawrence University in Canton, NY. The exact opposite pole of New York State, not far from Ottawa and Montreal. I’ve been told surviving winters here is a heroic feat, but the summer and fall I’ve experienced so far have tested my mettle in no way. Lots of rivers and mountains and orange leaves. Not a bad place to spend some time.

GB: I think of you as a writer whose writing is in the medium of comics. A kind of artist. Like a playwright. You write comics as you might write plays. Tell me how I’m wrong.

JDW: Having trouble thinking of how you’re right! I guess the fundamental difference is that I draw comics more than I write them. And that is definitely the verb that defines my experience. Comics are image driven. As much as most comics use words and images, the words are definitely in service of the images. Especially in my work. To compare it to another medium: it’s the rare film that is fundamentally constructed around its sound editing (although it’s important and essential). When comics use words (like mine do) they’re important, but they’re not where it begins or the fundamental aspect of its composition.

GB: I’m surprised to hear you say that. I think I understand about the sound editing, but when I’m watching a film, I’m thinking of the script/screenplay, thinking often how far or close to someone’s vision what I see is…and I see you as sort of a director of your own films. I know you have worked on screenplays…is the process similar?

JDW: Oh, I see You’re talking about actually using a script. No, I don’t script my comics. Sometimes it’ll begin with some writing, some prose. But then I draw. Usually a series of thumbnails and rough sketches. When I work with Lincoln Michel, he’ll do some scripting, but even that is rough, and basically a guideline for us to create thumbnail pages. I use those thumbnails to draw from.

John Dermot Woods art

GB: So you see the comic before you write it?

JDW: You don’t really “write” a comic. There’s writing involved, but it’s really a process of drawing. So, yeah, it usually begins with an act of drawing, not writing. But I think the drawing may be more similar to this idea of writing than you’d imagine. It’s not as if I see the whole thing in my head and then capture it with my pencil. I work it out with my drawings just the way we can work things out with our words.

GB: Do you want people to know anything about your life before they read your work, or do you think that knowing anything about your life and the way you live would help people appreciate your work more deeply, more completely…more favorably in a critical sense?

JDW: No, I’m thinking my biographical details aren’t going to do a lot to engage people in my work. No one wants to hear about another pre-pubescent chess prodigy who had to give it all up when the demands of his medical residency coupled with the stresses of his emotionally turbulent but surprisingly fruitful adolescent love life became too great. I actually wrote this all down in my word processor diary. But, that was before the internet, so who the hell knows where that ended up?

GB: I think people would be interested in a “surprisingly fruitful adolescent love life.” I am. I find the chess prodigy thing harder to believe than the medical residency, by the way.

JDW: I don’t know, there are a lot of little episodes I could relate. Maybe one day I’ll write a TV show about it.

GB: Are you an Irish-American writer? Are you an Irish-American comics-artist?

JDW: Yes, my work constantly defers pure expressions of human emotion with smug irony, yet is centered around a maudlin sense of meaning as defined by surviving tragedy. And the generic nature of my first and last name has forced me into the embarrassing practice of signing my work with my Irish-y (yet Anglicized) middle name: “Dermot.”

GB: Do you think you have inherited, perhaps genetically, a special relationship to the English language by virtue of your Irishness?

JDW: Yes, but it’s definitely a nurture over nature situation. Other countries put political leaders on their currency. The Irish adorn their money with porn writers and decadent poets. It’s a country that cares a lot about words. At my dinner table growing up, surrounded by people either surely or ostensibly descended from those people, we cared a lot of about words. We used a lot of them and wrangled over the meaning of each one. (And my dad was a criminal defense attorney, so…)

GB: Did your father bring his work home? Were you often cross-examined? I ask because there is often both a sense of mystery and officiousness, of procedure and transgression in your work. Maybe an idea that words and procedure can’t make bad things go away, but you can try. That people are flawed but deserve a dignity they seldom get to enjoy.

JDW: He never brought a client to the dinner table, but he talked about the courtroom a lot. My father was less likely to cross-examine me than encourage me to be the cross-examiner. (Somehow neither my brother, my sister, nor I ended up in law school.) And, I think you’re right. I have a hard time admitting that language has limits. Ben, and I think you and I are the same here, and look where our conversations end up. But, my father is definitely the guy who imbued this idea dignity should be offered to everyone, especially the flawed, the very flawed. Maybe that happens in my writing, I don’t know.

GB: Do you have to write with the explicit project of representing a group to claim to be a hyphenated artist?

JDW: Nope. You can have that yoke foisted upon you by birth and the cultural habits of your parents. Eighteen years of Sunday afternoons with the family hi-fi tuned into WFUV’s Irish folk show can really re-wire your brain.

GB: Is it something you choose to celebrate, or is it inescapable?

JDW: Can’t beat ’em, join ’em, Ben. I earnestly enjoy Saint Patrick’s Day, the low holy day when Irish-Americans gather to minstrelize the proud culture of their motherland. (I really do enjoy Saint Paddy’s Day.)

John Dermot Woods comic

GB: I don’t personally know anyone who connects more people than you do. You don’t simply know people, you connect them. Is this a character trait, or is based on a philosophy you have adopted?

JDW: I guess the former. I’m fundamentally self-conscious and shy, like a lot of people, but I do actively fight against that, and feel that there’s virtue in doing so. In the art world, I see a lot of anti-social behavior that is encouraged and lauded and I think that’s a breach of, I don’t know, the social contract.

GB: Do you think community is essential for writers and artists? Is that community essential to you? Or do you think you would pursue the virtue of fighting against shyness in any vocation?

JDW: Yes, it’s essential and yes, I hope I’d pursue that virtue in vocation. I think you have to. Community is inherent to writing in that we write to be read. Perhaps in the diarist community, it’s less essential. But those of us who intend our work for audiences must be aware and actively part of some kind of community. There is usually a practical aspect to all vocations, a service, which means we are working for others. The more we understand that, the better we can do our jobs.

GB: That makes art sound like a fundamentally ethical project. Does an artist fail if he creates unethical art?

JDW: Isn’t the social act of creating art for an audience an ethical undertaking? I don’t think I’d be able to judge any art as unethical based on its content.

GB: Do you feel young?

JDW: Yes, because I make a habit of spending most of my time with people born in the exact same year that I was (present company included). We did a book tour based on this very theme last year, didn’t we? There’s something reassuring about the company of thirty-six year olds. We’re young enough that we’re not yet subject to recommended prostate exams (although it can’t hurt), but we’re old enough that a few Genny Cream Ales and two or three plays of “Kennel District” and we’re sleeping like babies by midnight.

GB: Do you think 36 is younger than it used to be?

JDW: Yes. I often hear people bemoan the “prolonged adolescence” that our culture has engendered for various reasons. One of the real advantages, though, is that we no longer feel pressure to define ourselves early and forever. We can keep figuring out what it is we are doing or to what we want to dedicate ourselves, and that’s okay.

REVIEW: The Maggot People by Henning Koch

by John Domini

No small ambitions here: The Maggot People, a first novel by Henning Koch, offers everything from a Sardinian Eurotrash orgy to Christ on a coathanger. On a coathanger, Christ Himself, and if you’d care for a talking dog as well, the Alsatian in The Maggot People will more than fit the bill. Name of Gunter, the creature’s got a sweeping conversational range — as you might expect, considering it’s been around a thousand years.

Gunter, with his long perspective, would at once recognize Koch’s novel for what it is: a picaresque. It’s all about the ramble, replacing the increments of plot with one mind-bending encounter after another — though in this case the meandering feels downright creepy-crawly. Candide, in this case, is a maggot. He’s an entire body-bag full:

… someone whose body has been taken over by maggots. Invaded and conquered. The maggots eat your organs, they take over the functions…, and they’re much more efficient than you ever were. They eat everything in your body. The only thing they don’t touch is your brain.

With a catalyst like that — what’s more, one that uses sex to “colonize” its host — small wonder the resulting chemical reaction goes from curiouser to curiouser.

The Maggot People starts out a slacker love story, Eurotrash division. Its protagonist Michael is 23, a footloose Brit, saying things like “being busy is overrated.” He falls for another stray, Gunter’s keeper, herself bearing a fairy name: Ariel. She appears to be Spanish and a “lovely owl-faced girl,” just as Michael appears to be a lucky young man, taking her swiftly to bed. Alas, the next morning Ariel announces, “I’m actually solid maggot.”

In another day or two, so is Michael: man, you do it once… With that begins the mind-bending, and this often bears the serrated edge of exaggeration. One minor character, for instance, has “his face half-hidden behind steel-rim aviator sunglasses, like a cocaine dealer from Grand Theft Auto. Michael ought to know, since he dabbles in the drug trade himself. That plotline too, however, gets dropped almost as soon as it’s picked up. Our picaro no longer cares for money: “nothing but printed paper…, carelessly flung about when he needed something.” Come to think — just what does a wandering worm need?

To stay alive, Number One. Michael’s maggots can repair most damage to his body, their body, but Koch’s bug, unlike Kafka’s, turns out to have active predators. Powerful forces, mostly Catholic clergy, seek to obliterate these skin-sacks and their brains, and that threat, it turns out, had something to do with Gunter winding up a dog. Other maggot people have it easier, downloaded into cryogenic safe storage, while their depleted body hangs, yes, on a coathanger.

Most of the novel’s later adventures have to do with either setting up such destruction or avoiding it. In Barcelona Michael’s an assassin, in the Spanish countryside a double-agent, and in Rome he’s gone rogue. His first sponsor in the struggle is a high-ranking priest who turns up at, of all places, the Sardinian clusterfuck. But this Monsignor O’Hara, a man, is opposed by Abbot Giacomo, a maggot, and between the two they put Michael through all sorts of metamorphoses. Eventually, gone rogue, he’s deep in the catacombs under the Vatican, and there he discovers the flash-frozen brain and depleted raiment of Jesus. The Savior, turns out, was Himself a maggot, and recyclable.

With that the picaresque turns apocalyptic, in keeping with an essentially dark vision, a “world full of people sleeping their way through life.” The Second Coming proves surprisingly livable, however, not so much Hieronymous Bosch as St. Augustine. Indeed, hasn’t Giacomo been citing The City of God? Can it be that we’re reading some grody variation on the opening verses of John: the Word made Flesh?

Such heady questions, I rush to add, never keep The Maggot People from being one freaky roundelay. Koch brings off a number of spectacular effects, for instance a leap out a third-story window. If Michael sticks the landing right, afterwards he only has to lie there “waiting for the maggots to do their work; pressing the stub of the shinbone and foot against what remained of his leg, while the maggots reconnected the two.” One reads this novel for such passages, wickedly entertaining whether restorative or, the more common case, a massacre. Too bad the writing suffers a nagging sloppiness, such as the repetition of “maggots” above. Similarly, Koch falls prey to bursts of unfelt summary, in hand-me-down language. Here’s Michael reacting to the sudden reappearance, a hundred pages after he helped bury her, of his Ariel:

The first moments passed in astonished recognition. There was a jolt of recognition as he moved closer to her smell, the shape of her arm and the softness of her neck.

At flat moments like that, one wonders about the editing (and I should acknowledge that I too am with Dzanc Books, the publisher), but Koch is working out of a hard-forged personal aesthetic, clearly. Like Michael, he’s an outsider, living in Berlin yet writing in English. His book of stories Love Doesn’t Work (2011) featured swashbuckling and mysticism much like the stuff of The Maggot People. Besides, isn’t a certain lack of feeling inherent to the picaresque? Isn’t the point not whether we suffer Michael’s stubborn yearning after Ariel, but whether we’re caught up in his Gran Guignol? So too, when so much of the story’s a pan-Mediterranean game of hide-n-seek, I don’t see why Koch’s reborn Christ does away with all technology. That special effect seems borrowed from another movie, and yet I can’t deny the pleasure of seeing such a bucolic manifestation of New Heaven, New Earth. The skin of this book may barely hold all the squirmy things within, but they certainly tickle — in every sense.

The Maggot People

by Henning Koch

Powells.com

INFOGRAPHIC: What age do writers publish their most famous works?

Writers often worry about not publishing earlier enough. Our culture fetishes youth, even in literature. We talk about 5 under 35 and 20 under 40, but not the geniuses flowered later in life. Luckily for us, Blinkbox Books has created this awesome interactive infographic that takes a look at the careers of famous authors. The results show a surprising range for debut novels, from Jack Kerouac at 21 to Richard Adams at 53. The range for breakout books is even wider: 26 to 65 among the authors examined. Click around the infographic, then get back to work on your own novel!

(via Blinkbox Books).

Science Fiction Legend Ray Bradbury’s House Torn Down

Ray Bradbury

Last June, author Ray Bradbury’s LA home was purchased for $1.77 million. Now, it is being torn down. Bradbury, the legendary author of such classics as The Martian Chronicles and Fahrenheit 451, lived there for 50 years. Curbed LA says the house was purchased by “Pritzker-Prize-winning architect Thom Mayne, of the firm Morphosis, and his wife, Blythe Alison-Mayne.”

The above photo is by John King Tarpinian, who photographed and wrote about the demolition at File770:

As I was taking pictures locals were walking their dogs. They’d stop to observe and we’d converse. One lady had no idea who had owned the house; she was new to the neighborhood. She walked away in tears. Another long time neighbor knew it was Ray’s home and we mutually agreed things like this are just wrong but money wins out.

Money does always win out, but still sad to see the home of such an iconic author go. See all of Tarpinian’s photos here.

REVIEW: The Season of Migration by Nellie Hermann

Nellie Hermann’s The Season of Migration takes as its subject, the early life of Vincent van Gogh, a historical figure who — as are perhaps all figures of his historical caliber — is a genre in and of itself. Rather than focusing on well-trodden imagery surrounding the painter’s life — the depression, the mutilation, and the work — Hermann departs from the layman’s conventional wisdom of van Gogh and details a year-long deviation from his artistic study that, if we’re to take Hermann at her word in the novel’s back matter, takes its cue from historical circumstance.

There’s a lack of ingenuity to examining The Season of Migration as a novel of Vincent van Gogh, as its setting — an 1870s-era Belgian mining camp — and the language used in the description thereof overwhelms the reader more than any other of the images one might expect in a novel of a figure who looms so large. The novel’s central drama and movement concerns a young, despondent van Gogh, then a nominally-trained clergyman, who travels to a remote mining community, witnesses first-hand some of the laborer’s horrific conditions (“Man is made in the image of God… which is also the image of grief, of terror, and of fire”) and, just as disastrously, attempts a recovery from heartbreak (“His longing was his constant companion; it was the heat in his heart all day long, from the first light of the sun until long after dark. His longing was London, his longing made the whole landscape bright and precious…”). Spoiler alert: it doesn’t end well.

Van Gogh’s itinerate lifestyle sits poorly with his parents and brother Theo, and Hermann’s novel accounts for this fracture by employing a bifurcated narration: chapters alternate between a third-person, past-tense look at van Gogh’s post-mining life (“He especially loved to walk in storms, the sky and the flashing light enhancing the natural drama of the landscape”) and unsent letters from van Gogh to Theo, in which he details his experiences during their estrangement spurred by his spiritual misadventure (“My head is sometimes heavy, and often it burns and my thoughts are confused”).

It’s not difficult to find representative quotes that speak to Hermann’s mastery over either of the two narrative forms. Characteristic of this novel’s language is a care for clear action (“I open my mouth to explain what I see and it is as if what comes out of me is a flurry of bees”), evocative imagery (“The mud beneath my hands was music, it was an ocean, I was controlling waves and landscapes with each plunge of my palm”), and penetrating questions (“Dear Theo, what is the point of being a man if you must stay the same?”); all rendered with deep respect to the crises of faith and labor relations that drive this full, developed story. Hermann’s novel is an exercise in language first and history second; I mean this as a great compliment: Hermann points her novel’s gaze away from what we expect, and sticks her landing in creating a story that holds its own against other labor and period narratives both invented and imagined.

Attempting a novel of such a giant figure is a bit like punching the playground’s tallest bully right in the nose: a showy confidence will get you only so far. But a historical novel as successful as this one — both in scope and in the beauty of its language — reminds us that literature can do anything, and leaves us in awe of the author’s ambition. We have a language here that in its beauty does justice to van Gogh’s own brilliance; and in its structure, justice to the tumult of the painter’s troubled, violent life.

The Season of Migration

by Nellie Hermann

Powells.com

Elephant Sanctuary

by John McManus, recommended by The Literary Review

The story of the creation of my elephant vampire songs begins on the December morning when I killed Aisling, heroine of our last album and my fiancée, in one Porsche and fled Texas in another. The second car belonged to our manager, and stealing it was a snap, I just called down to the front desk. The valet even asked for my autograph. I signed the parking ticket and headed for I-35. Early in the tour my father, Ike Bright, Sr., had pretended to die in the tsunami in Japan; since then, he’d been hiding out near Texarkana. I guess he’d owed a lot of money. To hoard his address around America had made me feel more powerful than the people around me, whether or not their own fathers were alive. It’d had me singing “Barnacle” in a major scale so that our fans hopped to it instead of swaying. Now I drove nonstop through Dallas, Sulphur Springs, and then northeast toward the Palmetto Flats, following signs for a wildlife refuge. Just over the Red River I came to the mailbox that said Blackhawk, my father’s fake name.

He was snoring in a chair on the covered porch of a farmhouse, wearing a pinstripe suit as if he had arrived from a casino. “Dad, it’s Ike,” I said, kicking at his legs until he stirred into awareness of me.

“I read what you told Rolling Stone,” was the first thing he said.

I had explained that the Pacific Ocean had needed to swallow Ike Senior before I could write true songs about him. “I was pretending to mourn you.”

“You done touring?”

“See the news?”

“I’m off the grid.”

“I’m in some trouble.”

He pointed over my shoulder, where I saw, studying me from a fenced pasture that stretched to the denuded hills, an enormous African elephant. It was about twelve times my size, with sickly pink splotches all over its ears. “Meet Gracie,” my father said.

She was plucking weeds with her trunk. I pictured her hollowed out, with the paparazzi and cops and Aisling’s parents waiting inside. “Where are we?”

“Camp David. President doesn’t want it anymore.”

“Did you win this place with a Dolly Parton?”

Nodding, he poured whiskey for himself. I realized he wasn’t joking.

“So it just randomly sits beside an elephant.”

He nodded. “This one talks to me in my head.”

“How’s that work, Dad?”

“Like you and me, but in my head.”

“Is this a zoo?”

“Getting warmer,” he said, his whiskey sparkling in the early light. It occurred to me he meant to profit off Gracie somehow.

A Dolly Parton was a nine-five combo in Texas Hold ’Em, and my first bike had come from his refusing to fold one of those. I’d lost my braces the same way, and had forgotten to say so to Rolling Stone. It wasn’t a good hand. With a Dolly Parton, you lost almost every time. Maybe that’s why the few he won sent him on winner’s tilt.

“You’re selling Gracie to a zoo.”

“Getting colder again.”

“Look, I’m in some shit.”

“It’s a sanctuary for old, abused elephants. They’ve been tortured and driven insane, and now they live on this farm.”

I followed his eyes to where Gracie was grazing. Ask me a goddamn question, I was saying in my thoughts; I needed to talk.

“Old lady elephants, sixty years old. They each have a favorite fruit and a favorite song. Isn’t that something?”

“Want to hear what’s going on?”

“They’re basically like people.”

“So that’s the refuge on the signs.”

“They’re private. The refuge is us.”

“I don’t follow.”

“In any case, lots of bedrooms. Take whichever.”

I wish you’d been in Japan, I wanted to say, which I realize was petulant. I don’t want to imply that I wasn’t grieving Aisling. But this is about my elephant songs. I did slam the door on my way in, to protest Ike Senior’s code of honor. The code held that men didn’t pry. No matter if the men were father and son, or the son was a little boy; the boy had to commence the talking. I’d traded Aisling for this, I thought as I lay down in a bedroom with faded red walls and a view of the mangy meadow beyond the yard. Never again would I make a seatbelt of my arms to hug her from behind. She wouldn’t drink days away anymore like the heroines of the hardcore songs I wished to write, rather than the fey songs I did write. My songs were about yearning, mostly. In them people yearned to be places they weren’t and do things they didn’t or couldn’t do. The critics called the songs gauzy. One reviewer had written that our last album was “full of fuzz.” Thinking about all this, I had a sort of temper tantrum in my head. Some ugly thoughts were churning in there when a voice said, What question do you want?

It hadn’t spoken in words. It more reached in and conveyed a feeling. I sat upright. Thirty hours and as many drinks since my last sleep. Until I saw Gracie out the window, eyeing me from her field, I thought I was dreaming.

“Is that you?” I said, facing her. My dad had said she spoke to him. All my life he’d been telling tall tales, but here was Gracie, staring at me.

You said you wanted a question, she seemed to reply, again not in words but as a sensation that had me reliving the desire.

Not from you, I thought back.

From who, then?

From my father.

What question?

Every question.

Give an example, she said in my head, at which time I realized what Gracie was doing: tricking me into admitting my crime.

It was one thing to imagine confessing to Ike Senior. Ike Senior would be a pot calling a kettle black to criticize me. This was an innocent, tortured beast. Probably she wasn’t speaking to me in my head at all. I shut my eyes and said good day to her, and awoke to find the sun low in the other side of the sky.

I appraised the situation. Aisling was still dead, I was still a fugitive murderer, and Ike Senior was still drinking on the porch. He had been joined by a leathery-skinned woman in her forties whose horsey jaw fell open when I came outside.

“Is this Junior?” she asked with fond surprise.

“James Junior, meet your future stepmom, Clara.”

“I work at the sanctuary,” said Clara. “Have you made the ladies’ acquaintance?”

“He met Gracie this morning,” said my father.

“From 1970 until last year, Gracie lived alone on a concrete slab. Her feet are ruined. They whipped her daily.”

“Hurt elephants, you should die,” said Ike Senior, with righteous anger in his voice. I scanned the meadow for Gracie, listening for her in my head. She didn’t seem to be near.

“James Junior, James Senior may be the last good man.”

“You’re the one saving the ladies,” my father told Clara, which was when I knew he must be conning her out of her money.

I thought of warning Clara what was coming, then spiriting Gracie away to safety. Gracie didn’t deserve being around my father. Altruism can’t save deadbeat rocker from lockup, read the ticker tape in my head.

“Elephants understand English,” said Clara, her eyes adoringly on Ike Senior. “They’re smarter than people. Complex in every way, and sweet.”

“That’s why they avoid me.”

“You’re not complex?”

“Or sweet.”

“Gracie visits you.”

“She’s not either, maybe.”

They continued this silly back-and-forth as if I couldn’t hear. Ask me a goddamn question, I thought. When Aisling was alive, I’d kept a list of reasons to break up, topped by “Never asks me about the past.” Even on coke she inquired only about the future. “Always the fucking future,” I shouted back at her once, with a randomness that startled her. That’s because my real fight was with Ike Senior. Ask a question, I chanted now in my head. By the bottom of my first glass, he still hadn’t done it. Even when Clara went in for ice, he glanced at me only to see if I laughed at his jokes.

“How do you shoot a red elephant?”

“With a gun,” I guessed.

“With a red gun,” he said.

“All these elephant jokes, as if they’re funny,” said Clara when she returned. “I mean, the elephant falls out of the tree because it’s dead?”

“And the idioms,” said my father.

“It’s awful. Elephants in the room and the white elephant and pink elephants and a memory like an elephant.”

“Elephants deserve better,” said Ike Senior, surely playing her. That’s not why I began dreaming up scenarios to make him feel bad; it had more to do with his attention level. I thought of claiming I’d been tricked into believing him drowned. Then I recalled replying to his tsunami email.

“Can I use your truck?” I said, only to see if he would ask my destination; it wasn’t safe for me to be seen in public.

He handed the keys over and said, “No title in it.”

“So just don’t get caught? That’s it?”

“No insurance card, either,” he said, with that subtle grin that asked the world to join in his wonder at how droll everything was. I took the keys. He was doing what he believed I needed, and I hated him for it. What’s the trouble, Ike, what have you gone and done? Cry if you need to cry. So vividly did I react to his not saying these things that Gracie must have heard me in her head, wherever she was.

I accelerated down the highway. Before I knew it I was crossing the Red River. Not the best choice to enter Texas again, but my fans were all sniffly emo boys and stoned vegan girls who lived in cities, not the kind of people you find at a trailer bar above a river gorge. I parked under a blinking neon sign for Busch and headed inside. In the dim interior a girl with bluebird shoulder tattoos was perched down from some ranchers in hats. “Double bourbon,” I told the bartender, taking a stool beside the girl. It felt good to be in a bar again. I’d thought maybe I’d flee the country without setting foot in another one. The bartender poured my drink, passed it over to me. My skin tingled from being so close to the girl, but I didn’t look at her as I mulled over my options. Hide out in Switzerland like Polanski. Live in a Third World capital. I would stand out by my skin color.

Maybe Moscow, I was thinking when the girl said, “You seem fun,” in a pleasant Ozark accent.

Tilting my drink down my throat, I turned to face her. She was cute, with cheekbones that sloped down toward her chin in a svelte triangle. “I’m mentally ill,” I said.

“What kind of music do you play?” This shook me. It’s only my face, I told myself, or my messy hair or my hollow eyes.

“I’m a restaurant chef.”

“Nearest restaurant’s thirty miles.”

“In Venice, California.”

“Are there foods that stop you from feeling emotions?”

“Which emotion is the problem?”

“Sadness, and happiness.”

“Well, I’m just the sous-chef, you know.”

I was starting to enjoy myself. She gestured down toward the ranchers, three of them in overalls and hats, all ogling her. “Could you kick their ass?”

“What did they do to you?”

“Stare when I’m flirting with guys.”

Musical ignorance, I told myself, because I needed not to like any girls now; favorite band probably Led Zeppelin; hillbilly twang. The chaos I sensed in her blood when she squeezed my hand.

“So you’ll do it?”

“What’s your name?”

“Haley, you misogynist,” she said, which cracked me up.

“I’m James,” I said, wondering about my last name.

“Feel like a tequila, James?”

“I think I do.” I bought us two shots.

“Welcome to hell,” she toasted.

“Is that a warning?”

“You’ve seen this place.”

I nodded yes, I had.

“Why else am I an alcoholic?”

“I drink a lot too,” I told her, glad to hear that she was one.

“Yeah, where have you been all my life?”

I admit it, the word depraved rose to mind when I heard myself say “Looking for you.” I swatted it away with another shot of alcohol. I was having too good a time. We got to talking about drunk jags we’d been on. I told about blacking out in the U-Bahn, and she told about blacking out in Denton, Texas. She said she wanted to die like Whitney Houston. “Gram Parsons,” I countered, carelessly naming a singer Pitchfork had compared me to. But nothing came of that.

We kissed to catcalls, scooted tables out of the way to dance. “Cheers, mofos,” I called out to the ranchers as we maneuvered around to a country tune.

As I spun Haley, I heard someone say, “Twenty K per tusk.”

I fell out of rhythm. “Pardon?” I said to a red-haired fellow in overalls.

“Pardon who?” he replied, as I steadied myself.

“You said twenty K per tusk.”

“I was discussing my job.”

“What line of work?”

“Know James, in the Shadwell place?

“He in the ivory trade?”

“I’m only saying yes cause you’ll black it out.”

“I’ll do no such thing,” I said, wishing Aisling would yell at this man on my behalf. I turned around to speak to her. Seeing Haley instead overwhelmed my brain in a sort of power surge. One of our LPs, Lumber, treats the subject of blackouts, mainly what you realize during them and then forget. The lyrics are pure fiction, since they’re about blackouts. We must have kept on talking. I caught little glimpses, which I still possess, like Haley whispering in the red-headed man’s ear. Looking for my bandmates, I wandered away. The bar was shaped like one in Portugal, in Porto, where we’d played Primavera Sound. It seemed to me I was back there again. “Eu gostaria de uma cerveja,” I said, and then it faded away and I awoke naked on a carpet rug.

Haley was asleep beside me. “Hey,” I said, poking her.

She awoke, snuggled against me. “Hey, cowboy.”

“I’m scared to move,” I said, referring to my hangover, but it was a deeper dread, one I could have described only by playing music.

“As you should be.”

“What’s that mean?”

“You live in the Shadwell place.”

“I don’t live in Texas.”

“This is Arkansas.”

“Whatever it is.”

“Haley, who are the Shadwells?

“Well, James, they’re teenage folk singers who murdered their parents and blamed it on slaves’ ghosts.”

So these Shadwells were in prison, I thought, where they fell in with some chick who conned them out of their home, got paroled, then met her match in Ike Senior.

“Maybe an elephant told them to,” I said.

“It was years before those elephants.”

I was thinking I might ask her if she could hear Gracie talking, but then her phone rang. She sat up and looked at the caller ID.

“My husband will kill you,” she said.

A memory flickered and went dark again as she reached for my guitar. Lifting it like a weight, she raised her eyebrows at me.

“Must belong to the Shadwells,” I said.

“Say why you’re lying, and I’ll sing one of my songs.”

“Are you a songwriter?”

“Frank owns this house, is the funny thing.”

“Haley, what songs?”

“The songs I write,” she said, beginning to strum. “I finished this one last week. It’s called Three Days Thirty Years Ago.”

In a rich, sultry contralto Haley sang about a boy who’d strolled the lavender rows with her in the South of France. He had woven flowers into her hair, long ago in a place called the Luberon Valley. That was where she yearned to be, not Texas, but strolling the poppy fields in Provence. The song soothed me into a lull, so that it startled me when Haley held out the guitar and said, “Now one of yours.”

I took the instrument, held it awkwardly as if I didn’t know what to do with it. “I’m a chef, remember?”

“My husband met your dad in prison.”

“My dad?”

“Same name?”

“Who’s this husband?” I asked, startled into another memory. It vanished when Haley’s phone rang yet again.

This time she answered. I heard a man’s dull monotone but none of his words.

“Okay,” she said, gesturing toward my guitar.

I shook my head no. She signaled again. I said no a third time.

“I won’t be long,” she told the phone then, as if my choice determined hers.

She hung up, got dressed. “Wish I could play,” I said.

“Call me when you’ve learned how.”

I followed her out to where a blue Corvette was parked by my father’s truck. I didn’t remember that car at all. She kissed me bye. As she drove away, I wanted to chase her down and shout the truth, so she would leave her husband and come write songs with me in another country, but I just stood there watching her disappear.

Alone, I wandered the house until I found Ike Senior asleep on a chaise longue. Clara wasn’t around. Absurd to feel lonely after just two minutes. I sat down at a desk, where I came up with some lies that I put down in a letter to my bandmates. Then I burned the letter. By now I was in a sorry state. Bile was swimming in my stomach from the hangover, and I wasn’t cut out for being disliked. Maybe my guitar would cheer me up. I carried it to the porch. Sitting in the bentwood rocker, I played Barnacle, song by song, until Gracie the elephant came shuffling up to the fence.

She didn’t stop there, however. She waltzed right on into my head to tell me my songs were ugly.

“What?” I replied, although I’d heard her: the songs that comprised Barnacle were chintzy and fake. They were overwrought and shrill and tasteless, she said, using words that once again belonged to no human language. If she’d been human, these are just the words she would have used.

Which parts? I asked.

She didn’t answer.

Gracie, say which parts.

All the parts.

Thinking we could understand each other better if I came closer, I carried my guitar downhill and sat on a log in her shade. “Why are you here?” I asked.

I seek peace, Gracie replied in my mind.

With her trunk she lifted some grass into her mouth. “This is peaceful,” I said.

It was until you arrived, she told me. You keep screaming for questions.

The last person I wanted those questions from was a feeble, abused old-woman elephant. “Hey, I’m good now. Let’s talk about you.”

Okay, let’s do, she said, still speaking in feelings rather than words.

She began to tell me about a two-bit circus that assembled in Kmart parking lots around the south. The brute Melungeon who ran it, Scoopy Bunn, had beat her daily with a prod. I’d never heard of Melungeons, so I knew Gracie was the one conveying Scoopy to me, but I hadn’t brought a pen. The only way to remember was to put her story to a melody, and convert her nonwords into lyrics.

My lingering dread over Aisling subsided as I sat there rhyming about the Florida midway where Gracie had longed for Lake Malawi. As I played guitar, she spoke in hints and thoughts that became my lyrics. I sang about her déjà vu and her dead brothers and the malarial swamp at water’s edge where she had fallen in love. No wonder Clara grew maudlin, I thought, shepherding Gracie’s inklings together in paired melodies. Already I could see her as the nucleus of a new song cycle. I wondered how I would record the songs. Elephants held captive in an alien land whose dullards still mourned the Civil War. Elephants who never blacked out drunk, a thought that before I knew it had me reliving the car wreck.

Suddenly the ground was trembling. I broke off from playing guitar to see that Gracie was turning from me.

“Wait, she was dead already,” I said, “I didn’t leave her to die,” but it was too late, she was waddling away.

I climbed the hill to the porch again. I felt pretty awful, but after a few shots of whiskey I told myself fuck it, and scribbled what I recalled of the new songs. I heard you thumping for me in another country, went the first line of a mournful number about Gracie’s homeland, where her depraved mother had rendered her undead. She never forgot that. Infinite life, finite storage space in the brain. One day in the Middle Ages, her brain reached capacity. After that, forming memories caused her pain.

I plucked an ugly tune about this, shouting its words until my throat was raw. Ike Senior came outside. “You’ll shred your vocal cords,” he said, sitting down next to me.

“Least of my worries,” I said, baiting him to inquire about others.

“You were speaking to Gracie.”

“I was sort of meditating.”

“Hear of that family in Siberia, only learned yesterday about World War Two?”

“I guess you’ll study their technique?”

“Well, it’s harder these days. Use to be, you just crossed the state line.”

“I need a new passport,” I said, thinking he would be curious to hear why.

“Under the bed you slept in, there’s a shoebox.”

When I stood to go fetch it, he laughed. “What’s funny?”

“You are. Think we’re in a spy movie?”

“Fuck you,” I said, but went to look anyway. I really did need a passport. And there really was a shoebox, but it held only slide photographs from decades ago.

Holding them up to the light, I saw no Shadwell sisters, no people, either, only calico cats. Dozens were sunbathing on the porch of that house where we were hiding. Thirty in one picture. I couldn’t help feeling some calamity had wiped them out, or they’d fled en masse from the same energy feeding into my new songs.

I lay down to write. Drinking, I puzzled out a refrain, a sort of theme. It’s good Ike Senior doesn’t care about me, I thought; this way I can focus. I jotted down titles. Hannibal, about elephants in war. Elegy, about elephants mourning. Logic Train, about intelligence. The lyrics came as fast as I could write them down. I’d tapped a vein, I could feel the songs surging with a voltage I’d never harnessed. The yearning was pitched not toward gauzy maudlin people but toward real people. If I could record and mix these somehow, I thought, and send the CD off in a predated package, I could die in a disaster of my own.

Night had fallen by the time I heard a familiar rhythm through the wall that I couldn’t quite place. There was muffled talk, too, so I laid down my guitar and went to the kitchen. I found my father and Clara playing poker with three strangers.

“You’re in time to buy in,” said Ike Senior.

“James’s kid,” said Clara, as it struck me: they were listening to the trumpet solo of my latest single, “Empty Harbor.”

“Fifty bucks, James’s kid,” said the beefy redhead to my father’s left, who looked familiar.

My pulse at cocaine tempo, I sat down between the other two men and laid down fifty dollars. My father gave me a set of chips. The song’s climax about lying drunk girls crescendoed into my vow to drown in Pacific water, and then damned if “Denouement” didn’t come on, final track of the album.

“Who put this on?” I asked.

“Mack,” said Ike Senior, pointing to the bearded professor type to my right.

“My girlfriend downloads stuff,” said Mack.

“Porn,” said the redhead, and the black guy to my left guffawed as if it was funny. I had never seen him before, but I had met the redhead at the bar. Frank was his name. And the table had expanded — the sort of unreal detail that jars you awake from nightmares, except there was only a leaf in the table.

“Singer sounds cute,” said Clara.

“Something less gay would be nice,” said the black guy.

Ike Senior reached back to the dial of what I saw was a satellite radio. My dirge about the feral child Kaspar Hauser gave way to Merle Haggard.

I calmed down. Mack dealt me a pair of kings. “Dollar,” said my father.

Everyone pushed a white chip into the pot but Clara, who stood and turned the dial back to my song. “I folded so I could put this back on,” she explained.

It occurred to me they would think it a tell, how my thumping heart made my shirt flutter as in a breeze, but I didn’t care about my kings. Not even with a flop of king five four. Sirius XM won’t play you twice in a row without a reason to. This is the end, I thought, placing a bet only in order to look normal. It got raised and matched until the pot held $75. For the turn Mack produced another five, giving me a full house. Meanwhile “Denouement” had reached its unsubtle pinnacle. I squeezed the table leg and kept matching the outrageous bets.

The river came: another five.

“All in,” said Ike Senior.

“See you,” I said, pushing my chips in. The song was about to end, and with it my freedom. You didn’t have to know Ike Senior well to see he would bluff his fortune away, swindle his lover, give up his son all in a day’s work. But then the music stopped and the deejay said nothing, and Ike Senior laid down a nine-five off-suit.

“You know how a Dolly Parton works,” he said, raking in his winnings.

Clara unplugged a phone from the stereo, and Merle Haggard came back on.

In my relief I drank more. It goes without saying that I’d been drinking all day. I bought back in for fifty dollars. No one knows what I’ve been thinking, I told myself, not even Gracie. The wall had blocked her, and she wasn’t real. None of this seemed real. Aisling had never been alive.

I’m rich, I can afford lawyers, I was thinking when I heard the word ivory, and turned to hear Mack whisper to Frank, “…a million, in dollars.”

“As opposed to what?” said Frank, which was when I recalled Haley referring to a husband by that name.

“Yen, retard,” said Mack.

The ivory markets, I thought with alarm.

I tried to meet Clara’s eyes, but somehow she wasn’t at the table.

“Is there something to eat?” I said, because I needed to sober up.

“Tired of eating my friend’s wife?” said Mack.

“In my home, my son eats who he wants,” said Ike Senior.

“Give me a second,” I told them, standing up.

“Take all the time in the world.”

I walked to the refrigerator, found it empty. Behind me the men were laughing. The game had stopped; they were just sitting there scheming. I needed to figure this out. Was it for the smooth running of a con that Frank had let me borrow his wife? Protect Gracie, I thought, but I’d known her only two days. Look at the girl I’d loved for years.

Truth was, I’d have struck Gracie dead along with every elephant if it would have brought Aisling back.

It occurred to me to put this in one of my songs, specify in the liner notes that a fraction of profits would go to the sanctuary.

I went looking for my notepad. Along the way, I got lost, because I awoke in daylight with the words 1st blackout written on my hand. First blackout, I lay thinking, awaiting the headache. This latest one might have been my thousandth or five thousandth, but I recalled one thing, the tusks. Frank and Mack had mentioned ivory. What I didn’t recall was who Frank and Mack were or why they knew my songs. If they’d seen the Porsche. If I’d forged any plan.

In hope of dredging up useful memories, I thought back to my first blackout, on New Year’s Day, 2000.

On New Year’s Eve, 1999, Ike Senior had arrived in Port Arthur after some years absent and announced he was kidnapping me. “If I’ve been praying for it, that’s not the verb,” my mother replied, so it came to pass that my namesake drove me across cypress swamps and oil fields to New Orleans where he said, “A whiskey before the end of the world?”

To shake my head no set bargaining in motion: you choose the label, you keep the change, we’ll sit by the river — except my long-lost father gestured not to a river but to a steep, grassy hill that rose twice my height above our dry position. As if it took no effort to fool a twelve-year-old. As if you could do it in your sleep. So I couldn’t help retorting, “That’s a hill, you sorry bastard, there’s no river.”

Ike Senior looked older to me then than he did twelve years later on the elephant farm. He aged years before my eyes, this man I self-consciously believed had broken my heart. “I’ve lied a few times, but give a sorry bastard a last chance.”

Chanting fuck fuck fuck fuck to staunch my hemorrhage of sympathy, I followed my father upslope. Let’s get this chance over with, I was thinking as we crested the grassy hill to behold a sea lapping at a shore higher than the city.

“Gasp away,” he said, earning several more years of my trust. Forever after, if I saw the French Quarter in photographs, my shame rose to that hundred-year floodplain where I’d apologized for hours on end. “Don’t dwell on it,” he kept telling me that night, which didn’t reassure me until my first sip of Jim Beam. Then suddenly it felt like the sun was bursting into the night to pour energy into me. It made Ike Senior happy, I saw as much, because we were feeling it together. Years later I would tell Spin I’d found my tribe at 11:59 that night, when a beautiful song I’d never heard beckoned from a bar and he said, “Neil Young.”

Fireworks exploded above us. “Who’ll be the first chick to suck my cock in the year 2000?” shouted a man in the crowd.

“Tawdry ending to the century,” remarked Ike Senior, a statement around which I would build an EP a decade later. We began the new century on a terrace of the Margaritaville Café. “If this were a film,” he said, “I’d take you to meet the whores.”

“Huh?” I asked, as he poured bourbon in our Cokes.

“One of those flicks where the old man calls his kid ‘Kid.’”

I felt a thrill at this open maw of uncharted country, but I was afraid.

“The father wants to help his son come of age, but the son starts hating him. Father shown to be a failure.”

“What do you mean?”

“Don’t the whores worry it’s a sting?”

“Oh,” I said, imagining myself drunk the next day, drunk through high school. If the whores didn’t worry, it was because they were drunk.

“Has your mother said what I do?”

“You’re a con man,” I whispered.

“Folks can’t hear you.”

“You’re a con man,” I said a little louder, still afraid of him, trying to lock eyes with any wasted stranger.

“No one but you knows it.”

“Mom knows.”

“She guessed it. To you, I’m admitting it.” And just like that, he drew me in. “Who else can I trust? No one, that’s who else. And I’ll tell you what, Junior, not an hour goes by when I don’t think about you. I’ve missed you so much.”

Tears sprang to his eyes. How could I have judged them to be false, when after years away he sat before me weeping from both eyes.

“I want to live with you,” I said.

“There’s stuff to learn.”

“I’ll learn it.”

“I don’t want you becoming a mark.”

“Teach me,” I said, and he began to. As he instructed me in spotting marks, I buzzed with pride. My vision was tilting to one side. Although I didn’t know it, my brain had ceased making new memories. Did I like girls? Did I like penthouse suites and poker? Yes, yes, and yes, but before we could enjoy those things, I awoke at sunrise on the levee slope, with trash strewn around me.

My father stood over me with a brown paper bag. “Feel like a doughnut?”

I took one. I could smell bilgewater, and feel shadow memories lurking in my pounding head as I leaned to puke.

He tossed the bag down. “It’s been fun,” he said, “but we’d best head home.”

“Yeah, I’ve had fun,” I replied, standing up, and out of shame or stubbornness I’d been saying similar things ever since. If someone had been around to tell it to that morning after the poker game, I’d have said it again.

Licking a finger to scrub First blackout off my hand, I went and found my father snoring in a trundle bed. It was a relief that he was alone. After all, what would I have said to Clara? Hide your elephants?

I would have broken her heart, I thought, wandering out into a windy, cold day. Gracie stood by the fence, eating some clover. I walked down to her.

“We need to get you out of here,” I said.

What’s it to you? she seemed to ask, raising her head.

“You’re in a lot of danger.”

So are all elephants, she said.

My dad cheats people and lies.

Maybe I cheat and lie too.

For a moment I was shaken by déjà vu. My next album’s about you, I told her, at which point the tenor shifted in our exchange.

All along she had communicated without words, but now she conveyed no feelings either. She just put up a shield so my feelings would bounce back at me, like my concern that was driven only by my new songs, and my desire to cancel out bad deeds with good ones. “No, it’s not like that,” I said, fiddling nervously in my pockets. I felt a cell phone there, not my own.

I looked in its music library. Both my albums were there.

“Listen,” I said, cuing “Four-Leaf Cover,” because I needed Gracie to perceive the sadness I felt about other people’s pain. Ugly or no, the song will demonstrate it, I thought until a calliope horn sounded, redolent of circus sleaze.

Who was worse to an elephant: a killer of young women or a child who begged to see the circus? I skipped to the next track, “Mom.” “She killed herself,” I said to explain the ugliness of “Mom.” Gracie was still plucking weeds. Who fucking cares? she seemed to be asking, until I recalled that she’d heard me play it already, on the porch.

Then it hit me: she recalled it today because she would recall it forever.

By playing it, I wasn’t just making Gracie like me, I was stashing my catalogue in elephant memory.

I’ve always believed life has no value if no one will remember you in a hundred years. Until now, though, I had been thinking only in terms of people. Now I saw that Gracie was my portal into eternity: if elephants survived, elephants would remember me. So I knew I had to level with her, if I wanted to get on top of my story.

Already I’d confessed by accident, via fleeting thoughts, so it shouldn’t be hard. I sucked in air, steeling myself. “Last week it was ninety-five in Austin,” I said, delivering words at a small fraction of the traveling speed of memories. “The air was humid, sultry, maybe Africa feels that way?”

Gracie was pretending not to be bothered, but I could see her listening. “All day we drank on the rooftop deck of this shabby marina bar,” I said to her. “Billy, our bassist, was afraid we’d get too plastered for the show, and Aisling told him, ‘Don’t be a gaywad, I’ll find us cocaine.’”

Like everyone she’d ever taunted, Billy folded to Aisling’s demand. That’s the kind of girl she was, I explained to Gracie. We toasted and drank. In that winter heat we were matched to our time and place, said Ren, the guitarist. I agreed. We improvised a song about it and sang it with some ranchers who’d driven from Uvalde. In the distance the Austin skyline poked above the juniper like little filaments of wire. I had probably read that description in a book, but I put it in the lyrics just to show off. “You have a gift,” said one of the ranchers. I nodded, smiling. Hearing I had a gift was why I wrote songs. I loved for people to think of me a genius, gambling ever more carelessly with my life. It turned me on to imagine dying young. By sound check we could barely walk. In the nick of time, though, Aisling came through as promised, and what a show: our shirts off for hours of noise and love that the crowd really felt for us; it wasn’t the drug tricking us into believing it. Girls loved us, boys did too, and a few of them invited us afterward to a mansion on a cliff above the foam-green Colorado.

As meticulously as I could, I pieced through that night: Aisling disappearing, some girls leading me into a vanishing pool where we stripped and swam and made out until one said, “You two kiss” and I turned to see Billy there. Gaywad, I thought, guiding his head in with my palm. I made love to his tongue with mine. Was he weeping or only wet? He seemed to like it in any case. I help people, I thought as I hoovered up another line. The girls’ skin gleamed in reflected moonlight. The moon had risen over foliage so Californian that I decided we were back home on the west coast.

As I dried off, a man with faraway hillbilly eyes and a liter of gin said, “I’d like to book you for South by Southwest.”

“If you’ll give me some gin.”

“This is filtered water.”

“It says gin right there.”

“Bar’s on the terrace.”

“Guess we’ll play Coachella instead,” I said, exulting at my wit. I turned to recount the scene to the girls, but the pool was empty. So I wandered into the garage to find Aisling alone in the passenger seat of a Porsche 911 Carrera.

I got in beside her. The keys were in the ignition, turned to accessories, and “Lumber” was playing. I remember because she skipped over it with a jab of her finger. Why, was it a weak song? “It’s weak because it’s about you,” I said, and so on until she called me a con artist like my no-good dad.

I couldn’t help it, I turned the engine and gunned the car in reverse, sending the garage door crumpling off its runners.

We went screeching backward down a steep driveway. “Cheaper ways to jerk off, pissy-pants,” said Aisling.

“I’m wet ’cause I was swimming with two girls.”

“Same name, same acorn, same tree,” she said, as I spun us around toward a far cluster of city lights. I think she was too busy mocking me to buckle her seatbelt. My songs were plagiarized, my cock was small, I would never feel real love. Over her drivel I couldn’t think which way led back to Sunset Boulevard. At a split I veered abruptly downhill. Her stomach must have fallen out, because she shut up.

“I don’t think this is the way,” she said.

“Depends where you’re going.”

“This goes nowhere.”

Never would I have asked my fiancée the way to somewhere, but damned if a TomTom didn’t power up and advise, “Left turn, mate,” in a congenial Cockney accent.

“Follow directions,” said Aisling with the force of a gavel strike, leaning in to push the wheel left with all her might. We went spinning off the road shoulder. The car skidded across talus until the ground fell away and we were sailing into space. Ahead of us a cantilever bridge spanned a wide, moonlit river. I had never seen this section of Los Angeles. Aisling howled. Was she upset? “We’re only having a wreck,” I said, before we hit the water.

There was more — climbing the hill, hitching a ride on Capital of Texas Highway — but I trailed off. Two of Gracie’s friends had appeared on the hilltop. The phone was playing the album’s closer, “Turgenev.” I imagined the other elephants were too far to hear me croon a vow to commit Ike Senior’s same crimes if it earned his respect in heaven, but Gracie heard. She studied me like her own eye in the mirror.

“Like I told you, I didn’t leave her for dead,” I said, feeling sort of desperate now for Gracie’s forgiveness. Before she could give it or deny it, my song faded into a ring.

I answered. “James,” said a woman the device named as Franklin Pierce. It took me a minute to figure out why she sounded familiar.

“Yep,” I answered, meaning I was my father.

“Where are you?”

“By the elephant fence.”

“And the others?”

It was Haley, I realized. She believed I was Ike Senior.

“They’re on their way.”

“James, stay inside while this happens.”

“Sure, Franklin Pierce.”

“Wait until it’s all over.”

“I’ll sit playing solitaire.”

“I’ve enjoyed getting to know you,” she said, sounding on the verge of tears.

She hung up. When I called back, the phone gave a busy-circuits signal.

What Haley wanted, I realized, was for my father to stay in the house while she and Frank harvested ivory.

I’d been seeing evidence for days now: they would shoot the elephants, saw off their tusks, and sell them on the black market. It would happen in thirty minutes, I thought, as Gracie languished in the mud, reading my mind as indifferently as ever. It struck me what a tiny fraction of her mass her tusks comprised. It was the same with oysters and pearls, men and their gold teeth.

And then it came to me: I had it backwards, this elephant hated all human beings equally. We were torturers who had put her in a cage alone for forty years. Most elephants were dead because people had killed them. In fifty years they would all be gone. What did Gracie care if I had killed a girl?

She was glad I’d killed a girl. It was one less human.

I’d known something was wrong with Haley from the moment I saw her, I told myself as I hurried uphill. If I’d wished to live with Haley in another country, half of me was bad like her. It was time to let that half die, and save Gracie whether or not she wanted it, I thought, spacing the words to match the pounding beat in my head as I climbed to the house.

Alone on the porch, I scrolled through the phone contacts looking for Elephant Sanctuary, then Sanctuary. No luck. Clara wasn’t listed either. I hit redial and got another busy-circuits signal. I paused for a drink. Pouring, I spotted a copy of the New York Times lying open to a picture of me, Ike Bright, Jr., in tuxedo and boutonnière.

In the picture I had fallen over backward in the sand in a beach chair. Beside me, Aisling, in a bikini and ball cap, was tying my shoelaces together.

I stared down at the caption until I could read a single word, gold. Then immediately I flung the paper out of sight so fast that a number of possibilities remained.

The lead investigator in my case was named Gold. My bounty was to be paid to Aisling’s father in gold. In the wake of my new notoriety, my records had gone gold. I had misread manslaughter and mistaken it for gold.

“Catching up on the news?” said Ike Senior behind me, causing me to drop the bottle. It crashed with a thud on the porch floor and spilled.

“I’m telling Clara your elephant plan,” I said.

“My plan to give them my money?”

“To sell Gracie’s tusks.”

“That was a ruse, to test how evil you find me.”

“Then it’s a redundant ruse,” I said.

“I was hoping we had a future.”

“You and me both, Dad.”

“But you believe I would hurt those elephants.”

“Fool me twice,” I said, pulling out the phone.

“I’ve fooled you more than twice, Junior.”

I could hear an engine approaching. We both turned to see a police car pull up in the ditch. A black man in a fedora got out, the poker player from before.

“Am I interrupting?” he said as he strode toward us.

“What’s this about?” said Ike Senior.

“You’re harboring a murder suspect, old man.”

Here’s what I thought, just for a minute: that this cop would earn a bounty from Aisling’s father by betraying mine and giving me over to the state of Texas. My dad had trusted everyone, even me. In a pinpoint storm’s eye I felt glad to know that Ike Senior wasn’t betraying Clara. But then his inscrutable grin never diminished as the policeman climbed the stairs. It seemed to me Ike Senior should stop grinning. Before I knew why he didn’t, the cop was handcuffing me to the porch railing.

“You can’t do this,” I said, still expecting my father’s smile to wane.

“Turn yourself in, file a complaint,” he said, taking the phone out of my other hand.

“How much money?” I said, still believing that the money was because of me.

“News will tell you a thousand per pound for ivory,” said Ike Senior, “as if there’s just one black market in the world. In Beijing you’ll fetch close to two thousand.”

It hit me, all of a sudden, how dimwitted I’d been to assume there was a bounty. In three days people haven’t survived their first stage of grief, let alone set bounties.

“You’re monsters,” I said.

“My buddy wanted to let you help,” Ike Senior said, “but I told him what you’re like. You’re as bad as that animal-rights activist you brought home yesterday morning.”

“Gracie, charge,” I shouted, aloud and in my head, screeching like I did in the songs Gracie hated so much.

“He believes Gracie talks to him,” said my father.

“She does,” I said. “She’s smarter than we are.”

“That night in New Orleans? I taught you how not to be a mark.”

“I blacked it out. What you taught me is to be a drunk.”

“You drink too much, that’s for sure.”

“Why are you doing it?” I asked, but I knew. Because he was good at it. Because of adrenaline. Because of alcohol. He had a lot of nerve, telling me I drink too much.

“They’re old and sick,” he said. “If you never forgot things, wouldn’t you want to die?”

“You said they’re like people.”

“People, elephants, I roll this way with all animals. Hey, it’s in the blood. You think I didn’t know all along why you’re here?”

“Why am I here?”

“I’ve done stuff in my day, Junior, but leaving her to die? That was low.”

As my father stepped down from the porch, I was speechless, but only in my voice. Not in my head. Flee, I shouted to Gracie in my head as Ike Senior led his buddy toward the garage. Charge the fence, tell your friends, except she wasn’t answering me anymore.

My father and his partner emerged with two automatic rifles apiece and crossed into the elephant sanctuary. They disappeared over the rise. I was working my handcuff down the railing. When it was low enough for me to kneel, I leaned forward and caught my breath. Now I could relax a little. It was during that spell of calm that I came up with my final song, which never made it onto the album. I didn’t get a chance to write it down. It’s about regular elephants, not vampires. It takes place fifty years from now, in the year 2063. In it, the computers of 2063 learn to decipher the part of elephant speech that’s too low for human ears. Although elephants are extinct by then, videos of them remain online. In my last song the citizens of my future play elephant videos one by one, as their computers translate, and it’s like finding ten thousand Anne Frank diaries; the people weep over those staggering words and say, “We wouldn’t have let that happen.” The African videos are bad enough, with their desperate cries while gunmen mow down elephants from helicopters, but the worst come from the sanctuary, where every old lady brings to the watering hole her own history of exquisite torture, and compares notes with the other cows, puzzling out what’s next.

I succumb to something like postpartum depression after writing a good song, but in that moment, listening for the first gunshot, it felt nice to finish one. I heard the distant wail of another siren. No, no, no, I thought, because as awful as Gracie’s fate was, I had quit feeling sorry for myself. It faded, the siren. For a few seconds before it picked up again, I felt proud of not screwing up. I would remain free. If Ike Senior was dealing in ivory, he could smuggle me across the border with my songs. No one would steal the songs, not that I’d guessed yet that anyone would try. I was in luck. I supposed it derived from my having inherited my father’s inscrutable poker face, which girls called enigmatic. Most of them couldn’t get enough of it. Not just girls, but critics, too. Critics sought my answers, trusted that they were full of subtext. Comment on the metaphorical structures in your songs, the critics would say to me, and I would reply, “There aren’t any.”

Macmillian Is the Latest Big 5 to Join Oyster and Scribd

This week Macmillian joined HarperCollins and Simon & Schuster in offering titles on subscription streaming services Oyster and Scribd. The two services, frequently dubbed “Netflix for books,” cost around 10 dollars a month for unlimited reading. The news was greeted with a lot of fanfare in the tech world, but the news isn’t terribly surprising since Macmillian CEO John Sargent had written an open letter last month about considering subscription services despite having just signed a new deal with Amazon:

Through great innovation and prodigious amounts of risk and hard work, Amazon holds a 64% market share of Macmillan’s e-book business. As publishers, authors, illustrators, and agents, we need broader channels to reach our readers.

In our search for new routes to market, we have been considering alternative business models including the subscription model. Many of you know that we have long been opposed to subscription. We have always worried that it will erode the perceived value of your books. Though this significant long-term risk remains, we have decided to test subscription in the coming weeks. Several companies offer “pay per read” plans that offer favorable economic terms. We plan to try subscription with backlist books, and mostly with titles that are not well represented at bricks and mortar retail stores.

As the above indicates, Macmillian is hardly giving its entire catalog to Oyster and Scribd. Instead, the users now have access to about 1,000 Macmillian backlist titles. However, if the backlist titles do well, they may well keep adding titles including new release. Some books that Oyster and Scribd users can enjoy titles from Ursula K. Le Guin, Mario Vargas Llosa, George R.R. Martin, Janet Evanovich, and more.

Charlie Hebdo and the Question of Comedy Punching Up or Down

In the last few years the claim that “comedy must punch up” has increasingly turned into a humor law in certain media circles. The concept is used to guide our reactions to events such as the recent attacks on Charlie Hebdo, where the consensus seems to be that we should, of course, condemn the horrific murders, but we should also condemn the magazine for violating the rule that comedy can’t punch down.

I want art to attack power rather than prop it up, and I certainly dislike racist, sexist, or otherwise vile art. Still, I’ve always questioned both the truth and usefulness of the “comedy must punch up” law. For one thing, it’s not always clear how to measure the direction of a punch.

Charlie Hebdo

The latest Charlie Hebdo cover: “All is forgiven”

The attacks on Charlie Hebdo were allegedly inspired by cartoons depicting the prophet Muhammad and mocking extremist leaders such as ISIS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. I imagine that Charlie Hebdo — whose offices were bombed in 2011 and whose staffers’ deaths were ordered by Al-Qaeda — would consider mocking powerful military and religious readers to be “punching up.” At the same time, it’s absolutely true that Muslim population of France are marginalized and oppressed. Those same “punches” mocking a religion may simultaneously be landing on them. A joke can punch up and down at the same time.

(Despite the think piece reliance on condemning Charlie Hebdo on punching direction grounds, the most offensive part of Charlie Hebdo’s cartoons is their use of racist caricature even when nominally attacking racism. And it is worth remembering that many Muslim writers, artists, and bloggers are also threatened or attacked for blasphemy and would certainly think blasphemy can punch up.)

The multi-directional swing of “punches” (yes, this metaphor gets a little icky) might help with understanding last spring’s #CancelColbert situation. Colbert clearly intended to attack power, mocking the Washington Redskins continued use of a racist name. Yet it’s also true that Asian-Americans are considered a safe target for racist jokes and could understandably be upset at being used as the butt of a joke even if they weren’t the intended target.

Stephen Colbert, #CancelColbert

#CancelColbert and Charlie Hebdo are also examples of satire being taken out of context. The Colbert Report Twitter account tweeted his joke without the surrounding bit, and the American media was filled with condemnations of — and for that matter praises for — Charlie Hebdo from pundits who mostly hadn’t even bothered to translate the captions of the cartoons… much less try and understand the targets. (If you are interested in trying to understand the context and meaning of Charlie Hebdo’s cartoons I’d recommend Jeet Heer on the history of offensive French cartooning, Hussein Ibish on the history of revenge for blasphemy in the Muslim world, “an open letter to my British friends,” Scott Sayare on the magazine’s reputation in France, and Chad Parkhill’s nuanced take on how the cartoons can still be offensive even understanding the meaning.)

Jokes can still land both up and down even without miscommunication though. Sunday at the Golden Globes, Amy Poehler and Tina Fey had two bits that caused some backlash: one about Bill Cosby’s rape allegations and another, with Margaret Cho, about North Korea. Although both bits were aiming up — at serial rapist and powerful entertainer Bill Cosby and at the North Korean dictatorship — some felt that the jokes hurt and demean victims of rape and of the North Korean regime.

There also seem to be plenty of “down” punches that are considered fine. I’ve never seen “comedy must punch up” people get upset about stand-up comedians mocking their exes, co-workers, or children, even though a comedian on stage has power over people who can’t even defend themselves. And what about “down” groups that are worthy mocking, such as the vile but marginalized Westboro Baptist Church?

Or how about the following Bill Hicks bit that is perhaps the most reposted comedy clip among literary liberal types:

The butt of Bill Hicks’s joke is a poor female waitress. Hardly a high up target. Perhaps we can say that Hicks’s real target is ignorance. Ignorance is arguably the most important target of satire, the real target behind all the other targets. Is ignorance “up” or “down”?

If we actually attempt to use “comedy must punch up” as a law, even restricted to satire, it requires a lot of “punching calculus” that is not as clear-cut. Certainly, as a rule of thumb, jokes should be directed at the powerful and the perpetrators of oppression and not the victims. But is that in any way specific to “jokes”? Don’t we want our non-comedy to also be aimed at bringing down power, not propping it up? Is a drama that defends oppression better than a comedy that does?

It’s certainly true that dumb and hateful people use “it’s just a joke!” as an excuse for their idiocy and hatefulness. But a question worth asking is if we need a flawed comedy law to condemn it. Why isn’t it enough to say that a racist/sexist/otherwise bigoted joke is wrong because it is racist/sexist/otherwise bigoted? And why isn’t enough to say that it’s poor comedy because it is resting on lazy stereotypes? There are many vile, lazy, and racist cartoons made of Obama. Obama is the president and a fair target for jokes, even by the punching up law. That doesn’t mean those jokes are clever or beyond reproach. Vile, hateful speech is vile and hateful. That’s enough of a reason to mock it.

REVIEW: Letter to Jimmy by Alain Mabanckou

Seven years ago, on the twentieth anniversary of James Baldwin’s death, African author and scholar Alain Mabanckou composed a book-length missive to the great American writer, delivering bitter news from the new millennium: “If you return to this world, Jimmy, you will judge your homeland even more severely than you did when you were alive.”

In the seven years between the first publication of Mabanckou’s Letter To Jimmy and the book’s new translation from the original French, Baldwin’s homeland has made no more progress toward racial understanding — toward becoming an undivided nation — than it did in the twenty years after Baldwin’s death or in the two decades prior, following the period during which Baldwin bore witness as the leading minds of black resistance were successively murdered. Medgar Evers. Malcolm X. Martin Luther King, Jr. Fred Hampton.

“I couldn’t stay in America,” Baldwin said of his despair in the aftermath to those killings. “I had to leave.”

With the passage of time, hopes once stalled under the gun have stagnated, surfacing time and again in the horrific reek of black men being shot in the street, shot under the color of real or assumed authority, shot dead in the bloody mess of a racist paradigm that makes a brutal lie of the most basic lesson mothers and fathers teach their children: Human life is precious, a sacred gift to be preserved at all costs. This rule can tolerate no exceptions and throughout his life and writing Baldwin summoned all of his profound wit, erudition, and fury to force his countrymen to wake up to the fundamental paradox of American life, the incompatible primordiality that our founding rights and freedoms were built upon a calculated decision to view black lives as a disposable commodity. The profit-point of that commodity may shift from one generation to the next, but as the trade evolves into new and unforeseen industries, the essential disposability remains, passed down in the seamless ease with which white men continue to pull the trigger on black targets.

James Baldwin loved America because he loved himself and he recognized himself as truly American — he could have come from no place else — and Mabanckou’s conclusion is all the more sobering in light of the fact that Baldwin judged his birth country with the searing betrayal that only boils forth when a loved-one disappoints us so thoroughly. Mabanckou centers Baldwin’s work as an act of “understanding the collective through the individual,” and through the personal Baldwin persistently challenged the national conscience, whether expanding from the tenant-landlord disputes of his own upbringing in order to implicate taxi-drivers, teachers, social workers, cops, Con Ed, the army, Albany, Wall Street, Washington, and an entire exploitative system in “Negroes Are Anti-Semitic Because They’re Anti-White” or addressing a grim and compassionate correspondence to his own nephew on the 100th anniversary of The Emancipation, writing in The Fire Next Time:

“I know what the world has done to my brother and how narrowly he has survived it. And I know, which is much worse, and this is the crime of which I accuse my country and my countrymen, and for which neither I nor time nor history will ever forgive them, that they have destroyed and are destroying hundreds of thousands of lives and do not know it and do not want to know it.”

***

Unexpected connections are a generative source of literature and Mabanckou’s Letter To Jimmy is sparked by the bond between seekers who’ve traveled common paths but never met: where Baldwin left his home in New York and found his authorial voice as an ex-pat in Paris, the Congo-Brazzaville-born Mabanckou left his home continent for France before arriving in Southern California. While earning numerous French literary prizes for bawdy novels equally-inspired by the oral tradition and Céline, Mabanckou has also spent the better part of a decade teaching at UCLA, and this role as an educator informs the tone of Letter To Jimmy.

Though Baldwin’s legacy has undergone a recent revival, in the early aughts his writing was in danger of slipping from view and Letter To Jimmy unfolds less as a correspondence between literary lions and more as an introduction to Jimmy. Mabanckou devotes the opening third of the short text to a linear chronology of Baldwin’s childhood, an upbringing in Harlem marked by the cold preacher’s gaze of his adopted father and Baldwin’s own youthful dalliance with the pulpit. Depending on the reader’s angle of entry, this biographical material will provide either a clear-eyed view of crucial backstory, or — for those who’ve read Go Tell It On The Mountain and Baldwin’s autobiographical non-fiction — a passage over well-trod ground.

While narrating the circumstances of Baldwin’s life back to him, Mabanckou maintains the direct address of the epistolary form. Though not a failure of Sara Medi Ansari’s translation, in this mode of address the English language fails Mabanckou: the affectionate rise of the French tu es falls flat in the declarative second-person you are, while the unchanging state of English possessives turns the ta, tes, and ton in a graceful sentence like “Elle m’apparaît ajourd’hui comme le prolongement de tes personnages qui ont ta voix, tes gestes, ton rire, ta colère, ton exaspération” into a rigid repetition of your, your, your, your, your, your.

Translation aside, correspondence is, at heart, an act of give-and-take and throughout the book there is room for far more “I” from Mabanckou. Deferring to the greater reputation of his counterpart — and an aim to educate rather than disclose — Mabanckou quotes extensively from both Baldwin and his biographers while also engaging influential post-colonial thinkers such as Frantz Fanon, Aimé Césaire, and Albert Memmi. This august company may not be the place for the tipsy digressions and reeling gleeful profanity of Mabanckou’s fiction, but it is still notable how little of himself the author reveals over the course of his “letter,” countering both his choice of form and his own reading of Baldwin, through which the collective can be powerfully addressed via the personal.

***

If I were to write my own letter to Jimmy it would begin with an apology; not on behalf of my race — for I’m certain Baldwin would’ve raised an eye and scoffed at my lack of authority to make such an offer — but rather for my initial failure to read him on the pure terms to which he aspired: those of “an honest man and a good writer.”

Growing up, raised in the damp whitescapes of Oregon, I found myself drawn to the hardened edges of punk, noir, and the steelier strains of black protest. Breathlessly reading Soul On Ice and Stokely Carmichael, bumping Public Enemy and the X-Clan; when Ice Cube gave up Olde English 40’s and began endorsing St. Ides, I too switched my preferred brand of malt liquor.

Yes, let’s pause a moment and allow that image to sink in.

Baldwin would label this liberal phenomena “a bizarre species of guilty eroticism,” though in my teenage case the erotics were seeded less in guilt than in desire, consuming black rage to compensate for the many lacks of adolescence: worldliness, physical maturity, purpose, depth, and so on. Grounded in the mythos of the Black Panthers, I ranged back to The Black Jacobins and then dove deep into Harold Cruse’s seminal 1967 text, The Crisis Of The Negro Intellectual.

Exhibit A of that “crisis”: Baldwin, James.

Damn but Cruse laid into Jimmy. For Baldwin’s crime of failing to endorse a political-economic model of black nationalism, Cruse blasted the author for being out of touch, deluded, and belonging to a complacent class of “writers (who) have therefore achieved nothing more in print than an agitated beating of their literary breasts. They are lost sheep bleating to the God of Freedom for their deliverance.”

In Letter To Jimmy, as an example of the divisive response to Baldwin’s work among the American black community, Mabanckou references Eldridge Cleaver’s even more caustic view of the author, quoting a passage from Soul On Ice that I’d since forgotten but certainly once internalized: “There is in the work of James Baldwin the most agonizing, complete hatred for Blacks, in particular for himself, and the most shameful, ardent and servile attraction to Whites than can be found in the work of any other black American writer of our day.”

Wrong. Wrong. Wrong.

Only at one time I bought every explosive word — Cleaver and Cruse were selling an agenda and I had endless needs to fill. In my imagined open-mindedness I was in practice subscribing to the flip-side of the very same paradigm that views black defiance as a threatening — and thus justifiably disposable — form of savagery. No less one-dimensional, my idolization and commodification of black protest left me among those who did not know; worse, it could accurately be said that I did not want to know. Cleaver and Cruse labeled Baldwin “soft” — anathema to my narrow uses — and that Tom-smear was sufficient cause for me to bypass Baldwin’s work for the entirety of my teens and twenties.

In my letter to Jimmy I would first apologize for this failure of character; then I would share the tail-chasing irony that if I’d read his work sooner I would’ve been much quicker to understand why I hadn’t read his work sooner; and finally I would offer quiet thanks for The Fire Next Time, Giovanni’s Room, No Name In The Street, and an entire body of work that sits not as a hollow artifact of its time but rises flush with brilliant turns of phrase that singe and thrill and challenge, words that remain vital to the living body of world literature.

***

On the heels of The Crisis Of The Negro Intellectual, Harold Cruse spent nearly two decades teaching in the African-American Studies department at the University of Michigan: the book’s 1984 reprint includes a forward by a pair of scholars from the university. Perhaps it’s pure coincidence, perhaps it’s one of those generative sparks of connection, but before heading out west to Los Angeles Alain Mabanckou spent several years as an Assistant Professor at the University of Michigan — though he never alludes to Cruse in the text, it’s easy to imagine Mabanckou drafting Letter To Jimmy as a gentle corrective to a roomful of misled Ann Arbor undergrads.

It’s certainly no coincidence that Letter To Jimmy comes into its own during a section titled “The Destruction Of Idols.” Freed from secondhand biography and on secure footing with a move to the common ground of France, Mabanckou delves into Baldwin’s rift with fellow ex-pat Richard Wright, an apprentice-mentor feud enflamed by the publication of Baldwin’s essay “Everybody’s Protest Novel,” which first appeared in the French literary journal Zero.

Every novel is surrounded by the infinite of what it’s not, and Baldwin’s “gotcha” point in the essay is a dubious one: he criticizes Native Son for Wright’s failure to accurately portray the nuances and cares of black family life, the flip-side of the exact argument made by Baldwin’s detractors. The protest novel lacks the depth of character to endure across generations; the personal novel lacks the political import to matter to a broad contemporary audience: the vertical versus the horizontal, a debate spinning endlessly.

Building from Baldwin’s critique of Native Son, Mabanckou lays out the basic framework of his own wide-ranging literary approach, one that seeks to avoid the natural limits of the protest novel. Citing the prevalence of African genres he refers to as “child soldier literature” and “Rwandan genocide literature,” Mabanckou writes: “If we are not careful, an African author will be able to do nothing but wait for the next disaster on his continent before starting a book in which he will spend more time denouncing than writing.”

Instead, Mabanckou has spent more time writing than denouncing. Sandwiched between a first-person screed from an incompetent, would-be spree killer (African Psycho, 2003) and the loquacious recollections of a quilled-rodent who doubles as a mass murderer (Memoirs Of A Porcupine, 2012), Mabanckou’s barfly saga Broken Glass (2010) stands as an exceptional tribute to free-roaming expression. Streaming in pages of wined-up, comma-strung clauses, Broken Glass trips back and forth between the dignity and indignities of palm-wine drunks and social outcasts, at times recalling Ben Okri’s towering short story “In The City Of Red Dust” as it traces the intimate rhythms of the barroom to indicate something greater about the forces that produce such overwhelming desperation.

***

“Is there a disproportionate amount of outrage sparked by an event, a disproportion linked to a kind of hierarchy of communities?”

Mabanckou poses this rhetorical question in the latter part of Letter To Jimmy, leading in to an examination of the differing responses to a brutal, anti-Semitic murder in the suburbs of Paris. In France, Mabanckou considers the notion of a black community something of “an illusion,” with potential members drawn from too many disparate cultures and colonial histories to cohere around a collective awareness.

This “collective awareness” distinguishes the American black community, and time and again a disproportion of outrage exposes the fault lines of our divided nation. If white youths were routinely being executed by the authorities — if their lives were being viewed as disposable either by cruel error or during the apprehension for minor offenses — members of the white community would summon every power at their disposal in pursuit of personal justice and institutional change. They would, to put it bluntly, freak the fuck out. Yet many of those same white citizens expect the black community to quietly take it on the chin and absorb corpse upon corpse, regarding these deaths as nothing more than an unfortunate function of the system which gives us our necessary freedoms.

Dead over twenty-five years, Baldwin had already seen Ferguson. He’d seen homicidal police justice perpetrated by “some blank American boy who is responsible only to some equally blank elder patriot.” He’d seen cases in which “the Grand Jury had judged their shooting of an unarmed, black adolescent as ‘justifiable homicide.’” He would’ve known there would be no fair trails in St. Louis and Staten Island, for there can be no trial when the prosecution and defense are already in agreement.

Baldwin cited this insidious, epidemic version of white supremacy as the organizing principle of the western world, and as the bodies continued to pile inexorably higher he viewed “outrage” as perhaps the only path to creating a new American morality:

“When power translates itself into tyranny, it means that the principles on which that power depended, and which were its justification, are bankrupt. When this happens, and it is happening now, power can only be defended by thugs and mediocrities — and seas of blood. The representatives of the status quo are sickened and divided, and dread looking into the eyes of their young; while the excluded begin to realize, having endured everything, that they can endure everything.”

Baldwin published these words over 40 years ago, and in endurance and the word he saw those glimmers of hope that critics like Cruse considered delusional and divorced from true political reality. But hope is the only passage out of despair and Baldwin continually put words on the page in that most powerful act of hope, the belief that the collective could be reached through the personal.

From this hope we have Alain Mabanckou, addressing his Letter To Jimmy to a global audience. From this hope we have Claudia Rankine, riffing on Baldwin’s words and potently exposing how slight upon slight builds to a solid crushing mass in Citizen. From this hope we have Michelle Alexander, changing the national discourse with The New Jim Crow and concluding her bestseller with the “The Fire This Time.” From this hope we have Killer Mike, in the immediate helplessness and despair of the Ferguson decision — despite his unbearable fear for the safety of his children and his rage against the American war machine — from this hope he found words that may have been more profane but which would have suited Baldwin perfectly, words which held the power to reach millions:

“These motherfuckers got me today. But with that said… you motherfuckers will not own tomorrow.”

Letter to Jimmy: On the Twentieth Anniversary of Your Death

by Alain Mabanckou

Powells.com

Tiphanie Yanique on Gabriel García Márquez’s Love in the Time of Cholera

Colin Winnette admires the writer Tiphanie Yanique, so he asked her to suggest a book. She suggested Love in the Time of Cholera by Gabriel García Márquez. Colin read it, then they talked about it.

loveand

Tiphanie Yanique is the author of the short story collection, How to Escape from a Leper Colony (Graywolf Press in 2010), the picture book I Am the Virgin Islands (Little Bell Caribbean in 2012), and the novel Land of Love and Drowning, (Riverhead/Penguin 2014). She has been listed by the Boston Globe as one of the sixteen cultural figures to watch out for and by the National Book Foundation as one of the 5 Under 35. Her writing has been published in Best African American Fiction, The Wall Street Journal, American Short Fiction and other places.

She is now an assistant professor in the MFA and Riggio Honors programs at the New School in New York City. She lives with her husband, son and daughter. They split their time between Brooklyn and St. Thomas.

Colin Winnette: When did you first read this book? Do you remember the exact circumstances that led to your picking it up?

Tiphanie Yanique: I remember hearing about the work of Gabriel García Márquez. I cannot remember ever reading this Love in the Time of Cholera in a particular class…but I know I discovered his work sometime in undergrad. I first read 100 Years of Solitude. I had the sense, while reading that, that I was engaging with something large and shattering. The kind of literature that knows it is attempting to address big things like nationhood and family. But I didn’t know shit about those things, so I read it mostly feeling these things going over my head. But I knew I WANTED to grasp these things. So I turned to Love in the Time of Cholera. It had the word love in it and this was something I’d been thinking very deeply about for a long time. I’d grown up on the love story of how my grandparents met. I’d already had a profound romantic love in my own life. So it seemed like a good entry point to this master’s work. Of course, it wasn’t that simple. This was also a novel about nationhood and family…but the entry point was romantic love.

CW: How did your grandparents meet?

TY: They met at a party. They danced to the Irving Berlin song, “They Say It’s Wonderful.” They were in love by the end of the night. These are the only facts they both admit to!

CW: When I first read this book, it struck me as incredibly romantic. This time around, I started to think it was…pragmatic, in a lot of ways.

TY: Oh, it’s both for sure. Both Fermina and Florentino are young when they first fall in love. They are trapped by circumstance. Their love is a rebellion. Their love defines them. Their love thrusts them into adulthood. Florentino stays there. He continues to create himself with Fermina’s gaze in mind. But Fermina, as a woman of her time and social status, has a sudden realization that she must be less rash in her choice of a life mate. Her adulthood means making a more deliberate choice. She chooses against passion, but in doing this she doesn’t choose against herself. It’s a different way to choose herself. And she doesn’t regret this choice…not for many years anyway. It does seem, though, that if we choose against romance, against passion and for stability, for safety, that we might sometimes end up happier, more successful…but that eventually we will have deep regret. We always want true love. Eventually, that’s what we want. Because, of course, it’s always what we want. Even if it’s the wrong choice.

CW: That’s a great way to put it, it was “a different way to choose herself.” So what is the foundation of her regret? There is love between Fermina and Dr. Urbino — a kind of love that I, if I’m being honest, found very moving in certain moments. So if she feels regret, longing for “true love,” how would you define or describe what true love means in the book? What sets these two relationships apart?

TY: The love between Fermina and Dr. Juvenal Urbino is no less true than the love between Fermina and Florentino. In fact, it might be more true. After all, Fermina and Juvenal raise a family together, share a household…mold their lives to fit the demands of their marriage. Many forms of love can’t sustain all that work. But there is no emotional beginning to Fermina and Dr. Urbino’s love. It grows from her practicality, not from her passion. A passionate love can mature to develop it’s own practical aspects, but it does seem much harder to kindle a passion that never arose organically to begin with. That doesn’t make one more true than the other, but it does seem to me that a love that begins with romance and intensity has a greater potential to be a fuller love, and therefore perhaps more fulfilling.

CW: GGM’s trademark “magical realism” is very tamed, very isolated and controlled in LITTOC. In my reading, the fantastic elements don’t alter the course of the story much, though they add texture and style to its telling. Is this a fable? An alternate world? A magical realm? Or does the book feel grounded in our everyday world. Your book felt much more fantastic and imaginative than this particular Marquez. And that’s not a dig at Marquez, I’m just saying this book has a fairly narrow focus, in some ways, or a smaller aperture than some of his other novels.

TY: How fascinating. I’ve never read Love in the Time of Cholera with the understanding that you’ve illuminated. I suppose this is because I see the love of Fermina and Florentino to be intensely magical. It is the main magical real element in the book. It’s incredibly pervasive, impacting the entire life of one character in even the most minute ways. I suppose I think this because of the way I think of magical realism, which is that it’s real. It’s life as we know it — you, too. Writers who choose to highlight the magical real, versus, say the psychological or social real, are just accessing a different level of human being and human interaction. The only way I can believe in a love that lasts a lifetime is via the lens of magical realism. That shit just does not make sense psychologically or socially.

CW: The story in LITTOC is an interesting blend of loose, unpredictable, and tidy. On a sentence level, there’s no telling where we’ll go next. But on a larger, narrative scale, we know exactly where the story is headed. I got the impression that he started with an ending in mind but let himself go wherever he felt like going as he worked his way toward it.

TY: Garcia Marquez was writing the story of how his parents met and married…so he says anyway. Of course, he adds his own embellishments, as any fiction writer would do. My guess is that he took what he knew of the story and then wrote it as beautifully as he could. I bet he hunted down the beauty…let it take him away and back towards the “”true” story. That beauty allows, perhaps even requires, a meandering journey.

CW: Oh, I had no idea. How interesting. I’m guessing Florentino and Fermina are standing in for his parents? Both relationships have their admirable qualities and their downsides. The “practical” side vs. the crazy in love side. The book makes a case for both, though it does seem ultimately to side with crazy in love.

TY: Yeah, well, Gabo always seemed to suggest that his parents were crazy in love. They made huge sacrifices to be with each other and to stay with each other. That didn’t stop his father from having children outside the marriage who his mom often took in as her own — so, not practical. Nope.

CW: Your new novel, Land of Love and Drowning, invites comparisons to LITTOC, and Marquez’s work in general. Did you think about your work in relation to Marquez’s when you were writing?

TY:I always think about Gabo. He’s the paternal deity that rules my writerly head. My title, in its subject and even it’s grammatical structure, is a tip to him. My novel also has a long “introduction” where characters who are historical to the rest of the novel take center stage and then disappear. LITTOC gave me permission to do this. Besides, structural elements however, there’s not much I’ve intentionally culled from LITTOC. Most of the magic in Land of Love and Drowning is intensely organic to the space I am writing about. The cowfoot woman, obeah women, the Anancy…these beings walk around the Virgin Islands. Eat in our restaurants. Sure, tourists don’t see them. And even people who have lived in in the VI for a few years might completely miss them. Islands keep their secrets. In some ways, because of Americanization and because of tourism, the Virgin Islands has done a fantastic job of hiding our more mysterious elements. It’s getting to the point now that we’re even hiding them from ourselves. I’m hoping literature might be a good place to put those mysteries…a place where we can remember them, but also still keep them close if needed.

CW: Do you have any personal stories like young Jacob’s?

TY: Oh, of course! But like I said…some secrets must be kept. So often these magical stories in our personal histories implicate someone we love…as Jacob’s story does. My family is relieved that I’m a fiction writer, not an essayist.

CW: That idea of “permission” is important, I think. Great books often offer a sense of freedom, I think. As a writer reading, I’m always waiting for that moment when the doors in my head start to open and all the blinds lift. What else did you learn from this book?

TY: One of the things this book teaches is that romantic love is still an important things to talk about in stories. Not just because it makes us feel warm and fuzzy, but because it’s IMPORTANT. It’s political, it’s social, it’s personal. But also it’s love. Come on. Nothing is more important.

CW: It’s also very difficult to write about. Or write about well, because on the other hand, it’s a very easy tool to use, narratively. (Why did she do it? Because she loved him/her.) In your opinion, what other books get it right?

TY: All the big things are hard to write about. Death, sex, war, love. They’re so achingly familiar — how to make them particular? How to make them reveal something about the human condition that they haven’t revealed in literature before? There’s a great book of literary criticism called The End of the Novel of Love. It’s by Vivian Gornick. She does a quick and sharp job of explaining why “she did it because she loved him” doesn’t much work in literature anymore. I’m with her. Writing about love these days is hard, hard work…but love, even romantic love, still remains vital to all the questions of why and how. So we’ve still got to write about it. I can think of quite a few books that are still trying to be about love. The Feast of Love by Charles Baxter, Jazz by Toni Morrison, All I Love and Know by Judith Frank, and Olive Kitteridge by Elizabeth Strout come most urgently to my mind.

CW: Would you share a passage from the book, or a few sentences, something that you think is either representative or just exceptional on its own?

TY: Oh this is easy. Garcia Marquez’s opening lines are simply undeniable:

It was inevitable: the scent of bitter almost always reminded him of the fate of unrequited love. Dr. Juvenal Urbino noticed it as soon as he entered the still darkened house where he had hurried on an urgent call to attend a case that for him had lost all urgency many years before. The Antillean refugee Jeremiah de Saint-Armour, disabled war veteran, photographer of children, and his most sympathetic opponent in chess, had escape the torments of memory with the aromatic fumes of gold cyanide.