A Definitive Ranking of All the Tamora Pierce Series

A definitive fact: Tamora Pierce is the true heroine of early-2000s YA fantasy. I’m far from the only teenager to have benefitted from Pierce’s frank depictions of female leadership, adolescence, and sexual agency (imagine a relationship in which the woman also wants sex! And has options for birth control!). Do these books still hold up, 10+ years after my middle school Tamora Pierce craze? A pandemic-ridden autumn seems like the ideal time to indulge in nostalgia and dive into some escapist fantasy with high magic, female knights, and a very badass black cat. Drawing upon an extensive bibliography (works cited: my teen angst, numerous re-reads, biased opinions, and Wikipedia summaries), I have compiled a ranking of book series by Tamora Pierce from worst to best. 

8. Miscellaneous, like those stories in Tortall and Other Lands and that Spy Guide of Tortall that isn’t really a novel at all

Okay. No discussion here. If you really crave some Tamora Pierce, these’ll help flesh out different details in her Tortall universe. But Tammy’s strength is in creating a lovable cast of characters and witnessing their growth—these books are only good as a tag-on. 

7. Beka Cooper: The Hunt Records

Set hundreds of years before Alanna even enters the picture, Beka is training to be a member of the Provost’s Guard, which mainly means tracking down bad guys with clubs. It’s a bad sign when the best part about this series is Beka’s cat, who you can find in a much-better series (cough Faithful cough). Sure, we gain insight into Tortall’s lower class, and the diary format with pseudo-Elizabethan slang is kinda fun (although, like this reviewer, I’m less convinced that we constantly need to hear breasts described as “peaches”). But moralistic, didactic Beka is by far from being the most interesting Tortall heroine. Her love interest is boring. It also doesn’t help that the Provost’s Guard, the Tortallian equivalent of the police force, is not exactly what I’m really into at the moment. A pass on the violent adventures of law-keeping, please. 

6. The Numair Chronicles

Giving slight benefit of the doubt here, since there’s only the first book of the series out. Magic academies are always a fun time, and an aspect that hasn’t yet really been explored in depth in the Tortallian universe. It’s also cool that we get to spend more time in Carthak, a land that’s fairly villainized. At the same time, we already know Ozorne’s pure evil so the narrative tension just isn’t there for me. I’d much rather learn about Thom’s time at the convents… or reread The Immortals.

5. The Circle Series (actually three series all centered on the same characters)

I have a soft spot for the Circle books, especially how Pierce literally writes magic into the everyday things around us, like plants or textiles or metals. (As an avid knitter, Sandry’s my girl.) It’s also remarkably great how all three series place friendship at its core; the Circle is formed of four friends, who strengthen one another’s magics. That said, The Circle of Magic is a slow, discombobulated introduction and I’m not a fan of the intense violence in The Circle Opens—it seems a bit gratuitous and is a jarring tonal shift. In general, the Circle books don’t have as satisfying of a character arc or cohesive narrative as the others. If we were ranking individual books, though… Will of the Empress is the perfect reunion epic, with its nuanced politics and poignant insight on adult friendships. Also, Briar is objectively the biggest heartthrob in the Tamora Pierce universe. 

4. Trickster’s Duet

Super mixed feelings on this series, which centers on Alanna’s now-adult daughter, Aly, an aspiring spy. She finds herself enmeshed in a revolution in the Copper Isles, where the native rakas are plotting to overthrow the corrupt the luarins (a.k.a. white people) that have colonized them for centuries. On the one hand, this is Pierce’s most politically complex series yet and a personal favorite; Aly is a conniving, uber-talented, and snarky heroine that is an exciting change from Pierce’s other characters. (We love Alanna, but does she have a sense of humor? No.) On the other hand, Pierce’s handling of slavery and colonialism is sloppy, especially in the first book. Aly occasionally smacks of white saviorism. But Trickster’s Queen is a much more deft look at systems of power, and I’m very into how it highlights the logistics of revolution. 

3. The Song of the Lioness

Where it all started, the original female-driven fantasy epic: a girl pretends to be a boy to become a knight, winding up with various magical powers and saving the entire nation. It’s the series that most Tamora Pierce lovers started with. This is where the ranking gets really hard. The Lioness books feel epic and timeless from the get-go, and there’s a wonderful level of detail in world-building. I love how the series unironically revels in a world of magic swords and horses with names like Moonlight. But partially due to the epicness of all it all, Pierce draws more upon archetypes here than in her later books. Characters like Duke Roger and Ralon of Malven are not super fleshed-out, performing the role of quintessential “bad guys.” Politics are similarly painted in broad strokes of good and evil. Still, it’s a classic that can’t be replaced in its scope, vision, and ability to conjure up overwhelming nostalgia. Would 10/10 still give to any teenager. 

2. Protector of the Small

I stand firm in my choice of ranking Kel above Alanna. Even more than the Lioness books, Kel’s journey is an effective exploration of the everyday, grueling tasks of becoming a knight. (As a Virginia Woolf lover, I’m a sucker for books that explore the mundane. Fantasy is no exception.) The Kel books make everything in the Alanna books more complex, from the physical realities of knight training to the political systems of monarchy. Kel is the first girl to legally train as a knight in Tortall, thanks to Alanna’s trailblazing—but their temperaments couldn’t be more different. Kel’s cool-headedness, dogged determination, and just pure emotional stability makes for such a nice departure from many fantasy heroes. Plus, I’m a big fan of the ragtag fanbase that Kel accumulates throughout the series. 

1. The Immortals

Animals! Gods! Monsters! Multiple female role models! A baby dragon! Shape-shifting! More animals! This series has it all. Plucky animal-lover Daine flees to Tortall after a violent bandit raid, where she slowly comes to terms with her inner magic. Her journey gets wilder and wilder, eventually culminating in a pretty legendary finale. In addition to her stellar cast of characters, I love how Pierce writes animal voices; they’re believable and lovable, but not in a saccharine Disney-esque way. It’s also satisfying to get so much of Lioness overlap, because we can see how beloved characters, like Alanna and Buri, are now reorganizing the country. Lastly, Daine’s quest to find a sense of home—as an orphan refugee (who also happens to have godly powers, #relatable)—is still a poignant meditation today on identity and belonging. A+, thank you Tamora Pierce. 

What Happens When Your Grandma Turns Into a Bird

Entering the odd and exquisitely nonlinear world Marie-Helene Bertino’s Parakeet dislocates over and over. The novel begins with the unnamed bride protagonist talking to her deceased grandmother who appears to her in the form of a parakeet. Grandmother as parakeet tells her not to get married and to go find her missing brother. She also demands an explanation for what the internet is, and defecates all over the bride’s wedding dress. 

Parakeet

With incredible sleight of prose, Bertino moves through the chronology of the bride’s life. Time slips and slides, and the bride’s mind fragments as she moves closer to her moment at the altar. On her way there, she deals with an old friendship, seeks out her brother who’s written a play based on her childhood, also called Parakeet, and inhabits the physical body of her own mother. The bride has suffered an injury but the exact nature of her trauma and its full revelation comes later and startles. 

I spoke to Bertino about putting birds through a narrative prism, deconstructing femininity, how time moves when you are traumatized, and what being ambiguous and opaque to others means in America.  

(Ed. note: Marie-Helene Bertino discussed magic and feminism with Elissa Washuta for Electric Literature’s virtual salon series—watch a replay here.)


J.R. Ramakrishnan: I tried to explain to a friend what your book is about and couldn’t quite do it because so much goes on! 

Can we talk about the parakeet as a symbol? It appears as the grandmother of the bride and then throughout the book. I love the part when the bride says, “Every time I saw one as a child was a holiday.” 

MHB: The bird in its literal form and as a metaphorical image goes through a lot of transformation and into a lot of different meanings. The most literal the bird is in the very first line with the grandmother. In that moment, the bird is meant to be exactly what it is: a transformative object meant to propel change in the bride’s life. It comes in the form of something that she loved, and something that brings her comfort and something that she would trust. 

From then on, the bird refracts. I very deliberately did this—it was almost as if I put the bird through a crystal, and then wrote all the refractions that were reflected on to the wall. The bird then becomes an idea of immigrations, and of accidental immigrants. The bird becomes the title of a play, in which there are other birds, that is meant to signify a cherished childhood stuffed animal and memory. Where we find out how the bride has been injured, the parakeet is a distraction, a colorful distraction, from a very, very violent scene.

I challenged myself to use the metaphor in as many different ways as I could. The very last occurs in the very last three words that book has been hurtling towards the entire time—without even me really realizing it, to be honest. I wrote those words and realized, oh, it is about connection. This bird is meant to achieve for her this intimate connection has been unable to achieve for herself.

JRR: “Refraction” was exactly the word that came to me when I thought about what you do with time and how you move through it in the book. When the bride’s at the play, she thinks, “There is no memory in a play. A play is always present tense. I am newly injured in real time.” Could you talk about how you thought about time? 

MHB: Time is very much meant to be a supportive infrastructure for the trauma in the book, so that it reflects what happens to your understanding of time when you have experienced an injury and trauma like the bride’s.  

Anytime you make a mark on a page, I don’t care if you write the letter “A,” if you write a title, you write a paragraph, you are manipulating time, right? And what you choose to fill in on a page and what you choose to leave blank is a negative space. These are all units of time. I very much wanted to do to time, to use everything I could possibly think of, on a page with time, to help tell the story of time, of how sometimes it reverses, rewinds, moves faster and moves slower, the way it does when you’re in a catastrophic incident, and the way you do for every moment after that incident. The trauma forever changes you. Anytime you remember something, you re-experience it and time works in that same way on you again. It was a literal representation of how time begins to move independent of logic. 

I was focusing on trauma, but I think it works the same way when you’re in love. Days can feel like years when you’re waiting for a loved one to return or when you’re waiting to see your child or when you’re waiting to give birth to your child. There is nothing emotional that doesn’t land on time somehow. I was very literally trying to represent that.

JRR: The whole book moves towards the bride’s wedding, which is obviously a heteronormative marker of femininity. You have multiple meditations of femininity including the bride inhabiting her mother’s body and her missing brother who has transitioned to being a woman. 

The world tells you exactly what you are supposed to think a woman is. You are supposed to look like this. You are supposed to want to be this.

MHB: You know, just like the idea of the bird is being refracted, so is the idea of so-called femininity. The world tells you exactly what you are supposed to think a woman is. You are supposed to look like this. You are supposed to want to be this. Personally this has been extraordinarily frustrating throughout my life as I know it’s been for many, many women I know—and for no one more than transgendered folks. I just really wanted to deconstruct the conceits of femininity and refused to have the bride match the expected archetypes. My ideals of beauty have never matched what the world has told me they should be and perhaps that’s because I’m Basque and Italian, and culturally I grew up kind of different from the conventional American ideals. I’m not sure. It was just so important to me to say, actually here’s a strange-looking brown woman who doesn’t want to get married. She’s kind of mean sometimes, and loving at other times. She is also just as valid, feminine-wise as, as anyone else. And then obviously the Simone character was the PhD level of that idea today. 

JRR: How did you create Simone? 

MHB: So you get to know very quickly how limiting languages is. I knew when I was placing Simone in the bride’s literal point of view, that that could very easily be a situation of subjugation. The first thing I did was figure out this snag of craft, allowing Simone to tell her own story, for example. I gave her this monologue so that she could literally tell the bride in her own words what her story was. And then I had to make sure that the novel itself didn’t become a tool of oppression and didn’t itself do what they call dead naming. So as soon as Simone arrives, so to speak, in the text, there is no longer a character named Tom. The only time the character of Tom appears again is in memory. 

I worked on these ideas with a sensitivity reader, a very, very smart professor of English, who is a trans woman, Grace Lavery. I asked her if I could have Tom appear in memory in the latter half of the book, without dead naming. We talked about how in a flashback that would work and she said if the bride is having a memory of Tom, that’s okay. It would be different if she were referring to him in the present tense and the present day scene. So speaking of time, I had to make sure that as I was going through all of these flashbacks in time portals that I wasn’t also having it act as an oppressive tool. It was fascinating to get really into the linguistics of how the present to her most respectfully.

JRR: The bride is ethnically ambiguous. The grandmother (the parakeet) says “kind of” when the bride says, “We’re white.” The bride then goes on to say: “We’re considered white now.” The bride’s great-grandfather is Roma and you have her mother-in-law say a horrible slur about her background towards the end of the novel. Would you talk about this? Do you have Roma roots as well? 

MHB: Yeah, that is a bit of my own personal experience taken directly from my family. I read as ethnically ambiguous and have been approached several times in my life, sometimes aggressively about what I am. It’s always like, what are you? And not: who are you? Earlier this year,  in Montana, an older, white drunk man approached me and demanded to know what I am. When I asked him to leave me alone, he became aggressive. It seems to really infuriate people. When a) they don’t know who you are, don’t know what you are, and b) when you are in some way opaque to them. How dare you show up in my line of vision and have me not know, immediately, everything I think I would know about you?

It’s hard for me to love America as much as I do, and love traveling around America as much as I do, and also have to constantly be reminded how I don’t belong in towns like Missoula, Montana.

This has happened to me enough in my life, that it’s all over my writing, and more and more with each thing I write. I think that many times you write what you wrestle with. It’s hard for me to love America as much as I do, and love traveling around America as much as I do, and also have to constantly be reminded how I don’t belong in towns like Missoula, Montana, and how it can be when that experience is erased by seemingly well-meaning white progressives. The restaurant where that verbal assault happened was owned by a woman who was not there that night but wrote me a letter the following week to tell me that if it makes me feel any better, what that man did was not racist. In my own work, I get to explore these themes and work through them a little. I gave that experience to the bride because I think it’s an important American one.

I am sometimes perceived as ethnically ambiguous, which sometimes leads to questions and confrontations like this one. But that aside, I don’t claim to be anything other than white. We actually are not sure about [the Roma roots] as there’s estrangement and liars on both sides of the family. There is a lot of alienation and a lot is not altogether known from that part from the Basque region. And that’s all I can say really—that’s about as nuanced as it is. It’s very difficult to explain when most people just see you and want to make a snap judgment of what you are.

How to Sell a Bra in Five Minutes or Less

“Daughter of Retail” by Sari Rosenblatt

Retail works like this: Someone walks in the door and she’s yours. You may not fall in love, but you have to put her body before yours. You must see whatever it is she wants to show you; smell her smell; satisfy her. You must sell yourself before you sell the suit.

I was twelve when I started working in my father’s store—Schmurr’s: Say what you need; get what you want. We got the whole Schmurr.

“Shorten the slogan, Irv, for Christ’s sake,” complained the eighty-year-old accountant.

“Shorten your mouth and maybe you’ll learn to add,” said my father, circling a number a half-mile down from the top of the ledger. They sat in Schmurr’s glass-encased office, which gave my father a commanding view of who was selling or talking or stealing. The accountant’s white hair had one large bald spot, a pink planet of a spot whose topography was speckled with mauve and brown gasses. My father banged his index finger into the ledger as though hammering a nail into oak. “To the moon, Alice!” my father yelled at the little old man, betraying his equal disdain for women and math morons.

In his own bald head, my father could figure columns of numbers the length of Rubber Avenue. Though he was a merchant of wearable goods—anything that could be hung on a rack or stacked on a shelf—what he loved most was numbers. He’d sell them if he could. But he couldn’t. Schmurr’s New York Bargain Goods was his inheritance, his own father’s most successful enterprise (after the Naugatuck screw factory went belly up), and it was his duty as oldest son to take it over. Numbers would have to wait or he could do them on the side. Just as a fine artist must sometimes steal time to do his art, my father had to steal time to figure his columns. You could say he stole time from his children, but he wouldn’t have known what to do with us, anyway.

Every night he’d bring home stacks of hard-bound, blue books and as we watched Walter Cronkite or What’s My Line? he would add and figure, mostly in an effort to catch the accountant in a mistake. I sat on the couch parallel to his and we parallel-watched Peggy Cass and Kitty Carlisle try to determine if someone was deceitful or really a horse buckler from Idaho. My father kept his head down and followed columns from top to bottom. His pencil was a baton, going down, softening the sound of the loud horns. He was in a swoon over his numbers. Water pooled in his mouth but he was in too much of a reverie to swallow. He figured out loud, saying the numbers softly to himself like a man in prayer, raising his voice only when he found a mistake: “224,289,486,552,594,604, son of a bitch!”

This was what my father lived for. The rest of it—the store, the goods, the coats, the pants, the hats, the wife—was filler.

I was filler. Stuart, however, was something more. To my father, Stuart was a successfully computed multi-figure, multi-decimal, quarter-mile column. He was the captain of the Naugy High football team and the president of the Naugy High band. With shoulders as big as boulders, he could both command the marching band and plow into a fierce defensive line. The only bad thing about him was that people used his football prowess as a launching pad to diminish me. Seemingly respectable, law-abiding customers would come into our store and start striking me down with hammers, axes, small talk.

“You athletic like your brother? You fast on the field, quick with the ball, comfortable on the court?”

I could only look down at the linoleum, or out at the sky, clutch my bony clavicle and sigh, “Not really.”

I saw retail as my only chance to be recognized as a rightful heir, to be considered an important, viable Schmurr.

The truth was I was afraid to challenge myself physically because I knew I’d always fall short of Stuart. I didn’t want to be short and I didn’t want to find out if I was short. I’d wait to find out; I’d wait as long as I had to. In the meantime, I had to be something.

So when retail beckoned, when one evening making dinner my mother stuffed a hard-boiled egg into a raw, wet meatloaf and said, “Hon, you want to work at the store?” I clutched my clavicle, that thin, protective guardrail, and said, “All right.” I saw retail as my only chance to be recognized as a rightful heir, to be considered an important, viable Schmurr.

Yet at twelve, I was only toying with my inheritance. Retail worried me. At its heart, retail is the art of getting familiar fast; of staring at a body you’ve never seen and summing up the size of its whole or its parts—either the whole oven roaster or, separately, her legs, thighs, breasts, back. Often in the course of doing business, you had to touch people. You had to zip, adjust, pull, snap, smooth, measure. If I was going to judge a woman’s size, I needed more evidence. If I was going to touch her, I wanted a longer courtship.

I started by dusting purses. I showed great promise, so my mother began grooming me for bras. There was no soft coddling or slow cooking where retail was concerned. At Schmurr’s my mother was all business: Schmurr’s wife. Mrs. Schmurr’s Department Store. And once I crossed the threshold of Schmurr’s as a worker, I became—in the eyes of the public and probably of God—Schmurr’s Daughter. The Daughter of Schmurr. There was no turning back. I could only stand and take my instruction. “If anyone asks about a bra,” my mother told me, “you say, ‘Playtex Cross Your Heart has good lift and separation.’ If anyone asks about a girdle you say, ‘Playtex Double Diamond has good tummy control.’ Then come get me.”

Waiting for my time to come, I hid in purses. The purse department was in the front of the store, yet it was hidden in the far wall of a tiny, three-sided alcove. The purses were right next to Schmurr’s large display window and therefore were heated from the afternoon sun. The sun passed through the family of mannequins, passed the fake fall leaves taped to the window, and always found its way to me. The sun blessed and covered me and I became a baby beneath a receiving blanket. If I didn’t fight it, I would have fallen asleep in the sunny tunnel of light and dust that shone down on purses.

Purses occupied the two top shelves of the alcove, and the other two shelves were stacked with diaper sets, baby blankets, baby boxed outfits, and baby boxed bath wear. Flanking the rows of shelving were racks of hanging baby clothes—rompers, overalls, acrylic pants with snap tops. Most of our customers—rubber workers who worked the assembly line across the street—didn’t want purses. Only occasionally did they buy baby clothes. They needed the raw essentials—underwear, workpants, support hose. Still, purses were a great place to duck and cover, so I stayed there and did whatever I could to make the purses present themselves well.

There were vinyl purses with plastic handles, snaps, and single or double straps. There were vinyl clutches and vinyl shoulder bags with an array of different surfaces: rough, smooth, patched, pebbled, or alligator-look. There were some evening bags: beaded, lame, or dyeable. I arranged them by size and texture and color. Beyond that, they needed constant dusting since they were at the front of the store and seemed to catch all the dust and chemical residue spewed by our next-door neighbor, U.S. Rubber. I’d spray Windex again and again on the vinyl bags, wipe them clean, wipe them until they sparkled and shimmered and until the customers had thinned out and it was safe to leave. I tried to make purses my life’s work. I tried to look busy and uninterruptable. I hoped nobody would find me. They always did.

“Little Girl!” they’d scream, as they ran in for their fifteen-minute break. “Blouses for big women! Stockings for big legs!” The questions got progressively harder and from time to time I’d have to leave my small alcove to stand in the aisle and field the assaults. “Little Girl! Blouses for big women with big busts!” “Little Girl! Stockings for fat legs and big butts!” I’d show them, tell them, then slip back to purses.

Stuart got to avoid retail for the fall season. He had football practice and was therefore excused until after Thanksgiving. When he helped at Schmurr’s, winters and summers, he didn’t have to do any dirty work, either. In Men’s, where he was stationed, it was easier. Men came in and asked for things but they always seemed to acquiesce to whatever we had, to make decisions quickly, to buy it before they’d tried it on, to wear it even if it didn’t fit. Women needed more time and pretty much always wanted to try on things. They wanted someone to counsel them or at least offer an opinion or a blessing. It was as if they were saying, “Pray for me. Please, pray for me.”

Before I started working at the store, I too would be home for the fall season and for all the seasons. Most days after school, I would come home and lie on my bed, on the pink spread that always caught the afternoon light. I could have taught my dog, our old terrier, a thing or two about lying in patches of sun. I knew how to catch the sun and make it stay on me, how to let it warm my head, neck, the small of my back. Stuart, three years older, was supposed to babysit me. He’d bring his football friends home after practice, around four thirty, before my parents got home from the store, and our kitchen table would be surrounded by a large sample of Naugy High Greyhounds eating two or three packages of Lorna Doones. My own room was right next door to the kitchen, in the former den, and even though Stuart would sometimes close the sliding pocket door that divided the two rooms I could clearly hear them. From my patch of sun, I could almost imagine I was sleeping. But I didn’t imagine what they said. They spoke about Sky Bar tongues, Snow Ball breasts, Sugar Daddy legs. They talked of Almond Joys, Mounds, Milky Ways, and Spearmint Leaves. They were breast and thigh guys rushing Candy Land. Stuart didn’t contribute much to the conversation except to laugh or say, “Shhh . . .” When they left, Stuart would open the pocket door that divided them from me and say, “Are you there?”

“No.”

“Okay.”

But it wasn’t okay. I didn’t want to hear it and I didn’t want to see it and I wanted to stay in purses forever. I was in purses the day Verna Pixley rushed the main door of Schmurr’s. I swear I heard glass spraying, as though she had crashed through the main display window, maiming the mannequins and wielding a semiautomatic rifle.

“Somebody quick!” she yelled to everyone. “I need a bra!”

I turned my back as soon as I could, squirted yet more Windex on a vinyl bag, and hoped one of the other salesgirls—Lena, Rita, Esther, Martha, Theresa—would come over and save me. I was not ready for this. It was too fast for me. I was not precocious in bras.

I made some fake, useless motions around the purses—touching the handles and fingering the clasps—hoping to look legitimately occupied, but she found me. “Little Girl! Fast, fast! I need a bra! Do you work here?” I turned around to face her, knowing as I did so that I had just left purses—probably, forever.

“Yes?” I said.

Walking out of the alcove, I stood in front of her and looked into her eyes, which were big and black and seemed to regard me with absolute shock, as if I was either her tormentor or savior.

“Can you help me?” she asked.

I couldn’t say yes, because I didn’t know if I could, but I couldn’t say no, because my father would kill me.

I was not ready for this. It was too fast for me. I was not precocious in bras.

“Follow me,” I said, with a twelve-year-old’s poise and presence, even as I looked furtively for my mother. She was at the cash register, her glasses on, pressing buttons and moving her lips. She might as well have been behind bars.

We ducked and dodged other customers and made our way to the back of the first floor. We passed the Ship’n Shore blouses; the knit, elastic-waist slacks; the poly-tricot nighties; the brushed flannel pajamas; the acrylic, vinyl-palm gloves; the Poll Parrot and Hush Puppies shoes; the pierced and pierced-look earrings. I could hear my father’s voice rise above the crowd. He spent his days waiting for his nights: his book of numbers. To pass the time, he yelled at the help and crooned to the customers.

“Yolanda, I’m a fonda’ you,” he sang to a customer, as she waited her turn at the cash register. “Eugenie, give me a penny and I’ll give you a dollar bill.” To my father, lyrics were kindred spirits to numbers. They had to fit and have the right number of syllables. “Daisy, Shmaisy, give me your answer do. I’m half crazy, give me eight, twenty-two.”

“That Mr. Schmurr got a perpetual song in his blessed heart,” Verna said as we made our way through the umbrellas and car coats. She told me she needed a new bra for her niece’s christening and right away I pictured girls in bridal-like gowns, boys in blue suits, and Verna Pixley in a new, bright-white Playtex.

At every step in that walk to the back of the store, we sank or bumped or floated into other customers’ arms or hips or bottoms. This was the three o’clock rush when the rubber workers of U.S. Rubber emptied into Schmurr’s. They were line workers, front-line footwear workers who assembled rubber boots and U.S. Keds. They had fifteen minutes to either grab a donut next door at the coffee shop or come to us to buy pastel shells or housecoats or half-aprons. When fifteen minutes was up, a whistle blew that you could hear clear down Rubber Avenue and the workers had to race back to their line. To save time, I thought, they must pee in their pants.

Fifty, sixty, seventy women filled Schmurr’s during the three o’clock rush. Men came in too, but not in such masses, not with such panic or dogged purpose. Our Men’s department upstairs was smaller and had mostly work pants for rubber workers, painters’ pants for painters, pants for the safety pin and lipstick tube workers, pants for the mechanics, the chemists, the bottle makers, the candy makers, and the mayor. The women were the bread and butter of Schmurr’s. My father understood that women had abundant and abiding buying potential. They needed to dress as workers and wives; as housekeepers, cooks, and food shoppers; as mothers, gardeners, and car drivers; as party, beach, and churchgoers. They got old and sick and needed to buy things that slipped on easily, that didn’t need buttoning. They needed proper dress for luncheons and club meetings. They bought novelty items, things they didn’t know they needed: furry slippers and nighties with French travel phrases. They got pregnant. They got fat. And they filled every inch of Schmurr’s with noise, heat, and smell. They filled it with their bodies, mostly big, hot bodies, so many bodies my own body felt unnecessary and weightless. In the rubber worker rush on Schmurr’s, I became disembodied, which was what I really wished for then.

If I were bodiless, I wouldn’t have to take gym. Without a body, I wouldn’t have to take off my clothes in the girls’ shower.

Just that day, the day Verna Pixley entered our store, I was working on a problem having to do with taking off my clothes in the girls’ locker room. Initially, this seemed a mathematical problem that could only have a mathematical solution. To get credit for gym class, we had to take off all our clothes and get in the gang shower. Now, none of us twelve-year-olds wanted to reveal our bodies—either to ourselves or to others. On the other hand, we wanted credit for jumping jacks, half pushups, half sit-ups, running our half-court basketball. So, what to take off; how to take it off; how to be naked without being naked; how to get wet while remaining dry.

Math failed me, so I went on to magic, logic, mechanical engineering. It was really about magic, so I worked the problem magically, picturing myself simultaneously dressed and undressed, dry and wet, and leaving the gang shower wrapped in a big towel and eligible for credit. Now, if I didn’t get credit for taking a shower I’d get a failing grade, a sixty-five, and my father, looking at my report card for two short seconds, would see before him the ninety-five, the ninety, the eighty-five, the eighty, and invite that sixty-five to stick in his craw.

What’s with the sixty-five? What about gym? he’d say, pointing to the sixty-five with the neat nail of his index finger. You need to be fit. Fit’s important. Fit’s the most important thing. Look at my bicep. Look! It was a big bicep, marbled with veins. It looked like a snow igloo bursting at the seams with a big, extended family inside. He worked at this. There were hand weights and hand grips and arm stretchers in the master bathroom. At parties or casual dinners with friends, he won more arm-wrestling matches and did more one-handed pushups than any other man. He’d get redder in the face, moan louder, push more. He had the biggest veins and biggest biceps and I had to be naked in the girls’ shower to win his approval.

What’s your excuse? he would say, his now-relaxed arm pointing again at the sixty-five. There was no excuse and the only way to survive in the world was to have no body. It all came down to having an invisible body, denying the body, or trying to just walk away from the body, leaving the shell behind and taking the head with you.

But for now, tunneling through the crowd with Verna Pixley, I needed my body and it was there for me, even though it felt slight and light as air. The girls—Lena, Theresa, Esther, Martha, Rita—each with different customers, looked at me with badly restrained smiles. I was a new act for the ongoing show of their lives, which often seemed purposeless and unending. When my segment was over and the rubber worker rush was gone, they’d go back to sizing, sorting, and straightening the same clothes they’d been handling for months. They were heroic by default and necessity.

If by excruciating boredom they didn’t fold a sleeve under a sweater or left uncorrected a size 16 mixed in with the 18s, my father could sniff it out like a Bullmastiff and come out of his cubicle with his snout in a state of agitated expectation. He’d approach the sweater bin, stiffen his body, lower his chin, and bark, What pain in the ass isn’t doing her job?

Finally, at the far corner of the first floor, Verna and I reached a cramped section close to the back exit. The size of a 1950s closet, it was not big enough to qualify as a department unto itself. Among ourselves, we called the section simply, Bras. On wooden shelves painted a deep aqua—the same paint we used on our aqua-colored ranch house—the bra boxes were stacked in uneven rows. They looked like books in the library. On the bra boxes I saw a mass of numbers and letters, a kind of Dewey decimal system I hadn’t yet learned. There were also pictures of women in bras from which I could determine the style—whether the straps had lace, for example, or whether there was a floral design on the cups. But the picture couldn’t tell me if the bra had a light liner or big pads or what-the-hell-size this huge Verna Pixley would wear. What the pictures—white women with pointed nipples and neat pageboys—told me was this: you couldn’t opt out of breasts. You couldn’t get a written excuse; you couldn’t be out that day.

“Playtex Cross Your Heart is nice,” I said, mimicking my mother. “It lifts and separates.” She looked at me like I was nuts.

“Lifts and separates,” I said again, holding my hands out like a book, then raising them up and out. It was a gesture Moses might have made to part the Red Sea. I had no idea what I was saying. Lift and separate sounded like something a bulldozer did to shale and rock.

“Oh yeah!” she said, suddenly, startling me. “I saw that commercial on TV. Playtex lifts and separates. That’s right. Right. Good.”

She was with me and I was with myself until I asked again, “What size?”

“Size big-as-you-got.”

“Sorry, but I need a number,” I said. “We need to get it right because bras are not returnable. That’s a state law, not Schmurr’s.” I felt I was a spiritual medium and my dead grandfather, the screw and retail magnate, was speaking through me.

I looked up at some big numbers I saw on the bra boxes. “Forty-two, forty-four?”

“Lordy,” she said. “It been so long. Can you read the tag on the bra I’m wearin’?”

And before I had the chance to scream, she had her shirt up in the back of the store as though the words “private parts” meant nothing to her.

Well, I would have needed a map to find that tag, the expanse of bra was so big and the terrain so diverse. On her back were both raised and recessed spots, dots and scars. And the bra itself was in places bumpy or smooth, threadbare or thick, heavy or light, white or beige according to various stretch, pull, or tension points. I found where the straining hook eyes came together but I had no room and not enough strength to flip the material over to find the tag.

“I can’t find it,” I said.

To which she replied, “I’ll just take off the whole thing then.” I must have had the look of a lean, nervous sprinter waiting for the gun to go off because she said to me, “Look, baby, I need this bra. Your daddy says in his jingle, tell us what you need and we get it for ya. I got less than five minutes. If I’m late, they kill me.”

We were both living with death threats—she from her supervisor, me from my father if I failed to make, or tried to make, this sale. “Go in the dressing room,” I said quietly, “and take off your bra.”

I looked high up on the shelf and saw forty-twos, forty-fours, but then there were the cup sizes, the Cs, the Ds, the CCCs, or the DDDs, the wired and not wired, the laced and plain, the cotton straps or stretch straps, the black or white. I was going for a forty-four DD when she called out from the dressing room. “Little Girl! I found the tag but it’s so old I can’t read it. Maybe forty-four! Quick. Just get me forty somethin’.” I pulled a forty-six DDD from the shelf and ran to the dressing room. There in the tiny closet of a room, I nearly drowned. For Verna stood before me naked from the waist up, with breasts as big and obscene as anything I could ever have imagined. The full-length mirror made me see four breasts, and for a moment the four nipples, like four wide puckery mouths, sucked all the oxygen out of the room, and it seemed I was breathless and floating. “See about this,” I said, almost throwing the bra box at her while trying to run out, but she said to me, “Girlie girl, I’m afraid I be too sweaty to try these on. You got some paper towel, sweet pea? Or just a rag?”

Then and there I must have made a decision, a heartfelt promise to heaven that for a “girlie girl” or “sweet pea” I would do anything for her. My father gave me names like pisspot, whiner, names of horses that would never win the Kentucky Derby.

But Verna’s names for me were loving, tender. She didn’t even know me and she was probably going to be docked money for returning late to her line. I ran for rags. What I found was a new roll of toilet paper in the utility closet and some baby powder. I grabbed them both and ran back. I unwrapped, unrolled, sprinkled, mopped, and felt like a true professional in the field.

“That’s good, honey doll,” she said to me, as I was balling up paper, rubbing her down. “That’s good, sweet plum. Nice, baby, nice, nice.” She pointed her index finger down her back. “Below the shoulder blade, lemon drop. That’s good.” Her tone worried me a little, but I was so in love with the promise of other fruit she had yet to call me that I just went on with my rubbing and mopping. “How’d you learn to be such a good helper?” she asked me.

“My mother’s teaching me but . . .” I knew I should just shut up and make a sale, but I wanted to tell her. Even though she was half naked, I edged slightly closer to her face and looked into her ear as I spoke. “I think I’m bad at bras,” I said.

Her whole body seemed to tighten. She crossed her legs at the ankles and bent way over, her breasts approaching the floor way before the rest of her came close. “You’re not bad at nothin’, sweetheart. Only don’t make me laugh. I’ll pee in my pants.”

“Don’t do that,” I said. “We’ll have to get you underwear, too, and I don’t understand underwear, either.”

“Don’t understand underwear?” Still bent over, she put one hand on her stomach and the other hand straight out, as though she was trying to stop traffic. “Don’t make me laugh!” But she laughed. She couldn’t help herself. And she peed. “Wait ’til you have your babies,” she said to me. “You start leaking now and then.”

Leaking. No one told me about leaking. “I got four minutes,” Verna said.

She had started trying on the bras, now that I had prepped her, and I went to look for “dry panties,” as they say in lingerie. Luckily, I ran into my mother, who was trying to make some order in the back-snap dresses.

“Ma!” I yelled. “I got some lady trying on a bra! Forty-six DDD.”

“You poor thing,” she said.

“And she needs underwear, too! I haven’t learned the underwear!”

“I’ll get it. I’ll get extra big—triple X—and meet you back there.”

Verna almost had the bra on, but needed me to hook it. As the two hook-eyes came together, she said, “Yes, Yes, baby. Good! Good!”

I felt I’d come in first, whatever it was I had entered. Then there was a knock on the dressing-room door. “Who is it?” I asked, resenting the intrusion with my customer.

“Just me,” said my mother. She opened the dressing room door and I saw a hand enter, a disembodied hand from which was dangling industrial-size panties. I grabbed them, gave them to Verna. “Meet me at the cash register,” I told her.

I was sorry to leave her. I would have helped her put on her blue sweat-soaked jersey and her black stretchy pants. I think she was sorry to see me leave, too. “Yes, darlin’,” she said.

I walked down the front aisle to the cash register carrying her old bra, the new bra box, and the price tag from her new pair of panties. My mother saw me and cheered.

“Atta way, babe.” The girls—Lena, Theresa, Esther, Martha, Rita— stood behind the counter, their bodies like packages they had wrapped in their own arms. I felt I was approaching a receiving line of New York aunts. Their faces, happy now as they saw me, were ready to snap into boredom at a moment’s notice. The old bra hung from my hand like cascading babies’ breath. My face was flushed. Verna was behind me now, calling, “Where’s my baby girl? Where’s that girl child?”

“Her name’s Ellen,” my mother called out from behind the cash register.

Beside her, my father was crooning, “Somewhere, over the rain hats,”

To a small white woman as he rang up her triangular plastic babushka. As I walked down the aisle he saw me, witnessed my victory, felt the spirited air around him, and interrupted his song to belt out an insult so everyone could hear. “That’s my pain in the ass.”

I was twelve, but at that moment I was pushed further out, over my head. And while I didn’t ask for retail, I knew, for better and for worse, it was beginning to happen to me. My father knew it, my mother knew it, and Stuart, having just now finished practice in the fall dusk, likely knew it, too. Retail was the woman I’d soon become.

20 Small Press Books from 2020 You Might Have Missed

There’s no denying that this is a rough—if not catastrophic—year for many businesses, from mom-and-pop-run local eateries to huge corporations like Macy’s. But as the Washington Post noted, a national array of bookstores and readerly good-will has helped Bookshop.org raise millions for indie book businesses. Luckily for us, this means that the indie publishing industry is also being kept somewhat afloat; like 2019, it’s still an exciting time for diverse works from smaller presses.

With the intense influx of news, you might have missed some of these exciting titles. (Dare we make a joke about 20/20 vision?) Below, we’ve curated a list of 20 books from 20 independent presses to round off your 2020 reading list. 

Akashic

The Brooklyn-based indie press publishes urban literary fiction and political nonfiction, focusing on voices that are typically ignored by mainstream media or go against the corporate publishing world. 

The Schrödinger Girl by Laurel Brett

Laurel Brett’s debut novel features Garett Adams, a psychology professor in the 1960s, who is faced with a dilemma: a young woman, Daphne, seems to multiply into four different versions of herself, each accompanied by a different timeline. Is Daphne’s existence(s) scientific proof, a part of Garett’s research? Or is it all self-delusion? The Schrödinger Girl illuminates, explains, and juggles complex concepts with ease, leaving readers pondering the multiple realities after the book is finished. 

Catapult

You Exist Too Much: A Novel by Zaina Arafat

 You Exist Too Much by Zaina Arafat

The books division of Catapult—an organization that also offers writing classes and community, as well as a digital magazine—publishes “award-winning fiction and nonfiction of the highest literary caliber.” 

Zaina Arafat’s debut novel features a bisexual Palestinian American narrator who struggles with self-destructive love addiction. Her girlfriend leaves after discovering evidence that the narrator has cheated on her, prompting the narrator to check herself into rehab for love addiction, which doesn’t quite deter her from picking up and discarding numerous other lovers as she moves to the Midwest for graduate school and then back to New York. Meanwhile, she craves the approval of a perpetually disapproving Palestinian mother who won’t acknowledge her queerness. This isn’t a coming-out story or an immigrant story, but one about a complex, messy protagonist caught between identities and homelands, obligations and desires. 

Coffee House Press

Dedicated to community inclusivity (check out their virtual programming!), the Minneapolis-based press aims to widen “the definition of what literature is, what it can do, and who it belongs to.” 

Sansei and Sensibility – Coffee House Press

Sansei and Sensibility by Karen Tei Yamashita

Sansei and Sensibility combine a few of our most favorite things in a dazzling array of short stories: Jane Austen, a re-imagined Mr. Darcy, and Yamashita’s energetic prose. Karen Tei Yamashita takes Austen’s themes and sets them against a multicultural California landscape of the 1960s and 70s; beloved canonical characters are re-cast as Japanese American immigrants. Throughout the collection, Yamashita explores the question of inheritance—of how and what we inherit from our cultures, families, and histories—with poignant insight and humor. 

Counterpoint Press

Berkeley-based Counterpoint Press is author-driven and devotes their energy to “fresh, cutting-edge, and literary voices,” publishing fiction and nonfiction, poetry, graphic novels, and anthologies. 

The Disaster Tourist by Yun Ko-Eun, translated by Lizzie Bueler

In The Disaster Tourist, Yona Ko works for the South Korean company Jungle, which specializes in creating tour packages to destinations that have recently experienced some major disaster. After she speaks about a sexual assault by her boss, she is sent to evaluate a Vietnamese island that once had a sinkhole to assess whether it is still a worthy inclusion in Jungle’s portfolio. There, she discovers that desperate islanders who fear losing the business of Jungle tourists are planning to engineer a new sinkhole during a festival that might kill at least 100 people.

Deep Vellum Publishing

This Dallas-based non-profit emphasizes the importance of cross-cultural communication and translated literature. They’ve also recently awarded 43 emergency grants for Texas writers in response to COVID-19. 

The Ancestry of Objects by Tatiana Ryckman

The Ancestry of Objects is both urgent and lyrical, braiding together themes of consent and control, family ghosts, and epic tragedy. A young woman starts an affair with a married man she meets at a restaurant. Within that same week, she can’t stop thinking about ending her own life. Tatiana Ryckman’s darkly erotic new novel questions what it means to survive, and the ways in which we split our identities to do so. 

Dzanc Books

In addition to publishing innovative new fiction, the Detroit-based non-profit runs an online literary journal and multiple literary programs. The name, “Dzanc,” was formed from the five initials of the founders’ children. 

The Snow Collectors by Tina May Hall

The Snow Collectors combines a Gothic murder mystery narrative with the impending doom of environmental crisis. Henna goes to a forested, ever-snowing village to forget about the loss of her family; far from finding peace, she discovers a dead body and becomes involved with finding out the truth behind the Franklin expedition, a long-ago Arctic expedition. Tina May Hall’s prose is dreamily haunting, conjuring up ghosts, danger-tinged snowy landscapes, and eerie beauty. 

Europa Editions

Perhaps the most well-known in the U.S. for publishing Elena Ferrante’s The Neapolitan Quartet, Europa Editions was founded in 2005 in Italy. Europa Editions is dedicated to bringing a wide range of international voices to British and American publishing markets. 

The Enlightenment of the Greengage Tree by Shokoofeh Azar

Shortlisted for the International Booker Prize 2020, The Enlightenment of the Greengage Tree explores the connections between the dead and the living. The novel is narrated by a ghost, 13-year-old Bahar, who tells the story of an Iranian family in the aftermath of the 1979 Islamic Revolution. Set amidst the chaos of post-revolution and oppressive violence, Azar’s novel examines how to process trauma through storytelling. 

Feminist Press

Based in New York, this non-profit has been publishing feminist works and pushing for equality since 1970; they pride themselves on “books that ignite movements and social transformation.”

Apsara Engine by Bishakh Som

Apsara Engine is a graphic short story collection centered on women and gender-diverse characters. Bishakh Som blends South Asian mythology with contemporary reality, featuring half-human creatures, futuristic worlds, postcolonial cartography, time traveling tourists—and more. Som’s fiction debut is strikingly illustrated, full of sepia-toned watercolors, and poses questions about gender, bodies, and dualities. 

Graywolf Press

Graywolf—a Minneapolis-based indie nonprofit publisher—specializes in poetry, literary fiction and nonfiction, and works in translation for adventurous readers.

Barn 8 by Deb Olin Unferth

In Deb Olin Unferth’s latest novel Barn 8, a rebellious teenager from Brooklyn ends up working as an auditor for United Egg Producers after heading to rural Iowa to find her deadbeat dad. Incensed by the conditions the chickens are kept in, she joins forces with the disillusioned head auditor and a band of animal rights activists, vegans, a farmer’s daughter out for revenge, and others to rescue 900,000 hens.

Red Hen Press

Red Hen Press sees literature as an essential human practice and is “committed to publishing works of literary excellence, supporting diversity, and promoting literacy in our local schools” in the greater Los Angeles area.

Subduction by Kristen Millares Young

In this debut novel by Cuban American journalist Kristen Millares Young, Mexican American anthropologist Claudia flees Seattle for the Olympic Peninsula Makah reservation after her husband leaves her for her younger sister. She hopes to disappear into the whaling village of Neah Bay under the cover of interviewing an elderly woman she had previously befriended, aware of her connection to all the well-meaning but flawed interlopers of Neah Bay’s past. When the woman’s son also returns home seeking answers about his father’s murder, the two begin a complicated affair that ultimately highlights the awkwardness of Claudia’s presence in the community, problems with cultural appropriation, and the limits of her hopes of belonging there.

New Directions

Founded in 1936 by James Laughlin as a series of anthologies, New Directions Publishing “relaunched many classics with introductions by contemporary authors” and “proudly publishes great literature from around the world.” 

The Hole by Hiroko Oyamada, translated by David Boyd

The Hole is the latest novel by Akutagawa Prize-winner Hiroko Oyamada. In it, a young woman named Asa quits her job so she and her husband can live closer to his job, in a house her in-laws have generously offered that also happens to be right next to theirs. Trapped at home all day, Asa has bizarre encounters with her husband’s family, about whom she knows very little. One day, she falls into a hole and meets someone there. This surreal, atmospheric literary thriller is a fresh take on the domestic suspense novel that builds to a neat, satisfying conclusion. 

Other Press

Other Press is an independent publisher of literary fiction, nonfiction, and poetry that “attracts authors who are guided by a passion to discover the limits of knowledge and imagination.” 

Beside Myself by Sasha Marianna Salzmann

Beside Myself by Sasha Marianna Salzmann, translated by Imogen Taylor

In this debut novel by German playwright and essayist Salzmann, a young woman travels to Istanbul to hunt for her lost twin brother Anton. Gender-changing drugs are for sale on the streets, and as Ali wanders around looking for Anton, her own gender begins to break down and open up. The history of Anton and Ali’s family—who left the USSR for West Germany in the face of rising anti-Semitism after Stalin’s death—is woven into the present day events, as Ali navigates political upheaval and searches for connection and belonging. 

Seven Stories

Seven Stories is a literary and political press named for the first seven authors “who committed to a home with a fiercely independent spirit” (Octavia E. Butler among them). 

The Emotional Load by Emma

The Emotional Load by Emma, translated by Una Dimitrijevic

French cartoonist Emma gained international attention a few years ago when her cartoon blog post “You Should’ve Asked” went viral, highlighting how women often get submerged under the mental load of being the household task manager. In her second full-length translated graphic narrative, Emma explores everything from the burden of care placed on women to rape culture to police violence and green capitalism. 

Soft Skull Press

Soft Skull Press publishes books in every genre that “engage art, culture, and current events in new and radical ways.” 

Where the Wild Ladies Are by Aoko Matsuda, translated by Polly Barton

Aoko Matsuda’s linked story collection Where the Wild Ladies Are (a reference to Maurice Sendak’s children’s classic Where the Wild Things Are) offers up a subversive, feminist reimagining of traditional Japanese ghost stories and folktales. In one story, a woman sleeps with the ghost of another woman who was killed by a man she refused to marry. Almost all the narrators are twists on stereotypes about women, such as a jealous wife or an overly talkative middle-aged woman, and many are linked to one another in clever ways throughout the collection.

Tin House

Originally founded as a literary journal in 1999, Tin House is now an acclaimed publisher, leader of workshops and seminars, and a podcast partner. They are based in Portland, Oregon.

A Girl is a Body of Water by Jennifer Nansubuga Makumbi

A Girl is a Body of Water is a feminist epic centered on Kirabo, a young Ugandan girl, who starts questioning her origins. Kirabo has been raised by the women in her village, but struggles with the absence of her mother. In her quest to find answers, Kirabo starts spending more time with the local village witch, who teaches her about the “first woman.” Jennifer Nansubuga Makumbi explores what it means to honor one’s heritage and traditions, and what it means to come-of-age as a young woman in 1970s Uganda.

Transit Books

The Oakland-based non-profit, founded in 2015 by two MFA friends, is “committed to the discovery and promotion of enduring works that carry readers across borders and communities.”

Include Me Out by María Sonia Cristoff, translated by Katherine Silver

In Include Me Out, Argentine writer María Sonia Cristoff probes deeply at the idea of female silence. Mara, an interpreter, decides to conduct an experiment on herself: to be silent. She moves to a rural town in Argentina and becomes a museum guard, in order to speak as little as possible; however, it becomes trickier to keep her self-imposed rules when she must help re-embalm two highly-prized museum artifacts.

Two Dollar Radio

Two Dollar Radio, founded in 2005 by a husband-and-wife team, has a mission to “reaffirm the cultural and artistic spirit of the publishing industry” by “presenting bold works of literary merit, each book, individually and collectively, providing a sonic progression that we believe to be too loud to ignore.” 

A History of My Brief Body by Billy-Ray Belcourt

A History of My Brief Body is a genre-bending memoir in essays from Billy-Ray Belcourt, a queer man from the Driftpile Cree Nation and Canada’s first First Nations Rhodes Scholar. Belcourt writes about his identity and sexuality, about family connections that defy colonial brutality, about racism in online dating and medical care, and much more, ultimately calling on readers to imagine what a world without such structures of oppression might be.

Two Lines Press

Run by the Center for the Art of Translation, Two Lines Press is dedicated to “finding dazzling new, overlooked, and underrepresented voices, brought into English by the best translators” and to celebrating the often unsung work of literary translation. They publish both “exceptional new writing and overlooked classics that have not previously been translated into English.” 

Lake Like a Mirror by Ho Sok Fong, translated by Natascha Bruce

Lake Like a Mirror is the first story collection by Malaysian author Ho Sok Fong to appear in English. Her stories follow a dreamlike logic, full of eerie images and otherworldly elegance, and are pointedly political. One tells of women straying from the Muslim faith who are sent by religious authorities to a rehabilitation center—complete with cats yowling at the edges—where one woman walks naked and unimpeded at night, guards unsure how to apprehend her. 

Unnamed Press

The L.A.-based publishing house, founded in 2014, aims to publish both new and established voices that “challenge conventional perspectives while appealing to a broad general audience.” 

A Certain Hunger by Chelsea G. Summers

A satire of foodie-ism and gender norms, A Certain Hunger makes for a delicious—albeit twisted—read. Chelsea Summer’s debut is about an established food critic, Dorothy Daniels, who is passionate about both sex and good food. Dorothy, an unashamedly smart woman who is unafraid to claim that “Power is the ultimate aphrodisiac,” discovers a morbid taste that leads her down a darker path than Michelin-starred restaurants. 

Verso Books

Founded in 1970, Verso is a leading force in independent radical publishing. 

Burn It Down! Feminist Manifestos for the Revolution edited by Breanne Fahs

Burn It Down! Feminist Manifestos for the Revolution edited by Breanne Fahs

Burn It Down! Feminist Manifestos for the Revolution is an inclusive, comprehensive collection, containing over 75 feminist manifestos that span a vast time period, beginning from Sojourner Truth’s speech in 1851 and ending in the present. Editor Breanne Fahs states, “The feminist manifesto is impolite by nature.” These documents are a testament to the lasting power of female rage and the action-filled potential of unabashed female ambition. 

Courtney Maum Thinks the 27th Draft Is Where It Gets Good

In our series “Can Writing Be Taught?” we partner with Catapult to ask their course instructors all our burning questions about the process of teaching writing. This month we’re talking to Courtney Maum, who is leading an independent study on landing yourself a book contract—all the detailed, comprehensive information she includes in her book Before and After the Book Deal, but with exercises and guidance. This class is offered on a rolling basis, so sign up whenever you’re ready to get serious about selling your book.


What’s the best thing you’ve ever gotten out of a writing class or workshop as a student?

At the Wesleyan Writers workshop back in 2010, I took a masterclass with Michelle Hoover who taught us this thing called “The Desire Test.” Five questions that help you determine your characters’ internal conflicts. It changed the way I thought about story building and helped me develop plot. And Alexander Chee told me at the same conference that if you have a cliché in your story, you need to put a funny hat on it and make it dance around.

What’s the worst thing you’ve ever gotten out of a writing class or workshop as a student?

You should think like a writer every day, observe life as a writer. But even those lucky enough to be writing full time don’t write every day.

Anybody who has ever said that you have to write every day to be a writer is not a friend of mine. You should think like a writer every day, observe life as a writer. But even those lucky enough to be writing full time don’t write every day. Life gets in the way, obligations, work, email. If you can write in a solid way three times a week right now, you’re doing more than fine.

What is the lesson or piece of writing advice you return to most as an instructor?

Revision is where the writing actually takes place. That is a lesson I’ve had to learn the hard way, by spending many years thinking I was a first-draft kind of lady, and then realizing that I’m actually a 27th draft kind of gal. Revision is a privilege. Think of actors, when they audition—they usually get one shot. But we’re in a business where we get to hide our mistakes for quite a while.

Does everyone “have a novel in them”?

Probably. But not everyone will be the author of that novel. Some people are meant to share their stories in ways that don’t involve the written page.

Would you ever encourage a student to give up writing? Under what circumstances?

I regularly encourage people to give up the idea that they will make money from writing. That is pretty much the first thing that I tell aspiring writers. I’m very big on having a stream of income that is not dependent on your writing until you have, say, two books out or some kind of established career path. I blame our ingénue obsessed culture with making every writer think that they must make a living off their work, and that a published book is the only way to “make” it. 

What’s more valuable in a workshop, praise or criticism?

I regularly encourage people to give up the idea that they will make money from writing.

Maybe silence. I have complicated feelings about the workshop structure. The problem, as I see it, is that the feedback (positive and negative) is often going toward a recipient who doesn’t yet know what to do with that feedback. And the setting is so public! I think you have to be pretty darn mature to understand what your writing needs.

Should students write with publication in mind? Why or why not?

I think 70% no and 30% yes. Write most of the time like nobody is going to read you, and then once in a while, write for a specific outlet or magazine to keep your game on point.

In one or two sentences, what’s your opinion of these writing maxims?

  • Kill your darlings: Yes, without remorse.
  • Show don’t tell: Show for three paragraphs, tell for one, and keep up this ratio through a book-length project.
  • Write what you know: Write what you know, sure, but always keep learning so that you know a lot about the world. When you don’t know something, research and get in touch with people who do know something about it. Interview people. Get out of your house.
  • Character is plot: Character can be plot if the character has a job and some problem in their life that can not be solved by sitting on the couch and thinking about it for a lot of pages.

What’s the best hobby for writers?

Sewing.

What’s the best workshop snack?

Crispy roasted chickpeas. But you have to bring enough to share.

Why Are We Learning About White America’s Historical Atrocities from TV?

Black Americans have one hell of a story.

It’s a horror story. The 400-year-long exile of Africans in America started with slavery and shifted to slavery-in-all-but-name under private prisons. Meanwhile, blacks have been subjected to a genocide that over the centuries has never relented, only changed in regards to the tools used to kill us. The fact that white Americans would sooner surrender their own civil rights to authoritarians than allow a smidgen of humanity for blacks highlights the cyclical nightmare of anti-blackness. Erasure also figures into the horror story. Not only does the U.S. government enact violence against black people, they use the education system to ensure our story is hidden—both atrocities we have survived and our stories of heroism in battling white supremacy.

Growing up, I knew better than to trust my majority white school to teach me my actual history.

Growing up, I knew better than to trust my majority white school—where I was learning Confederate revisionism about happy slaves though we lived in 1990s Pennsylvania—to teach me my actual history. Instead, I learned the truth about the past and present of white terrorism from my parents, who grew up in the Jim Crow South and had firsthand experience. And I learned by seeking out black culture. Through novels like Beloved, movies like Rosewood, and Afrocentric books I was able to piece together the history of slavery and genocide in America. A terrifying lesson, but it prepared me for life as a black man. It still manages to upset me how little those stories are known to the general public. 

It wasn’t until graduate school that I learned about the 1921 Tulsa Race Riot, now more accurately called the Tulsa Massacre, and this because I was researching Jim Crow pogroms. The information I found online was organized by black scholars from first-person accounts of the survivors, not sanctioned by any mainstream outlet. Thus I took interest in David Lindelof’s HBO series Watchmen, a sequel to Alan Moore’s game-changing 1986 graphic novel, when I learned the story focused around the massacre. 

The pogrom began like many American stories of racial violence—a black man accused of attacking a white woman. When black citizens of Greenwood, many of them World War I veterans, marched to the courthouse to prevent the young man from being lynched, white citizens seized on the excuse to attack Greenwood, known then as Black Wall Street for its many successful businesses. In a move that feels all too familiar for 2020, the National Guard joined with racist vigilantes in an assault on Greenwood that left between 75 to 300 black people dead—reports vary, but, given this is America, we can assume that it was closer to 300. Thousands of black people were displaced, their homes and property destroyed or looted. With a plot based around Tulsa, Watchmen became a touchstone of the 2019 television season and was nominated for 26 Emmys.

Many people I spoke had never heard of the Tulsa Massacre until they’d learned about it from a superhero show.

It is easy to be cynical about Hollywood’s new interest in black history. The Black Lives Matter movement has created opportunities for certain creators to tell their stories now that representation is a bullet point at quarterly shareholder meetings. Corporations are no more “woke” nowadays than when they were selling Elvis records to white teenagers while failing to cite the black artists who originally wrote the songs. In an age where Broadway has to turn the Founding Fathers black to make them seem cool—never mind they waged a revolution in defense of slavery—this could simply mean Hollywood is finally running out of stories to tell about white people. And it is certainly bemusing to find black stories told in the format of prestige television, a genre that has spent twenty years championing white maleness in the form of “antiheroes.” However, beyond cynicism, I was disgusted at how efficiently America has hidden its racial crimes, considering many people I spoke had never heard of Tulsa until they’d learned about it from a superhero show.

Tulsa was far from the only black neighborhood to be razed during Jim Crow. Like similar incidents large and small, it fit the pattern of white men using the “purity” of white women as an excuse for what were in fact economic attacks against upwardly mobile blacks. What makes Tulsa unique is that an atrocity of this scale—the thousand burning buildings, the mass graves—could be thoroughly censored by the U.S. education system, making it the Tiananmen Square of anti-black violence. In erasing the massacre, the government also erased the courage of the black population, who, not long after the invention of the airplane, were shooting back at whites firing on them from the sky.

As expected, the online chatter regarding Watchmen included complaints about introducing “politics” into Moore’s work, these complaints coming from white men who idolized the rightwing vigilantes written by Moore as villains and satirical figures. Moore is an anarchist who sought to deconstruct the fascist subtext in superhero comics, a fact that for decades has been misinterpreted by, well, fascists. Using Watchmen as a jumping-off point for exploring racist atrocity seemed more in line with the graphic novel than the hyper-violent fetishism of Zack Snyder’s inert 2009 film, or the endless nostalgic cash grabs from DC Comics. 

I yearn for a world where someone could present the Tulsa Massacre without sandwiching it in a story about an alternate reality where a giant squid got dropped on New York.

Watchmen is also a weird program. It is a vision of a liberal dystopia where the cops mask up for their own safety from rightwing vigilantes, rather than our world where police collaborate with them. Robert Redford is president and reparations have been made to the victims of Tulsa. It uses Moore’s mythos to explore racism in policing and the idea of vigilantism as black empowerment. However, the very real historical trauma of Tulsa, an event that long went unacknowledged without reparations, is interspersed with scenes of Jeremy Irons comically trying to escape a steampunk prison by torturing and murdering human clones. So weird. It makes me yearn for a world where someone could present the Tulsa Massacre without sandwiching it in a story about an alternate reality where a giant squid got dropped on New York. This very fact highlights how insidiously genocide has been erased in our collective knowledge. 

Lovecraft Country, the adaptation of Matt Ruff’s novel currently in its first season, also illustrates this erasure. The point of the book was to pay homage to the imagery while also critiquing the ideology behind the Lovecraft mythos. It’s a worthy premise. The idea of eldritch abominations with complete cosmic power over humanity loses its horror when put in the context of the black experience, where any mediocre white man can murder you and get away with it. H.P. Lovecraft was an unpleasant hypocrite who served up racism in a glossy sheen of faux-nihilism. “All life is pointless and the universe is cruel,” he would say, then turn around and say, “But these people’s lives are more pointless and we should treat them cruelly.” 

Lovecraft Country is a loving homage to the pulps, each episode referencing tropes from vampires to secret societies to Treasure of the Sierra Madre style adventure serials. I fully expect them to fit some Flash Gordon space opera into the story, and I am here for it. It is deliberately set in the 1950s, a period mythologized as a golden era in American whiteness while grotesque levels of racist violence were occurring; the Emmett Till murder that sparked the Civil Rights Movement happened in the ‘50s. What stands out to me so far in the show is its theme of the black family and reconciliation. Atticus (Jonathan Majors) wishes to become a Magical Negro, and use that magic in his bloodline to keep his family safe. Episode three features a seance that evokes Beloved, in which Leti (Jurnee Smollett) summons the ancestral powers of black spirituality to defeat the kind of antagonistic ghost common in European folklore, and blackness wins. I was especially thrilled in that same episode by a scene of black resistance: when a cross is burned on her lawn, Leti sets about smashing the white men’s cars while black men with shotguns flank her, the closest I’ve seen a mainstream show acknowledge armed black resistance like the Deacons for Defense and Justice.

The show found its way onto the pop cultural radar in the first episode with its most effective moment of horror. The protagonists are attempting to have lunch in a diner when they are attacked by a white lynch mob, and have a car chase out of town with a firetruck in pursuit. It is a terrifying use of the snub-nosed, blood-red fire trucks of old that calls to mind the role of fire departments in enforcing Jim Crow. This breathtakingly tense sequence leads into the final stretch of the episode, when the trio is terrorized by a racist sheriff and his deputies, who are intent on murdering them because they dared to exist as black people in a “sundown town.” As we see these days in Kenosha and Portland (and Minneapolis and Chicago and Baltimore and L.A. and Ferguson and…), police forces have always been active as white nationalist death squads, and Lovecraft Country provides a historical context often ignored.

Frustratingly, this show, like Watchmen, also has to serve as education. Following the premiere, I found much talk online about sundown towns, something that is not taught in American schools. The showrunners seem to be aware that they have the platform to make up for decades of propaganda, as within the scope of four episodes they fit in references to nickel rides, eugenicist experimentation on black subjects, racist hiring practices, rape of slaves, resistance to neighborhood integration, and the looting of colonized peoples among a litany of horrors black people endured and still endure. These efforts, however noble, are also late in the game, and should not be the burden of a horror series on HBO.

The time to teach these lessons was years ago, and in schools instead of on streaming services.

The success of Watchmen and Lovecraft Country highlights the erasure of genocide, and the disastrously belated moment in which America is having its racial reckoning. In 2019, Ava DuVernay’s Netflix series When They See Us provided a long overdue challenge to anti-black bias in the legal system, and it is hard for me not to think about how a certain man called for the execution of the Central Park 5. Maybe it would have been more useful to tell their story while The Apprentice was on the air. Recently a superhero show hinted at a villain being a Neo-Nazi by saying they came from Portland, a reference to Oregon’s Black Exclusion Laws that went over a lot of people’s heads. The time to teach these lessons was years ago, and in schools instead of on streaming services. 

The fact that history is now learned through the commoditized form of media and not presented in daily life has emphasized the intentional blindspot towards anti-black violence, itself proof of the swiftly eroding myth of American Exceptionalism. If another fun pulpy show arises that challenges white supremacy, I would watch it, but it would not make me happy. The concentration camps are already here.

7 Books About the Making and Unmaking of Women Politicians

One of my primary goals in writing Impersonation was to examine the many personae that we adopt in our lives, both in private and public, both in our relationships and in our work. When we encounter others for the first time, what assumptions do we make, and how does this guide our interactions with them?

Impersonation by Heidi Pitlor

Impersonation is the story of a single-mom ghostwriter, Allie Lang, who is hired to write a memoir of motherhood for Lana Breban, a high-powered lawyer and woman’s rights activist. Lana is known for her fierce, no-holds-barred language on social media and her galvanizing feminist stunts that have gone viral. Allie must write a book that will soften Lana’s public image and ideally make her more electable.

It should be news to no one that women politicians are held to absurd standards: one must be intelligent but not intimidatingly so; well-dressed but not showy; warm but not weak. The following books address this issue in myriad ways. The intersection of image-making and gender construction is not a small one. My hope is that someday, we may progress beyond judging politicians by outdated norms of gender, and instead choose candidates based on their abilities, intelligence, and effectiveness. One study showed that women leaders have been the most effective at handling the spread of COVID 19 in their countries. Enough said.

When Women Win: Emily’s List and the Rise of Women in American Politics by Ellen R. Malcolm and Craig Unger

How are women groomed to run for and win campaigns? This fascinating book traces the inception and rise of Emily’s List, an organization whose goal is to help get women, like Elizabeth Warren, elected to public office.

Rodham by Curtis Sittenfeld

Rodham by Curtis Sittenfeld

What if Hillary never married Bill? This absorbing novel offers a kinder alternate reality in which Hillary is given a fair or at least fairer chance at the highest office in our country. What would the world look like from Hillary’s point of view? What would she have thought about her image makers—and about Bill’s?

Becoming

Becoming by Michelle Obama

This has to be one of the best written political memoirs that I’ve read, possibly because it is so personal. On the page, Michelle Obama comes across just as warm, intelligent, and funny as in her public appearances. I have no wisdom about the possibility of a ghostwriter here, but imagine and hope that Michelle herself provided most, if not all of the words here.

Good and Mad: The Revolutionary Power of Women’s Anger by Rebecca Traister

Traister writes:

“This is about the specific nexus of women’s anger and American politics, about how the particular dissatisfactions and resentments of America’s women have often ignited movements for social change and progress.” 

From one of our best writers on women’s rights, an examination of the political potential for women’s anger, “feminine” or not.

Election by Tom Perrotta

I love a good satire, and this is one of the best. Tracy Flick is a cult hero in her own right, willing to do anything to win a student council election. But how others treat her is just as revealing as how she treats them. And in many ways, she gets the last word.

The Firsts - Workman Publishing

The Firsts: The Inside Story of the Women Reshaping Congress by Jennifer Steinhauer

This book offers a behind-the-scenes look at the first year in Congress of “the squad,” or Alexandra Ocasio-Cortez, Ayanna Pressley, Rashida Tlaib, and Ilhan Omar. It provides context and a look at Congress, and the ways that it has become rather ineffective and bogged down in tradition.

The Book of V. by Anna Solomon

Ostensibly a novel about the Jewish holiday, Purim, but in fact, a gorgeous exploration of women near and in power, The Book of V. rages on the page against the overuse of the Madonna and whore archetypes. It is possible to be both Vashti and Esther, after all. Even the disgraced wife of a rising senator in 1970s Washington can rise up against authority and become the narrator of her own story.

The Ugliest Babies in the World

The way we’ve been told, my girl cousins and I were born with broken faces.

“You know ah–,” my grandma says, “–all your mothers were so beautiful, skin no pores hor, and fair like Princess Hang Li Po. But then every single one of you popped out with the ugliest faces we had ever seen.”

Her little bungalow sweats, as though in anticipation. The ceiling fan is on the lowest setting, moving so slow it makes a whining noise, but my grandma shivers. I reach around her thin, sloping shoulders to pull her cardigan tightly around her. My own palms become damp as I clasp them together, steepled under my chin as we – the house and I – prepare for our favorite tale.

First there is Cousin Ah Leng, the oldest of us, who was premature, and came out, the story goes, with only one eye, crusted completely closed.

“Like a cyclops, you know–,” my grandma says, pronouncing it ‘See-Claps,’ “– her eyelid right in the middle of her forehead pressed shut like a vagina fold.”

My grandma says Ah Leng was so hideous when she was born that her mother screamed “I want a new baby!” and snuck into the hospital’s incubator room to try to steal another mother’s baby.

“Grandma, that can’t be true,” I say. “Cousin Ah Leng has two eyes now.”

We are both tired. It has been a day filled with emotional exhaustion, of family members screaming about what to do, and where to put her. The doctor has asked that she stay in the hospital; he even offered to get her a single room. But Ah Leng’s mother, my grandma’s eldest daughter, was adamant that she come home, said our traditions demand my grandma not die in a hospital bed, that she be with family.

“Nonsense! Ah Leng has four eyes!” My grandma cackles, because my cousin has evolved into one of those Cool Asian Girls that I will never be, with an under-shave haircut and huge, horn-rimmed glasses that magnify both her smudgy, kohl-lined eyes.

“Aiyah, sometimes her eyes so bulgy behind the glasses she look like a fly, you know? Must be trying to make up for being born with one eye,” grandma says, every time Ah Leng wafts into a room, smelling like artisanal coffee and spilled fountain pen ink.

Second there is Cousin Ah Hooi, who was born jaundiced – yellow and speckled all over like an overripe starfruit.

“And ah, her parents had to leave her in the hospital under a UV light for a few weeks, but then she got burned, which is why she’s so dark now!” 

Ah Hooi spent her childhood being called, Gelap, which means “dark” in Malay, even as her mother scrubbed the skin of her face raw every day to try to “get to the fairer layers.” Ah Hooi’s mother also covered Ah Hooi in whitening creams that made her body sting, redden, and flake.

“Grandma,” I try to explain, “The UV light didn’t darken her. That’s genetic.”

Before, my grandma would ignore me, usually more preoccupied with the greater issue of Ah Hooi’s marriageability.

“Poor thing you know, no man will want her,” my grandma would groan every time she saw Ah Hooi.

In an exciting twist of fate, Cousin Ah Hooi grew up, changed her name to Venus, moved to Australia, and became a catalog model for a multi-level marketing cosmetics company. My grandma now clips Ah Hooi’s face out of every print catalog that gets delivered via airmail to the house, and with the little bit pension money she saves – money she used to spend on weekly lottery tickets – she makes sure to purchase every item that Ah Hooi models – foundation that is too fair, lipstick that is too pink, blush that is too shimmery.

Third there is Cousin Elaine, the only one with a Christian name because her mother married a white man. There were high hopes for Cousin Elaine because as my grandma said, “Mixed up babies, always pretty!”

Elaine turned out to be a disappointment because she was born with a flat head.

“She was so late to be born that the doctor had to use the forcep to drag her out of her mother–,” grandma would tell as my cervix flinched, “–and the forcep smash down the back of Elaine’s head till it was flat!”

Because of her flat head, Cousin Elaine was forced to only sleep on her stomach, face mashed into the pillow. During the day, Elaine had to wear a special helmet that made her look like a toadstool. Elaine’s flat head did not remedy itself as she grew into toddlerhood, despite the expensive helmets, nonstop herbal soups, and interminable amount of tummy time, so her mother then forced her to maintain waist-length hair to draw focus away from the flat head. Elaine’s hair grew so long that she would accidentally sit on it and pull thick black strands right out of her head, a nest of broken hairs collecting on every surface she sat on.

These days my grandma lives in a nest of her own, cocooned in a bastion of blankets and pillows. Like a chick waiting to be fed, her head pops out and her eyes open wide when someone comes over to visit. In the beginning after her fall, there was an endless stream of visitors, a cacophony of cousins and aunts and uncles and grandchildren all sweating together, backs pressed to the tiled floor to stay cool. Now the visits have grown fewer, the occasional guilty relative flitting in and out like a ghost.

Cousin Elaine’s rebellion was decidedly on the nose.

“Aiya she walks around so shameless with that shaved head!” my grandma complains, when Elaine comes home for Sunday family dinner. Elaine and her girlfriend Josita, whom my grandma adores, have matching close-cropped hair.

And finally, there is me.

“Ah San, you were the ugliest baby of all!”

“How so, grandma?” I ask, knowing the story by heart.

“When you came out of your mother, your skin was blue, like that Hindu god, what’s it called?”

“Vishnu?”

“Ya, ya, Vishnu. And your eyes wouldn’t open, and your skin was cold, and your face was all mashed together like someone punch you in the womb.”

“And then what happened?”

“And then we waited and waited and waited and waited…”

“So, you waited, grandma?”

“Ya, ya, we waited but still you didn’t cry. And the doctor said, this baby is dead.”

My grandma starts feeling tired and begins to lean on me. Her little house, the one I spent many after-school hours in, playing with Ah Leng, Ah Hooi, and Elaine, swelters in the mid-afternoon heat, its breath held before the tropical evening storms. I knead her arms through her fluttering cotton blouse and stiffen my fingers against her back, feeling the puzzle of bones in her spine. I steady her so she can finish her story.

“They only allowed your parents in the delivery room, but I knew something was wrong, so I rushed in, and then I saw you! I picked you up, your little mashed blue body, and I slapped you across the face! I shouted, “It’s time to wake up!”

“Grandma, no! You slapped a newborn baby?”

“Ya lah, lucky I did, because… Poof! You started crying and screaming so loud, louder than any baby I ever heard. Then everyone started crying, your mother, and your father, and even the doctor. But I didn’t cry.”

“And then what happened?”

“Wah, then you bite me!”

“Grandma how could I have bitten you? I was a newborn. I didn’t have teeth!”

But this is where she always ignores me and jumps straight to my favorite part of the story. She straightens herself, pulls her shoulders back as if to summon as much volume as she can from her diaphragm, filling out her yellow cardigan with the strength of her upcoming punchline.

“Ah San, that’s why we named you 珊.”

I let the air fill with a pause before my next question. She relishes her victorious ascent to the story’s peak.

“But what does 珊 mean, grandma?”

“Aiyah you know what it means! It means “coral,” because coral is so hard and tough. It stays very still, seems like it’s dead in the ocean. But once someone kicks it, you will know it’s alive because ah, it will bite you. Painful you know! Tough like you!”

My grandma is exhausted by this point. She breathes slowly, and the house falls quiet, its creaks subsiding as if to respect its owner’s fatigue. I fluff up her pillows behind her, pillows my cousins and I used to fling at each other when we fought. I pull the thin Smurfs blanket over her body, the one I used to demand whenever I was sick or sad. I kiss her papery cheek, blue veins creeping across cheekbones, smell the sour milk in her breath, the coconut oil in her permed white hair.

As she drifts off to sleep, my grandma says, “Ah San, you were the most beautiful ugly baby in the world.”

Tomorrow, I will return to this humid house. I will fluff up her pillows, tuck in her Smurfs blanket, and hold my post by the bed. I will ask her to tell me the story again.

A Mother and Son Scam Their Way Into the American Dream

Maxima in the dark. Half-lit by a Virgin Mary night-light and the glow of a screen saver, a slow-motion sweep of stars and planets—Jupiter, Saturn, Earth. Dressed in denim cutoffs and a Mickey Mouse tee, she doesn’t shiver, despite her wide-open bedroom window and the cold night beyond. She sits at the foot of her bed, cleaning her nails with the tip of a switchblade. “May bakas ka bang nakikita sa aking mukha?” she sings. “Masdan mo ang aking mata.” Like all her favorite Filipino love songs, this one is about heartbreak.

Prologues like the one that opens Lysley Tenorio’s The Son of Good Fortune don’t come by often: in tender, vivid strokes, it introduces us to Maxima Maxino, former Pinay B-movie action star, survivor, and undocumented immigrant mother to the book’s protagonist—its eponymous son, Excel, also undocumented. 

The adventures these two will undertake, both together and separately—from scamming older white men on the Internet, to arguing with crusty middle-class Filipinx academics, to escaping for dusty off-the-grid towns like Hello City—make The Son of Good Fortune a new kind of Western: an enormously big-hearted and distinctly 21st-century story about just who defines our “outlaws,” and what contemporary America looks and sounds like from the margins.  

At the end of our interview, Tenorio mentioned the peculiar reality of publishing a novel during the COVID-19 pandemic: “It’s just really bad timing,” he said wryly.  I said, “There’s never bad timing for a good book.”


Elaine Castillo: This is going to be one of those questions that starts off as a comment—the dreaded Question as Comment—I’m that white dude in the audience. For book research, I’ve been in this phase of reading books by white authors that mentioned Filipino characters, so I’ve re-read both J.M. Coetzee’s Diary of a Bad Year and Philip Lopate’s The Stoic’s Marriage, and it’s…interesting: both of them are about white dudes being scammed by Filipina women, in a way that—

Lysley Tenorio: Whoa!

EC: Yeah, exactly. In a way that isn’t in any way, really, interested in the interiority of those characters. The Coetzee does a little bit better, but still, the narrative is not in service to that character. And when I was reading those books, I kept thinking: well, I want to read the book about this supposed Filipina scammer. I want to read the book that’s from the perspective of this supposed Filipina scammer. And when I started to read The Son of Good Fortune, which, I mean, that prologue—hello, welcome to a book! What I realized, without knowing what I was walking into, was that this was that book. This was the book that was about that perspective. 

So I just wanted to ask: how did Maxima, her son Excel, how did these characters come to you? How did that world appear to you? Especially a character like Maxima—I mean, I think for most of us in the diaspora, many of us either know this character or are on the way to becoming her.

LT: Well, originally, this novel was about DVD pirates trying to assassinate DVD-sniffing dogs. Based on a true story! In the Philippines and Southeast Asia, there are these dogs that were sort of famous for taking down the DVD piracy underworld, so there was a bounty on these dogs’ heads. So the character that was Excel in the earlier version was this aspiring dog assassin. It was fun to write, and there was a mother who kept appearing in flashbacks—the mother was actually deceased—and as I worked on the book, I realized the most important relationship, and really the most important characters, were this mother and son.  

And once I realized, okay, I need to invest in this relationship and figure out the story around this relationship, I knew that I wanted to have a strong woman figure be at the center or near the center of the book.  I knew she would be emotionally and psychologically strong—and I think we see that a lot in a lot of immigrant stories, where you sort of have this fiercely strong but also kind of reserved immigrant mother. I wanted that strength to really be externalized, that she be physically formidable [Maxima’s background as a Pinay B-movie action star has left her with considerable fighting skills]; that she be cunning, that she do whatever it takes to make the most of her life.  

I’d also been researching these online scams—one website had called it the Filipina Marriage Scam—and I thought, what if Maxima was a scam artist?  I was a little hesitant at first about writing an undocumented character who was involved in unethical dealings, right, but, at the same time, I just want to make her an interesting, complicated character—someone who’s willing to do even unsavory things in order to provide her son with a life, and try to fulfill her own life as best as she can.

EC: We have this sort of stereotypical image of immigrants and particularly undocumented immigrants, that there has to be this pose of the perfect, grateful immigrant. This pushes against that.

LT: Yes. And I think that was a conscious decision as I moved forward with the book. One of the things I wanted to address in the book—but I didn’t want to overstate it—was that those who are here, those who are born in the States or are documented, American citizens, they have the luxury and the privilege to aspire to mediocrity; they can aspire to just live their lives in peace and be left alone.  

I didn’t want these undocumented characters to be these, like, Nobel-winning scientists in the making. I think all Excel really wants is to be able to walk down the street and not worry. To just have a job, pay his rent. I think Maxima wants more than that, but I think that’s all Excel really wants. And I wanted to write a character who—not that he doesn’t aspire to things or has no vision, but he’s wanting a very basic privilege that so many of us have.

EC: Because it’s such a specific portrait of Colma, and the West Coast, and the Bay Area, when I was reading the book, I also had the impression that I was reading this fantastic contemporary Western, especially with the introduction of Hello City [the off-the-grid town where Excel escapes to for much of the book]. We have this frontier myth of Outlaws and—look, in lockdown time, I’ve been playing a lot of Red Dead Redemption II so outlaw myths are very much on my mind now, anyway. But what I felt when I was reading your descriptions of Hello City and this Western town on the margins, was that this felt like a new way of writing a Western; writing about so-called “outlaws.” Was that in your conceptualizing of Hello City? How did you come to start writing about Hello City into the rest of the narrative?

LT: As I progressed in the novel, I did start thinking of Hello City as a kind of frontier—this kind of untamed landscape where one goes for rebirth or reinvention. For Excel, it’s a place where—at least he believes, anyway—that he can be free. But of course, we realize that it’s still a form of hiding, to be in Hello City. But I did see it as a kind of frontier landscape.  

American citizens, they have the luxury and the privilege to aspire to mediocrity.

But it was actually based on an off-the-grid city in the desert in Southern California called Slab City. So, a lot of research, a lot of YouTube videos.  Slab City was, I believe, a former military base, or it had been intended to be a military base but it was abandoned, and what was left behind were these concrete slabs.  

I kind of tweaked that and thought, what if it’s just these helipads with H all over them, so you have this whole landscape dotted with the letter H. And I just thought, what could H mean? So once I started playing with this idea of H—hello, home, hiding, here—Hello City came to me a little more clearly.

EC: Well, it’s interesting, you talking about this linguistic echo with the letter H, hello and hiding, because another thing I found moving in the book was how you use language. It’s a reversal, in a way, of the kind of typical use of non-English words in American literature. I think a lot times, we’ll use—I myself use Filipinx languages, I’ll use Tagalog, Pangasinan, and Ilocano, sometimes without translation, sometimes with translation in context, and that’s kind of the customary way that diasporic writers do this, and you do that as well, but there’s something else you do in the book.  

It starts in the beginning of the book: you’ll write what looks like an English phrase, and it is, but to a Tagalog-speaking reader, they’ll hear the kind of Filipino language that’s buried and embedded in that English. So there’s an early description of Excel being “hiding and hiding.” To an English reader, they might go, “Okay, hiding and hiding,” dramatic effect, but to a Tagalog-speaking reader, I immediately heard “tago ng tago” [literally translated as hiding and hiding, but also the Tagalog phrase for undocumented people, also abbreviated as TNT].  

It’s a way that I haven’t seen before, of not just writing in other languages, but in understanding the different Englishes that we all operate within. At some point the book describes “unpayable debts”: of course, a Tagalog speaker would hear utang na loob. It’s almost as if you create this kind of ghostly, sort of spectral echo to the English, within English, and also posits this idea that there isn’t only one English, you know—that “English” is also multiple types of diasporic English, itself. I found it inspirational. How did that landscape, that use of language—that soundscape, even historyscape—how did you come to it in the book?

LT: I like your use of the word soundscape, I think that makes a lot of sense.  Because—I mean you know this—as Filipino writers, when we want to put in Tagalog in our work, we don’t want to have to accommodate a reader. It just doesn’t feel right: you sort of break the dream and you slip away from the consciousness of the narrative. At the same time, you hope that a lot of the readers can still keep up, somehow; so sometimes you provide context clues, sometimes you don’t… With the Tagalog, I just figured, they’ll get it or they won’t get it, if I can put in a context clue that’s organic to the moment, I’ll do it, otherwise they’re on their own.  

As Filipino writers, when we want to put in Tagalog in our work, we don’t want to have to accommodate a reader.

But this idea of the English within English, that is something I really had to think about in terms of people like Maxima speaking to other people like Maxima. So what it really was this idea of just closing my eyes and imagining these conversations in a Filipino household: what kind of English would pop out, what are the particular idiosyncrasies of their English, and how do I transcribe that in a way that captures that Filipino English, if that makes sense? In that sense, I kind of just crossed my fingers and did my best to transcribe, hoping that some readers—like you—might pick up on it, and I’m happy to hear that you did.  

With non-Filipino readers, they might not pick up on that nuance, but hopefully they can at least find it particular to a voice.  So in terms of how I did it, I think it was just a matter of closing my eyes and thinking about Filipino moms we grew up with, family we grew up with, sometimes it was just as simple as that—but really trusting in that moment, this idea of transcription.

EC: The dialogue does feel so lively throughout the book—you do feel like you’re overhearing people’s conversations, as opposed to conversations that seem designed for [a reader’s] kind of comfort and understanding, which a lot of fiction that seeks to translate non-English speech for, essentially, a white audience, can sound like.

LT: Yeah, yeah—I also didn’t italicize, I didn’t want italics in the book for the Tagalog. That was really important to me, not to italicize.

EC: —mm, this refusal to italicize, this refusal to mark as Other Tagalog speech or words for people who are living here, in America. That language is part of the American landscape, and the American linguistic landscape.

LT: Absolutely.

EC: You were talking about what Maxima sounds like talking to other people, and of course it brings to mind Roxy [Maxima’s best friend, a trans woman], the person that she’s often talking to the most.

Obviously, reading this as a bi reader—LGBTQ people have always been a huge part of our community and our diaspora, and you have always written about that.  I do remember that there’s a short story in Monstress, “The Brothers.” It’s a very difficult story about a cis brother dealing with the death of his trans sibling. And it’s a story in which he does misgender her and deadname her repeatedly. And it does also end with a violent act of trans erasure by the mom, upon the sibling’s body.  

It’s painful to read.  It’s also profoundly realistic—I’ve definitely had to confront cis dude family members who would misgender and deadname trans Filipinx public figures and trans friends. How did this commitment to portraying queer and trans character in your fiction, how has that evolved from Monstress to now—or has it—and what does it mean to you write about these characters?

LT: Right. You know, “The Brothers” was written a long time ago. I think it was published in 2006, but really I wrote it in like 2002, so—at least in my memory at that time—the idea of deadnaming, I didn’t even know that time. So in recent years when I’ve given readings, I’ve been asked about why would I write about trans issues or a trans character, and there’s deadnaming going on in the story—and I do try to make clear that it comes from the maybe-unrealized transphobia on the part of the narrator.

I don’t know that ‘The Brothers’ is the kind of story I would write now.

Nonetheless, I do understand that it’s a very difficult read, especially now.  But I did want Roxy to be a trans character because I wanted some kind of stability in the life of Maxima and Excel, and for the idea of stability and normalcy to come in the form of a trans Filipina character… She kind of lives the better life, “the good life,” if you want to say—they go to her for help, and I like this idea that, you know—I try to make my work inclusive, and I wanted to include a trans character because it just—it felt right for their story. But I also understand that it’s such a different climate now that I didn’t want to overstep the lines this time around with the trans character in the way that I think some readers have felt I overstepped with “The Brothers.” So I try to be mindful of the impact that my characters—whatever groups or identities they represent—I do try to be more mindful about it.  

Roxy, in some ways, was a character inspired by my own life. Growing up, —you know Filipinos are known for being super social and for having tons of family—but for some reason, we didn’t have a lot of family friends! I don’t know why. But one of the people that did come visit, not often, but at least recurrently, was a trans woman—we didn’t call her trans at the time—a trans friend who would do our hair. And every time she was over, it was like, oh, we have company. And it just felt like—it made me feel normal.  Like, oh, just like all my other Filipino friends, we have company coming over. And I thought, what if that was the case for Maxima and Excel? So that’s how Roxy came about. 

EC: Roxy as the stabilizing figure pushes back against some of the narratives around trans characters [written by cis authors], which are often overwhelmingly about trans death and trauma; I remember this book that I used to love, Banana Yoshimoto’s Kitchen, and I read it when I was maybe thirteen or fourteen. And it was one of the first books that I ever read that had a trans character in it—but looking back at it, that trans character in the book is ultimately killed off in the story [and her death is one of the central tragedies upon which the novel is founded, centering a developing cis hetero relationship]. The spectacle of trans trauma and death as it’s trafficked by cis writers is all-too-common. So the idea of Roxy being this normalizing figure in Maxima and Excel’s lives makes sense—why wouldn’t she be? The concept of trans people not being “normal” is obviously part of transphobia.

When I read the Roxy character, she reminded me of one of my godparents, who—the tricky thing about being in diaspora, is that the epithets are not necessarily the ones that the people themselves might use, just because English is not necessarily their language for self-expression—so this godparent was someone who would probably most closely identify as genderqueer. Queer and trans and nonbinary and gender-nonconforming people have always been an enormous part of what’s often thought of (and of course, still is) a heteropatriarchal Catholic culture; to not show these facets is to not really see the community.

LT: Yeah. I don’t know that [“The Brothers”] is the kind of story I would write now.

EC: It’s good to confront, I think, though—to confront and face—to be able to look back at the work that we wrote, or read, or valued back then; important for our ability to be present in the world now.

LT: It’s evolved, for sure.

EC: I also wanted to know a little bit about genre in the book. There are a lot of mentions of anime and comic books—lots of Filipinx kids grew up on anime, certainly I did—as well as the nod to the Western genre: what were the extra-literary influences that sort of made up the book?

LT: I was definitely thinking about those ‘80s and even ‘90s Filipino action films that sometimes I’d catch glimpses of if I was in a turo-turo joint or on YouTube: it’s the over-the-top-ness, the campiness—that’s just something I’m drawn to in general.  

What I’m drawn to with camp, or anything that might seem like camp, is that I love the challenge of taking something that’s mean to be [un]serious, and giving it real emotional weight. So that when Excel, who’s just been beat up by his boss, sees an old movie of his mother’s where she’s climbing out of the rubble after an earthquake hits, he realizes, This is so cheesy, but he’s also in that moment thinking: She’s a tough woman. So I’m drawn to these things that might be seen as lowbrow or low culture and trying to find something emotionally substantial in those things.

Comic books, I grew up with—comic books definitely informed my sense of drama, and hopefully the visual; I try to be a visual writer.  So I think those two things really informed not just the book but my writing sensibility.  

I tend to overwrite early on, and I go for big drama and melodramatic dialogue, because I always tell my students: When you’re drafting, just go for broke. Be as over the top as you need to be because you’ll always pull back. So that exchange of dialogue that might seem snatched out of that 80s primetime soap Dynastyso over the top—if you get that on the page, you can find little dramatic moments. You just tame them, and you find little nuances. So these big broad strokes of drama that I so enjoyed as a kid, whether they come from TV or comic books or movies, have in many ways taught me how to write.

EC:  I think that’s so apparent in the book, especially in that one scene, when Maxima confronts these academics who are speaking really patronizingly about her life’s work—this work that means absolutely everything to her, and which she does not see with this kind of detached irony.   So much of the book, its moral conviction, is about pushing back against that detached irony; going right into feeling.

LT: Yeah. And that to me feels very Filipino. When you’re in the Philippines and you still hear taxis still playing Air Supply or the Carpenters, I mean, that’s meaningful stuff. That’s not kitsch, you know. And even though I didn’t grow up there, I can still feel the emotion of that. I mean, if I’ve had a few martinis and I’m alone in my office, I’m playing the Carpenters. Karen Carpenter singing to me—we can laugh at it, from a more American perspective, but I remember how meaningful those songs were, especially when we were new to the country, and English was not the primary language in the household. How can that be cheese?

How Playing “Myst” Taught Me to Write Fiction

In the 1990s I was a lonely, nerdy girl writer. Nobody else I knew was simultaneously obsessed with learning HTML and parsing the sentences of F. Scott Fitzgerald. This meant I spent a lot of time alone, curled in my chair reading—but I spent nearly as many hours clicking and tapping on my mother’s beige, boxy computer, playing computer games. I liked puzzle games, and the bigger the world to explore, the better. In particular, I was a fan of Cyan’s original island-linking puzzler, Myst. For those growing up in the ‘90s, just discovering the engrossing world of first-person computer games, Myst and its sequel, Riven, are a touchstone. The pop culture we absorb and obsess over has a funny way of shaping us when we’re not noticing. I can only see a couple of decades out how Myst and Riven drove my own fixation on negative space in narrative, and showed me how it’s possible to tell a story in an empty room.

Myst and Riven were revolutionary games for their time, and are still cult favorites today. Unlike the fast-moving, pixelly platformers of this era, Myst and Riven relied almost entirely on clicking through still images of painstakingly drawn natural environments, making the most of limited ‘90s computer processors. You move through a static world, like flipping through one matte painting after another. You open steam valves and record musical note codes and collect keys. You don’t know what might be significant to solve a different puzzle elsewhere on the island, and so you keep a notebook open by your keyboard, and scribble down strange symbols carved on the walls, or the number five popping up in odd places. Beneath the codes and puzzles and labyrinths is a surprisingly complex story, full of patricide, family rivalries, colonialism and Apocalypse Now-like riffs on Godhood and exploitation. In Riven, a mad genius capable of designing worlds through the writing of books has been exiled in one of his own worlds by his son, who believes him twisted with power. But the father has turned the local inhabitants of the world into his slaves, posing as a god of the realm, and is exploiting them through fear and violence. It’s your job to enter the dangerous, unstable world he’s running and trap him, helping the rebels wall him off in a different book that is secretly a prison.

It was a kind of playground for wandering, for putting together the clues of who had once lived here and what stories they had left behind.

Whenever I decided to pop one of the five Riven CD’s into my mom’s CD-ROM drive and start up a game that seemed to have no ending, I’d fall into an intense, quiet, and focused state. My mother’s little office darkened and quieted around me when the fuzzy blue-gray graphics of the Cyan logo resolved itself. The setting was a sunny, semi-tropical world that seemed only recently abandoned, strewn with the debris of a hastily departed people. It was a kind of playground for wandering, for putting together the clues of who had once lived here and what stories they had left behind. The quiet, contemplative mindset I could find when I leaned close to the bright computer screen, ruining my eyes, moving image by image through the deserted world felt like meditation. It also felt like the kind of focused, curious, imaginative journey that I went on when I was trying to write stories of my own, solving the puzzles of sentences, writing with half creation, half discovery. 

The makers of Riven and other games of the era were fighting a constant and cleverly-waged war against the limitations of hard drive and RAM space; while CDs could hold an astonishing amount of data compared to previous disks, the speed and processing power of personal computers at the time kept most of the images static and the worlds tightly contained. Like Main Street in the movie Pleasantville, which loops right back onto itself after a few blocks, the worlds of ‘90s computer games had to come up against walls, or cleverly loop on themselves to give the illusion of space. In Riven, the island motif worked because you could plausibly be trapped on these small land masses, surrounded by perfect cyan-blue seas. The gimmick of Riven— that these island worlds were in fact, written creations by a madman master creator, bound by his own imaginative limits — suited the limitations of their technology well. 

The puzzles of Riven were legendarily fiendish. While Myst was solvable, given enough time and diligence, some of the puzzles in Riven were outlandishly obscure. An example: you had to find where a dome-shaped stone was located on each of five islands, then compare it to a hidden topographical map of the islands, then place colored marbles precisely on a 50×50 grid representing the domes. Spin a revolving chamber five times and nothing would happen—but spin it back once and you’d find a hidden door. Remember to extend a walkway when you were on the near side of a bridge, because an hour later on another island, you wouldn’t be able to make it back. Boil water in a chamber to make a floor panel rise, then drain the water, then lower the panel again, and you’d find a secret ladder. Colors were linked with animals in an exact order. Doors hid other doors. Throwing a hidden switch would result in turning off a fan you encountered hours later, enabling you to climb through an air duct. If you pushed a button that appeared to do nothing at the very beginning of the game, you’d be able to finish; if you pushed it fruitlessly an even number of times, it would do nothing at the end, and you’d be unable to win. Rotating chambers with shifting doorways, and locked prisons with sound pattern codes, confounded my ten-year-old brain. I never finished the game on my own power. I had to resort to cycling through the few intriguing zones I could reach, somehow soothed by the realistic lapping water and the cranks and pulleys and levers I could turn off and on again, not knowing their effect.

I sought it not just as a game to play, but a full-body experience.

Years later, I finally bought a guide book to the game, blew the dust off the CDs (they remarkably still worked), and played all the way through, following the walkthrough as the book guided me. It was exhilarating to finally see how the puzzles worked, and to open new rooms I had not noticed, but it was also disappointing, as it always is when you’re given the answer to a riddle or the secret behind a magic trick. Still, the pleasure of returning to that world was intense. My nostalgia for the experience of playing Riven is wrapped up in the sensory experience of sliding the CDs into that fragile ejecting tray; listening to the hum and whir of the CD starting up; the fact that you had to switch CDs every time you arrived on a new island, one of five, and the buggy way the computer would jerk and freeze as it labored to load a video clip. I liked to imagine myself into the jumpy digital rooms and islands and underground tunnels. I pretended I was an explorer really visiting these places. When characters spoke to me, saying, “You must have come to help us,” I took my role seriously. The experience of immersion, which I talk to my creative writing students about, can be achieved with such paltry tricks: a stranger who seems to know you, or an entreaty, a riddle begging to be solved. An open door, with a light on in the room beyond; a winding pathway through the trees. There were other islands on the horizon of the game, and locked doors I couldn’t enter, and it made me want to visit the world again and again. I sought it not just as a game to play, but a full-body experience, a deep, entrancing pleasure to place myself in another person’s puzzle.

The idea of traveling through an uninhabited world, deciphering its clues, has since been explored in many games, from the clearly Myst-inspired puzzler The Witness to the poignant coming-out story in an empty house suggested by Gone Home and the solitary, woodsy wanderings of Firewatch, where you’re stationed at a forest watch tower. In these games, you discover the rules of a world by traveling through empty rooms, picking up objects, reading through the scattered notes left on a desk, discovering the signs of struggle or heartbreak in mementoes stashed under a bed. NPCs (non-player characters) speak enigmatically of the events that happened before you arrived; it’s up to you to piece together what has happened here.

The anonymous nature of the first person gameplay lets you step into the world and imagine the hypotheticals.

You’re a cipher, an invisible first-person observer with all the possibilities of a fictional character but none of the locked-in personality. The anonymous nature of the first person gameplay lets you step into the world and imagine the hypotheticals, making choices and focusing on what carefully laid details you find intriguing. In Gone Home, there’s a sense of dread as you poke through the dark corridors and abandoned rooms of your family’s home; you keep expecting a zombie to jump out or a ghost to drift by. But instead, through the discovery of journal entries and bus tickets, you realize your family is in the middle of a quiet crisis. Your younger sister has come out to your parents, and in their cold reception to the news, she’s decided to run away. By putting the first person observer right in the middle of this drama, gamers are encouraged to empathize with a problem and a character rarely depicted in the world of video games. The problem is yours. It’s up to you how to feel about it, but you’ll have to live in the world for a little while and experience it as your own.

I didn’t always manage to finish these games on my own steam, but it didn’t really matter; the pleasure is in the exploration, not the win. You’re yourself, stepping through a looking-glass.

Sometimes, characters you might encounter later will know who you are, and pull you into their schemes. In others, you’re anyone and no one, and your job is to witness and discover, and eventually draw your own conclusions of sympathy and allegiance. In Riven, you learn a code by stumbling into a schoolhouse and playing a children’s hangman’s game, turning a crank and watching a toy figure dangle over a shark and lower itself a certain number of clicks for each turn. Then you put two and two together, and realize the children’s game is a replica of the strange gallows structure you’ve been circling outside, and that people are being executed on the island using just this method. No one tells you what to think or how to feel. The story is all suggestion and silence.

This process of discovery through negative space, through unanswered questions and objects that speak, has had a powerful effect on my own writing. I’ve written many stories that involved people passing through empty rooms, sorting through objects left behind, hovering in doorways or leaning in on the edges of conversations, trying to divine the secrets of the people who are living their lives just out of the story’s frame. I—and my characters—are fascinated by the clues and hints and misdirections that suggest conflict, desire, a life being lived in privacy. My favorite fiction offers lives up to the reader in glimpses.

We are detectives, prowling around the edges of each others’ lives.

There’s an ethical and political dimension to spying and eavesdropping, picking up the story through suggestions and clues, that I only picked up on when I revisited Riven this year. When we try to inhabit the lives of other characters, the process is necessarily incomplete; we can’t perfectly slip into the experience of others, and must acknowledge the partial, fragmentary nature of our disappearing. Authors know this. In the recent furious arguments in lit circles about appropriation, #ownvoices, or the difficult question of who is entitled to tell whose story, that problem is beating at the center of every debate. Ultimately I think suggestion and limitation might be the only way to honestly show the experience of others—to acknowledge that we are detectives, prowling around the edges of each others’ lives.

Playing Riven, I used to perch on the  edge of my mother’s computer chair and crane into the screen as though I could see deeper into the corners of the digital rooms, looking for easter egg details left, lovingly, by the game’s creators. I felt myself entering a trance of discovery. Surely there were more secrets—locked rooms and hidden basement stairs, pathways through the cricket-keening forest, other houses that would open to my knock. I spent so many hours of my childhood in this quiet, thrilling discovery mode. The games were not at all the flashing lights and shoot-em-ups that non-gamers sometimes imagine. They were an escape, a place to explore the boundaries of a fictional world, a daydream.

The disappointment of a computer game is ultimately its finite nature; with its limitations of how much data can fit on five CD-ROMS, only so much world could exist. Every gamer has encountered and pushed up against those invisible walls in the edges of a game: arcade players of Donkey Kong striving for the kill screen, or players of Mario or Zelda leaping into the voids surrounding their colorful land masses, or running into blank barriers of pixels, hoping for a moment that they might punch through to the other side of the universe, and see it continue on. The land beyond those digital boundaries is mysterious, intriguing, no-space.

As a young writer, I returned to the game, and still return to games like it as an adult, old and anxious with a baby of my own to care for during a pandemic. I’m temporarily soothed by the balm of digital immersion. The quiet thrill of fiction—and game life— is to get a glimpse into a world that exists without you, and yet allows you to enter and participate, like a virtual trip through the spaces that we’re now prevented from entering. I can imagine games being created during this quarantine period — quiet walks through a grocery store, jostling among crowds at a concert or stadium, riding a train. We’re seeking an escape into normal life as an exotic luxury now. I can imagine scores of lonely people settling into the screen-lit darkness of their living rooms, playing virtual lives, exploring normalcy, living its forgotten pleasures.