7 Literary Attractions Across America

There is nothing quite like the feeling of retracing the steps of your favorite authors. This might be Baker Street, home to Arthur Conan Doyle’s famous detective, or the Upper West Side of The Catcher in the Rye. Even though the writers you love may be gone, their sources of inspiration live on through museums and the towns and cities they lived in. We polled Electric Lit’s Twitter and Facebook followers about their favorite literary attractions across the U.S to put together this list. Whether it’s the home of a well-known writer or just a place to kick back and indulge in an abundance of written word, these attractions are must-sees for any book lover.

Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC

In 1889, Emily and Henry Folger — both huge fans of Shakespeare — began amassing what would later become the largest collection of Shakespearean books, manuscripts, and art in the world. It was their belief that Shakespeare as a poet was instrumental to the development of American spirit and thought, so in 1932 they donated the entirety of their massive library to the American people. Located in the nation’s capital, the Folger Shakespeare Library is open to the public, receiving over one million visitors a year. More than just a library, the Folger devotes itself to preservation, accessibility, and appreciation for early modern and Renaissance works through numerous events they hold year round. With theater performances, screenings, book launches, workshops, and talks, there is no better place in America to explore 17th-century literature.

Washington Irving’s Sleepy Hollow, NY

Already a must-see destination for fans of spooky stories, the hometown of Irving’s infamous Headless Horseman eagerly welcomes visitors. Landmarks and plaques appear all over Tarrytown and Sleepy Hollow itself. From the “marshy and thickly-wooded glen” to the Old Dutch Church where Schoolmaster Ichabod Crane flees the pursuing Horseman, myth trackers and history buffs alike can experience the grains of truth sprinkled within the much-loved legend. Of course there is something for writers too. In a joint project between the town and the Hudson Valley Writers’ Center, winners of a poetry competition had the chance to embedding their poems in concrete, turning the sidewalks into works of poetry.

Photo by Albretch Conz

The Poe Museum, Richmond, VA

Calling all Edgar Allan Poe groupies, if you haven’t been to the Poe Museum yet, are you really true fans? Established in 1906, this museum houses the most comprehensive collection of Poe artifacts and memorabilia in the world from the author’s old clothes to a lock of his hair. With numerous programs for researchers, scholars, and students, a visit to this museum’s Enchanted Garden and Poe Shrine is a must for anyone who wants a deeper insight into the life of one of America’s most influential writer.

Photo by Wikipedia

New Bedford Whaling Museum, New Bedford, MA

As the name implies, the New Bedford Whaling Museum is a tribute to whaling and maritime culture, which may not seem all that interesting from a literary perspective except for a certain 19th century writer and his interest in great white whales: Herman Melville. In conjunction with the Melville Society, the new Bedford Whaling Museum works with the Melville Society Cultural Project (MSCP), a group of scholars whose mission is to collect artistic and scholarly text to add to the Society’s Melville archives.

Photo by the Ernest Hemingway Foundation of Oak Park

Hemingway’s Boyhood Home, Oak Park, IL

Located in Oak Park, Illinois, is the home where Ernest Hemingway was born and grew up. First constructed in the 1890s and restored back in 1992, this Victorian house transports its visitors into the childhood of the writer. Managed by the Ernest Hemingway Foundation of Oak Park, this museum is part of their effort to preserve knowledge of Hemingway’s origin and impact on literature. With performances, cocktail evenings, and galas hosted regularly and open to visitors, Hemingway’s boyhood home is still very much a hotspot for the arts.

Photo by Bart Everson

Emily Dickinson Museum, Amherst, MA

Nestled in the college town of Amherst, Massachusetts, the Emily Dickinson museum is comprised of two 19th- and early 20th-century residences: The Homestead, birthplace and home of Emily Dickinson, and The Evergreens where her brother and his family resided. Now owned by Amherst College, the museum conducts guided tours and outreach programs for the public. Aside from museums, visitors can visit Emily Dickinson’s grave, look at the Dickinson Collection in the Jones Library, and browse through Dickinson’s manuscripts in the archives of Amherst College.

Photo by Diliff

The Rose Reading Room, New York City, NY

Though not the birthplace of any famous writers, the Rose Reading Room in the New York Public Library deserves a spot on this list for its iconic Beaux-Arts architecture. Closed back in 2014 when a portion of the upper wall decoration came crashing down (at night, so nobody was hurt!), the Rose Reading Room had been closed for two and a half years before a grand re-opening in 2016. With a fresh coat of paint and new display cases, this 12 million dollar renovation is worth every cent. The reading room has the same hours as the main library for those seeking a quiet place to read and offers daily tours for visitors more interested in the architecture and history of the library.

What If Someone Else Writes a Book Exactly Like Mine Before I Get a Chance?

The Blunt Instrument is an advice column for writers. If you need tough advice for a writing problem, send your question to blunt@electricliterature.com.

Dear Blunt Instrument,

I’m a creative writing graduate student nearing the end of my program, and have been working on my manuscript for about 5 years. I’ve gotten pretty good feedback on it from my advisor and classmates, have published some small selections in literary journals, and even received a few emails from agents. Though pushing through the last bit of revision has been incredibly difficult, I was so happy to be nearing the end, finally beginning to feel satisfied with the work and what it was saying, and excited to begin querying for real.

Then, I clicked a link about upcoming titles and found a book so similar to mine that it felt like the floor dropped out from under me. I’m not talking about basic similarities here, as in “Oh no, this person also wrote and published a story collection about a women’s rugby team.” It’s more along the lines of “Oh no, this person also wrote and published a story collection about a women’s college rugby team that includes murder and time travel and the occasional ghost.” The more I read about this other book, the worse it got. Knowing this, I think it would be exceedingly difficult to pitch my book to an agent, or to place it in a small press book contest, especially since this other book is available now and undoubtedly it’ll seem like I’ve copied the concept, form, material — everything. How many story cycles about women’s college rugby teams coming of age, committing murder, and traveling through time does the world really need?

My writer friends have remained firmly on the encouraging side, insisting that it’s my voice that matters and there’s still hope for my book. I love my friends and feel like they’re mostly trying to motivate me through the end of my degree, especially since I had to take time off for personal reasons. But I think my book is dead. Of course I know that even if this other book didn’t exist, there’s no guarantee mine would ever be published. But my belief in the project and that possibility were important. It’s also been suggested that I could revise the book again, though the changes required would be radical, and I’d be making them solely in response to the fact that there’s suddenly no market for this book I’ve poured everything into (made worse by the knowledge that there obviously was a market for it that I missed out on).

So, I guess what I’m asking is: how do I proceed with final revisions on a book that has no realistic hope of ever being a book? And, more importantly, once this book is immediately and forever back in the drawer, how do I keep going?

Thank you,

SD

Dear SD,

I understand how discouraged you must feel — it’s like your book got “scooped.” (I once read that scientists often have to publish their results before they understand them, to make sure they publish them first.) But the more I think about it, the more I’m sure the situation isn’t as devastating as it seems.

Here’s how I see it. Either this other book — we’ll call it Clone Book — is a hit or it isn’t. If it doesn’t become a runaway bestseller, then it’s really no problem. You can operate as though Clone Book doesn’t exist. It’s entirely possible that the agents or publishers you’re querying won’t have heard of the book or won’t be familiar enough with it to immediately see all the similarities that you see. This seems like the most likely outcome, because most books aren’t huge hits. If an agent you reach out to does say something like “This sounds a lot like Clone Book” — you can be honest and say that it’s a coincidence. Given the timing, there’s no way you could have copied the book, because you’re in the editing stages and Clone Book just came out.

If Clone Book does become a big seller, I honestly think this can only help you. You can use it as a comp title in your pitch letter to illustrate that there’s a clear market for books like this. You ask “How many story cycles about women’s college rugby teams coming of age, committing murder, and traveling through time does the world really need?” But generally when readers love a book, they don’t just read that same book over and over; they want to read more books like it! Agents and publishers know this, and they will be actively looking for similar books to sell. Remember when The Hunger Games first came out, and suddenly everyone was writing dystopian YA novels? There have been multiple nonfiction books about wolves in the last year. There’s a book on the bestseller list now called The Woman in the Window about a drunk who (maybe?) witnesses a murder; seems like a clear nod to The Girl on the Train. It takes a little while for a trend to die, and two books isn’t even a trend yet.

You’ll want to be able to say something like, ‘Fans of Clone Book will run out to buy my book, and be delighted to find that it’s campier and laugh-out-loud funny.’

You may be thinking that it’s better not to know, or you may be afraid to learn the extent of the similarities, but if Clone Book is making a big splash, you should probably read it. That way you’ll be able to confidently speak to both the similarities and the differences. And I have no doubt there are differences. Beyond genre and the thematic/plot overlap, think about elements like tone, style, and audience. You’ll want to be able to say something like, “While the subject matter covers similar territory as Clone Book, my book is aimed at a more literary audience,” or “Fans of Clone Book will run out to buy my book, and be delighted to find that it’s campier and laugh-out-loud funny.” It would also be good to have one or two other books in mind with a strong family resemblance to yours, so you can describe your book as “a cross between Clone Book and Other Bestseller,” or “a rugby story in the mold of Clone Book but with the formal inventiveness of Other Bestseller.” That will take some of the burden of comparison off Clone Book.

The details of your particular situation may be unusual, but I think your anxiety speaks to a larger question that all writers face: Can we truly be original? I often have the experience of reading something that uncannily echoes something I’ve just written, and of course my first thought is, Is everyone going to think I plagiarized this? It’s actually very hard to have a completely original idea. Plus, if you are writing about a topic that nobody else is writing about, you have to wonder if that’s because nobody is interested in reading about that topic.

There are a lot of books out there and just not that many fundamentally new ways to approach putting words on a page.

Most of the time when people say in a blurb or a review, “So-and-so is sui generis! There’s no other book like this!” they’re either lying or just wrong. It may be trivially true (no other book contains the exact same words in the exact same order) but not compellingly true. There are a lot of books out there and just not that many fundamentally new ways to approach putting words on a page. Fragmentary books, for example, are always blurbed as though the author just invented the fragment, but in reality books are almost always working in a clear tradition — even if the author is unaware of that tradition.

Being too original will be seen as a liability by most agents and publishers, since they won’t know how to market you. (Even if a publicist decides to hype up a book as “totally new and original,” who they find to call it original will speak volumes about how they really want you to perceive the book.) On the other hand, you really can’t avoid some degree of originality. This is why I know there must be appreciable and important differences between Clone Book and your book.

My husband keeps a little letter-pressed card on the wall over his writing desk, with a quote by Martha Graham. It’s taken from Graham’s biography, written by Agnes de Mille, another choreographer. De Mille once met Graham for sodas in a Scrafft’s (an old chain restaurant in Manhattan), seeking consolation — she felt her best work had been ignored, while recent work she wasn’t very proud of (the choreography for Oklahoma!) had met wild success. Graham gave de Mille the greatest advice of her life:

There is a vitality, a life force, an energy, a quickening that is translated through you into action, and because there is only one of you in all of time, this expression is unique. And if you block it, it will never exist through any other medium and it will be lost. The world will not have it. It is not your business to determine how good it is nor how valuable nor how it compares with other expressions. It is your business to keep it yours clearly and directly, to keep the channel open. You do not even have to believe in yourself or your work. You have to keep yourself open and aware to the urges that motivate you. Keep the channel open.

You wrote your book; no one else could or would do it the same way. I think it’s much too early for you to give up on it. I hope you’ll reach out to those agents who showed early interest, and give them the chance to evaluate the market for your book.

The Circle of Life Gets Sinister

“Rabbit in a Hat”

by Alison Wisdom

We go to the jungle, to the river, because my body is empty, and we want to fill it. I want to fill it with a child, and my husband with peace, with whatever I need to be happy, anything to settle the restlessness of my body’s yearning. They say a man doesn’t become a father until he holds his baby, sees its fingers and toes and the way they move just as his do. Until then, the baby is an invisible bit of magic conjured by his wife’s body, the promise of a rabbit in her hat. She’s ready for his applause — because that’s what you do — but wary, still, of a letdown at the trick’s end. A disappointment. A bait and switch.

Rest, the doctor said. And time. A vacation. Then we will try something else. If we even need to, he adds. It can take a long time.

“Be patient,” Marc says. “Besides, I’ve always wanted to see the Amazon. Go down the river like Huck Finn.”

“Wrong river,” I tell him.

“I know that,” he says. “A bigger, better river.”

But now we are here, and the river itself might as well be the same river: murky, thick, snaky, though who can tell on the ship how the water trail twists and coils? To us, we go straight, point north, travel in one neat line. I only know it winds because that’s what rivers do, because that’s what the framed picture in our cabin shows — an aerial view, the river like a vein running down a giant’s arm.

Sun and water and green plants. Rest, rhythm, and timing. It’s all we need.

But I have a theory I will never tell Marc: we won’t get a baby because the world is too full. Too many other babies being born, too many long lives still being lived. I read an article once that said the earth knows she can’t hold us all anymore, that she is beginning to revolt against us with all she has — earthquakes, giant waves, droughts and sandstorms and hurricanes and floods. And maybe my body knows this. The earth and my flesh and muscles and bones in communication, tides and moons, dogs who sense the trembling under the crust before the ground splits open.

There aren’t many of us on board; it’s a small ship. We are led by a wiry man named Estuardo, our cruise director, who tells us to call him Stu. There are, thankfully, very few children. There’s nothing here for families, no looping waterslides or costumed people dressed like cartoons, no screenings of kids’ movies in the early evening while the adults eat alone like real adults. I have friends with kids. I know how it works, what they want when they go on a trip with their children. It isn’t this.

But there is one family, and they are perfect. A mother and father, a boy and a girl. I can see them from where we sit at dinner. Tomorrow I will sit with my back to them, let Marc spend the hour watching her cut up the chicken nuggets the ship’s chef made especially for them, let him watch the little boy tugging at his father’s beard and laughing, like it’s a mask that won’t come off. It won’t bother Marc to watch that. He’s lucky that way. He’ll say they’re cute, or he’ll say nothing about them at all.

Marc reaches across the table and takes my hand. “Hey,” he says. “Look. Let’s have fun this week, okay?”

“What else would we have?” I ask. “Don’t we always have fun?”

He is careful here. “Of course,” he says. “I’m just worried you’re going to worry.” He smiles. “Now you’ve got me worrying,” he says.

“I’m fine,” I say. “I’m happy to be here.” The ship is compact and beautiful, more glass than steel. The river holds pink dolphins, Stu has told us, and the deep green shore teems with creatures, with birds and snakes and men and women and haunted things — Stu told us that too — and the ship keeps us safe from the river, the rain, the pull of the jungle.

“When it’s the right time,” he says, “we’ll have a baby. If it’s now, it’s now.” He shrugs. “If it’s in five years, well, then that’s fine too.”

I am silent. My body, or something deep inside of it, stirs. Yesterday, it tells me. You needed to have a baby yesterday or last week or last year. Hurry, it says. “I know you’re right,” I say. I watch the bearded father push his chair back from the table, taking the napkin off his lap as he stands up. The mother says something to her son as he climbs out of his chair. He nods and I see him shake the waiter’s hand. A tiny little gentleman. The waiter smiles at him. As they leave, they walk right past our table. “Baths,” the mother is saying. “Then a movie on the iPad if neither of you cry when I wash your hair.” Then they are gone.

“This,” Marc is saying, raising his hands and looking around the dining room — posh but tastefully exotic, all clean lines, low lighting. “We’re on an adventure. This is what we should be focusing on.”

But when we go back to our room, I undress so that he notices me, pull back the sheets of the bed, grab his hand, and he lets me pull him to the bed. I watch my body perform what’s necessary, I will it to open, to be ready. We are warm and flushed with wine and river, and I leave the curtains open, the window the size of a cinema screen, so that when it is over, we can lay in bed and watch the shore, black and jagged in the darkness, float by. It’s possible we have done it, the magical thing we’re waiting for.

“We should have closed the curtain,” Marc says.

Let them look, I think. If anyone can see, let them look. But the wall is only a window, and then water and then beyond that, there is wildness or there is civilization, villages we cannot see from here, and I know then, as sure as I am of anything, that we are alone. No life being formed. It is only us, only two, and the night outside our window. When Marc falls asleep, I tell myself not to cry, and I don’t.

There is a particular man aboard the ship who I believe is alone. He is older, though I’m not sure how old. His hair is the light color of ash, once blonde, and he has cheeks that are full and sag, like the jowls of a bulldog. Marc and I watch him during one of the excursions. “He reminds me of someone,” I say. “It’s the cheeks. But who is it?”

We are out on small boats in the river, fishing for piranhas. Up close, the river seems viscous, alive, and there’s so little separating us from it — planks of wood, thumbs and lines of caulk, not much else. Before we left, Stu told us we couldn’t keep the fish. “We get to have them for a while, look at them, admire them, and then they have to go back where they belong.” It still seems wrong to cast lines into the river, hoping for a knife-toothed fish snared, wildness baited and tricked — and yet I want to pull up my line and force the jaws open, that underbite, see the rows of tiny serrated teeth inside. Watching me, Marc seemed impressed but also alarmed “You’re unexpectedly intense about this,” he said.

Now he looks at the man, studies him. “Don’t stare,” I say.

“Winston Churchill,” he says. “That’s who he looks like.”

We laugh because it’s true, that’s exactly who it is. The guide turns around to look at us, and we smile, then laugh again when he turns back again. We cruisers, now fishers, are on three different boats, canoe-like, in a line one after another.

In another boat, the little boy is standing up, walking back and forth between his mom and dad, and the mom is snapping her fingers at him. Sit down, she says. The guide on their boat is grim faced.

In Winston Churchill’s boat, a black-haired woman taps his shoulder, extends a camera, and he grapples with the rod and the camera while the woman positions herself, leaning into her black-haired husband. She takes off her sunglasses and then puts them on again. She turns her head to one side, tilts it the other way. Winston holds the camera up for a moment and then hands it back to her. She looks at the screen and frowns at what she sees, then waves — it’s okay, it’s fine — and goes back to fishing.

“Excellent military leader,” Marc says. “Apparently terrible photographer.”

“He looks like a sad person,” I say. “Just a sad person piranha fishing.”

“Nothing sadder than that,” Marc agrees.

There is squealing in the other boat, not Churchill’s, and we look over. It’s the family’s boat, and the mom is hoisting her line out of the water, the little girl beside her is clapping, and there is a small fish on the end of the line, wiggling and twisting.

“Is that it?” I ask. “It’s so little.”

“You sound disappointed,” Marc says, and I am.

At dinner I sit with my back to the family, so now I face the black-haired couple. She has her hair pulled up off her shoulders, turquoise earrings she fingers as she talks to her husband. At another table nearby is Winston Churchill, and he eats slowly and chats with the waiter, dabbing at his mouth with a napkin. More couples, a group of women who all wear chunky necklaces, caftans, lip gloss.

I let myself turn to look at the family. Just once. The kids have macaroni and cheese. The dad spears a clump of noodles from the girl’s plate and eats them. The girl shakes her head at her father — no, Daddy — and her ponytail swings. Her brother grabs it because how could he not? When I turn back to Marc, I watch him deciding what to say.

“I feel like a drink,” he says. “And fresh air.” A good answer to something I didn’t say. I nod.

When we walk away from the table, I look once over my shoulder at the family. The little boy wipes his face with his napkin. The mother tips her head back, wineglass to lips.

Back in our room, we have sex again. Marc closes the curtains but not all the way, and there is a sliver of window exposed, a stripe of moonlight. Earlier, we watched the moon on the upper deck of the ship, perfect and cool in the sky, its twin rippled in the river. “Relax,” Marc says now. “You’ll never get pregnant if you worry.” His hands are everywhere, and I try to pay attention to where they go: my face, hair, breasts, my hips. His fingertips are light on my skin.

Stu told us earlier that the moon is a protector, that she watches over the people she sees, the women especially, who are more vulnerable to the dangers of the night. “I’m not worrying,” I say, I tell myself over and over, but my thoughts are winding and twisting, and they are coiling out of the room, up to the moon, like smoke — just one, they say to the moon. Tell someone his time is up, close your eyes for a minute, rest on the job, and let someone go. Let someone new come in.

The next day it rains. But the rain is fine, nearly a mist, and the air is steamy, the breathing of the giant whose veins are the river. We stand in brightly hooded, rain-jacketed clusters and pairs as we wait to leave the ship. Today we are going into the jungle. “Macaws and sloths and anacondas,” Stu promises. “Jaguar, Jesus lizard.”

“A what?” a woman asks.

“A lizard who dies for your sins?” Marc whispers to me. “A lizard who comes back to life.”

“Walks on water,” says Stu. He points his index and middle fingers of his right hand downward and walks them across an invisible surface. “It skitters.”

“I liked my explanation better,” says Marc. “It could be a movie. Jesus Lizard: Messiah Complex.

Jesus Lizard: He Returns,” I say.

“Just when you think he’s dead,” Marc says, “here he comes again.”

Soon we’re walking off the ship and onto the beach, a strip of tan before the green begins. Now that we are closer, I can see there are different shades and depths of green in the jungle: houseplant green, the skin of a snake, the darkest corner of an emerald, the color of lily pads, of lettuce, of lichen. There is also a small building with the door open, a man standing in the doorway, waving. There’s a white sign propped up in the corner of the window that says “Amazing Amazon Animal Tours.” Marc turns to face me, the red hood of his raincoat bright against the gray sky, and gives me a thumbs up. “Jaguars,” he says. “Let’s go.” They split us into small groups, each led by a guide, and we are off. In another group, I see Winston Churchill in a blue jacket, no hood, a wide-brimmed hat over his head. When he turns sideways, his jowls are so prominent they obscure his mouth.

“Those of you with me, this way,” calls our guide. Our group is us and the caftan women, who are now wearing muted hiking clothes, like they changed overnight from birds of paradise to swallows. In another group is Winston Churchill, the parents and children. The little girl holds a disposable camera and points it at a tree, back at the ship, at her brother, who jumps off the corpse of a downed tree, weak and porous. The rain is steady; it clings to our guide’s jacket. The ground beneath our feet is soggy, sticky, and it feels like it could suck me in, pull me below its surface. In the distance, a bird calls.

Our small group forms a line — the trail into the jungle is narrow — and we set off. Behind us, the other groups wait for their turn to walk down the same path, a few minutes separating us, and before we turn a corner I glance back at them, standing on the shore making mental lists of all the things they hope to see.

We see wild red birds with beaks hooked and sharp, small frogs so bright they look painted. We see wet paw prints, their muddy borders caving in, only two and then no more, as though the owner of those paws disappeared mid-stride. A lizard, but one that cannot walk on water, a lizard that lives only once. Two monkeys, white birds so thick in a tree that it looks as if the branches grow cotton. At the shore, we thank our guide and scurry back to our cabins, shaking ourselves off like dogs when we get under cover.

Our cabin room looks out onto the banks where we just stood, and once we have changed out of our jungle clothes, we sit in the chairs by our window and watch the second group traipse out of the trees and onto the shore and clamor up the walkway to the ship. We hear their voices as they walk to their rooms. We read. The rain is a fine spray on the windows. We see the third group gather together on the little beach. In a huddle, they are indistinguishable from one another, rain-jacket hoods covering faces, heads. The only one I can recognize is Stu, their guide, who is hoodless and hatless, and we watch him peering at the group, one finger extended and bouncing over each person, making the shape of m m m in the air as he counts. We see him count again. He walks back in the direction from which they all came — the expanse of shore narrowing into the trail — and then jogs around a corner, disappearing.

“Someone forgot something,” Marc says. But then, only minutes later, Stu emerges from the green again and waves over the other two guides. The men talk. A few people begin to walk back to the boat. Marc gets up from the chair, flops onto the bed. “Want to watch a movie before dinner?” he asks. “Since it’s gross outside anyway, and the boat isn’t leaving yet.” He turns the TV on and begins scrolling through the channels.

“Sure,” I say. Outside Stu has left the huddle of men and is waving the remaining passengers toward the boat, and when every last raincoat has wandered aboard, he shuffles back to the two men. Marc pats the bed. I join him, lying on my stomach. I look out the window, and the men are gone, and I wait to feel the boat begin to move, to push through the mist of rain, to slice the river water and go.

It is dark, and we have not left. The windows of the little building hum with yellow light, the tour company sign a black rectangle cut out of the glow. At dinner, we hear people asking each other why we haven’t left, the itinerary demands it, could it be the weather, the rain is so light, a mist really, is there something wrong with the boat?

“It’s odd,” Marc says. “But we’ll get where we need to go, no matter what. We won’t be stranded out here forever. If we’re even stranded.”

At dinner I look around for Stu, who I am sure has been cornered by other passengers or is hiding somewhere to avoid being cornered at all. It’s then I see Winston Churchill isn’t at his table. There it is, a few feet away from our own, the candle in the middle lit, though the chairs, both of them, are empty. “I don’t think someone forgot something,” I say. “In the jungle, when we saw Stu go back on the trail. I think we’re still waiting for someone.” Marc stares at me. “Winston Churchill is missing,” I say.

Marc frowns, a slight pursing of his lips and eyebrows gathering. “I bet he’s sleeping,” he says.

“What if he got lost?”

“It seems unlikely,” Marc says.

“It would make sense, though,” I say. “Why we haven’t left yet and why there hasn’t been any explanation. I bet people are looking for him.”

“Where would he be?” Marc asks.

We both know. The jungle, the river. Where else?

“What a terrible place to be lost,” he says. “There’s no way you’d survive.”

“I don’t feel like eating anymore,” I say, pushing my plate away. With one finger, I slide the wineglass away too. “I want to go back to the room.”

“Okay,” Marc says gently. “But hey, I’m sure it isn’t what you think.”

In the room, I begin to undress again, just as I have the past two nights, more quickly maybe. Urgently. The lamps on the bedside table are on, the curtains are open, and, in only my underwear, I walk over and close them, though before I do, I see the sky has cleared, the moon is up. I turn to see Marc standing in the doorway to the bathroom. “What are you doing?” he says. He watches me, like I have a gun, cocked and aimed, or a suitcase with a bomb inside.

“I feel worried,” I say. “I need something to distract me.”

Marc keeps looking at me in that same way, eyes narrowed, movements cautious, easy. “Want to have a drink?” he asks. “Or do you want one of my Ambien?”

“No,” I say. “I think we should have sex. Please. It will make us feel better.”

“You’re putting too much pressure on us,” he says. “That’s probably why we can’t get pregnant.”

“That’s not it,” I tell him. If they find Winston Churchill, padding down the jungle trail, still wearing the wide-brimmed hat, or if they find him, dazed and clothes torn and muddy, weeping and hungry, it will all be the same as before; we will sail down the river, we will arrive at our port, we’ll fly home, and it will be only Marc, only me, no tiny child growing inside my body.

“Look,” Marc says. “I just don’t want to. Not tonight. You could still be pregnant — who knows — and if you’re not, we can try again next month.” He shrugs. “Another month won’t hurt.”

I say nothing.

“I love you,” Marc says. “We can try again tomorrow night.”

“You don’t even want a baby,” I say. “You don’t care at all.”

“Stop,” he says. “I don’t even know what to say to that.”

I grab a robe from where it hangs in the little closet of our cabin. I wrap it around me, pull the belt tight. Marc opens the curtains. The night is still and murky from the old rain. The ship hasn’t moved at all; the building on the shore still has all its lights on, and I think about Winston Churchill, out there in the night, maybe seeing the yellow light through the trees, worrying that the hulking mass in the distance isn’t the boat he’s meant to be on but some sinister mirage, a delusion. The stars are nearly invisible through the clouds, but there is the moon, round as a blank face, like it’s been listening to the conversation and it, too, has nothing else to say.

In the morning, Marc makes it up to me, tries to prove he does want a baby, not the baby of next month, baby of someday, but the baby who begins here. “See,” he says. He pulls me close to him, and we fall asleep afterward. When we wake again, we stroll out to the ship’s roof, and I lie down in a hammock while Marc looks for coffee. The ship hasn’t moved, but we hear it will soon. There will be a change of itinerary. A cluster of people come up the stairs. “The mosquitoes are terrible out here,” one of them says. I sit up. It’s Winston Churchill. He sees me watching and waves, and I wave back, a pain echoing in my belly. Disappointment swells there, or fear, and my insides coil and tighten and expand, forming words I can never say, how I hoped for disaster, an end for a person I didn’t know but who surely loved, was loved, would be missed. But here he was all alone, I would have traded him in an instant, and it doesn’t matter now.

When Marc comes back, he has two coffee cups. He hands me one, and I say, “Look who’s okay. You were right after all.”

“Only partly,” he says. His voice is thick, like he has drunk the water of the river and now it has swelled up in his throat. He looks down, at his fingers clenching the coffee cup, and looks at me. “The little boy,” he says. “I asked one of the waiters what was happening. He said the boy got lost somehow. In the jungle.”

In the sky, the morning sun is loose and sloppy, burning hazy at the edges, no face to speak of, nothing like the neat contours, the watchful face of the moon. The small hand held out to the waiter, fingers grabbing his sister’s hair. A sister. A mother, a father. Back in the room, Marc rubs my back while I cry, and I must fall asleep for hours because when I wake up again, the ship is sailing, doing exactly what a ship is meant to do.

To make up for lost time, we don’t stop again. After lunch the next day, we come back to our cabin to a note slid under the door, typed and printed on flimsy stationery with the cruise line’s letterhead. An accident, it says, involving a guest. Over Marc’s shoulder, I skim the rest: Emergency attention required, partial reimbursement to guests, many apologies, best wishes. “Well,” Marc says. “Sounds like they must have found him, and he was hurt or something. Poor kid.”

“Maybe,” I say.

“Are you okay?” Marc asks.

“Queasy,” I say. “And tired.”

“Pregnant,” he says triumphantly, and I roll my eyes.

He folds the letter from the cruise line in two and tosses it, like a Frisbee, into a wastebasket near the door. “I wonder what happened,” he says. “I guess we’ll never know.”

But three weeks later, back home in our own bed, I wake up nauseous, and I barely make it to the toilet before I throw up. And it’s in that way, I think, we know what happened to the boy. Marc was wrong. The boy wasn’t hurt; he was gone. We’ve seen his family on the news, still waiting, searching among all that green, but now I know they won’t find him. The jungle swallowed him whole, the river drank him up. I cry and cry. “I’m happy too,” Marc says. “A baby. Unbelievable.” He puts his hand on my stomach, and I imagine a baby as small as a seed, the head of a pin, swimming in my body, as miraculous as a dolphin in the river.

The months are long, and my body hurts. It’s painful in a strange, surreal way. I am me, and my body is mine, but I’m not and it isn’t, and though I feel every ligament stretch, each rib forced apart as the baby flips and turns and kicks, it seems as though I am feeling the body of another person. The stomach, growing and swelling, is my own, but it feels alien, and I stay up late and watch the baby push against me, looking for a foot there below my skin or a hand, the angle of elbow, the curve of his head. I feel more thankful every day. I regret less.

Marc is giddy about the changes, the ones already happening, the ones still coming. He puts his hand on my belly, he leans over and puts his ear to it. “I can hear his heartbeat,” he says.

“You can’t,” I tell him. “That’s not how it works.”

“Aren’t you happy now?” he asks. He sits up to look at me. “You’re getting what you always wanted. And everything worked out.”

“Not yet,” I say. “It still might not work out.”

My voice catches, and Marc softens. “It will be okay,” he says. “And if nothing else, look at the numbers. You’re out of the woods for a miscarriage. We’re going to have this baby.”

I say nothing. I nod. A different kind of magic. A disappointment. A trick where the rabbit goes in the hat but never comes out.

I am over halfway to my due date when, one night, we watch an episode of Dateline. It’s the kind of thing that we don’t mean to watch, but my body is already unwieldy and tired, and so we stay on the couch, and neither of us touches the remote control. The subject is a man who disappeared hiking alone in the mountains of Nepal, was injured in an accident that left him an amnesiac, rescued by high-dwelling villagers, and was treated by kind Swedish doctors living in Kathmandu as his memory came back. Then, when it finally returned, so did he, back to his family in Kansas, a wife who tearfully said she never stopped looking for him. He was gone for seven years. “Wowza,” says Marc when the show is over. “No offense, but I would probably stop looking for you.”

“What are the odds?” I ask.

“One in a million,” says Marc.

That night, in bed, when the baby inside my belly is still and Marc is asleep, I search the Internet on my phone: “boy missing in Amazon,” “cruise passenger dead in jungle,” “child comes back to life.” But he is nowhere, only in old pictures, old news stories. I check every night after that, with one hand on my stomach, pressing against it, waiting for the pressure of the baby to pulse in response. A deal’s a deal. But so far I am lucky. I erase the history after each search. I know how it would look if Marc found it — melodramatic, fatalistic. I feel ashamed at my worry, and then more worried: what if by looking for the boy, I set my fear in motion, and the boy in the jungle is already making his way out of it, heading for the shore, for the light of a ship in the distance?

And if everything does work out there will be so many more days to worry about. So many weeks, years. So many things that can happen to a child. What would this baby’s life prove if not that?

“Do you remember that family?” I ask Marc. “From the ship?”

“Of course,” he says. “Why?”

“Do you think the little boy is dead?”

“Yes,” Marc says.

“What if he comes back?” I say.

“Then it would be a miracle.”

A miracle. An old life for a new one. An emptiness and then a fullness, a ripeness, and then the threat of emptiness again. Outside the house, there is the moon, and beyond the borders here, a jungle, a river and monsters who swim in it, a ship of glass and steel, something hiding in the dark, something waiting.

As Marc sleeps, I turn my phone on and hold it under the covers of our bed so the light doesn’t wake him. A ritual. I expect to find the boy in the jungle, miraculous news of his return, but I don’t. I make myself stay awake until I feel the baby move. Then I wait for him to move again, again, again.

7 Short Story Collections To Read This Year

I f you’re literary but attention-challenged, these new and imminent short story collections — some brimming with flash fiction jewels — will make you binge-read again. The stories within them skip around the U.S. from the interiors of Los Angeles mansions to classrooms in Marion Barry-era Washington D.C., and from the Florida wilds and golf courses to the expanses of the Western states under the grip of a separatist rebellion. They’ll also transport you to a scrappier Singapore, a stormy night in Salvador, Brazil, and to the gods and mortals roaming Ancient Greece. We can’t guarantee you’ll give up Netflix or other pursuits but these shorts could prove to be seductive enough to swallow huge chunks of your evenings and weekends.

Fight No More by Lydia Millet

In “Libertines,” the opening story of Lydia Millet’s collection Fight No More, Nina, a Los Angeles real estate broker contemplates the porn stashes of the houses she shows. At the viewing we meet her at, she’s abstained from wearing her four-inch pumps in favor of wedges just in case her foreign clients disapprove of “looseness.” She notes, “That was the thing about American men; in a way it was comforting. When push came to shove, no woman could be too loose for them.” Millet’s wry humor continues as the stories of Nina and her clients and their relatives interlock happily and then painfully, and back again. The seamless stories will satisfy but will also keep you up reading well into the night.

Girl and Giraffe

Malay Sketches by Alfian Sa’at

Alfian Sa’at’s Malay Sketches takes its title from the colonialist Frank Swettenham’s 1895 travelogue about Malay “little lives.” In a feast of almost 50 vignettes, Sa’at, a literary bad boy in agreeable Singapore, presents his mini canon of minority Malay-Muslim life in the city state. His Singaporeans are the unemployed, recently-incarcerated, and those caught up in near-distance diasporic longing (Malaysia is across the causeway but a million miles psychically). At a job orientation, a newly-promoted hangman is advised to put scented soaps in noose bags so that prisoners may relax. Nostalgic for the rustic village life of her father’s generation, a woman goes camping and meets fellow campers, who turn out to be homeless when authorities come checking for camping permits. This is Singapore from absolutely the opposite side of the tracks of Kevin Kwan’s Crazy Rich Asians.

Come West and See by Maxim Loskutoff

Come West and See begins in Montana Territory in 1893 with a terribly lonely woodsman who lusts after a bear. From there, Loskutoff zooms to the present/future, where Redoubt, a libertarian separatist movement is taking the West from the Federal government. On the conflict’s edges and at its fiery center, Loskutoff’s humans are caught in brutal personal crossfires: a fraying couple trying to save their injured pet coyote, a woman plotting to murder a tree, a militiaman’s wife who blames his death on her sin of self-pleasure, amongst others. The animals — often in the line of human butchery — are never far too from the scene and in Loskutoff’s blade-sharp prose. A lighter case in point, this juicy lunar simile: “The moon was no more than a shank.”

Good Trouble by Joseph O’Neill

The white upper bourgeois characters of Good Trouble float through their worlds shouldering relatively benign problems. A poet, afflicted by writer’s block, is enraged about the idea of a “poetition” addressed to President Barack Obama for the pardoning of Edward Snowden. A woman called Breda Morrissey, easily the collection’s most compelling character, keeps her opinions about her son’s cheese interests and her grandson’s circumcision to herself but still fall fouls. Joseph O’Neill slides larger world conflicts (racism and international wars) into their issues, which include uneasy budget discussions during a 40th birthday golfing trip and a planned vigilante recovery of a son’s stolen iPhone. O’Neill pokes ample fun at his characters. In “The Mustache in 2010,” the narrator who has just finished rehashing “an upper middle class adventure” of years past, ends with: “I’m brushing tears from my eyes, it should be documented.”

Florida by Lauren Groff

Lauren Groff will snare your soul into her tempestuous Florida. The Sunshine State’s snakes — a houseful in one story — and swamps are present but so is a possible panther, a graduate student slouching towards homelessness, and a woman waiting out a hurricane as her hens fly away and old ghosts come to chat. Malaise, like the sticky, terrifying weather, soaks the characters even when they are well out of state in France and Brazil. It fills especially the recurring mom of two young boys character, for whom even Paris has “become somehow Floridian, all humidity and pink stucco and cellulite rippling under the hems of shorts.” She can’t even find respite in a small French coastal town with minimal WiFi. Her young boys are realistic lovely rascals but most movingly wrought are the abandoned young sisters in “Dogs Go Wolf.” Their bones make an appearance: “It was late in the morning, but the girls’ bones didn’t want to get up. Lie still, the bones said.” Even if you’ve read these stories in the New Yorker and elsewhere, marinating in them consecutively will have you shook for days.

The Doppelgängers

Metamorphica by Zachary Mason

Purists aside, classics geeks will likely rejoice in Zachary Mason’s lush and very smart romp through Ovid’s epic Metamorphoses, one of the foundational texts of Western literature. Not to worry if you snoozed through it at school as Mason prefaces each vignette with a line or two of who’s who amongst the ancients. Mason’s reimagining begins with Ovid asking Aphrodite for the power to craft literature. She scolds him: “Not literature for you, but the literary life, because you’re lazy, and love company, what you’d most like is to be famous without writing a word.” Then the stories, mapped by the Gods’ constellations in the night sky, begin and throb with tragedy, transformation, and wars. At the end, Mason’s notes offer where he’s taken liberties. For example, instead of turning his wife into gold, Midas fades into midlife boredom having invented money. The distraction that sidetracks the racing Atalanta from her anti-marriage steadfastness is not the golden apple of the old but “Aphrodite’s mons veneris — what else could the golden apple be?”

Training School for Negro Girls by Camille Acker

The title of Camille Acker’s collection takes its inspiration from Nannie Helen Burroughs’ vocational training school for black women founded in 1908 in Washington D.C. The collection, however, wanders across decades up to the Obama era and through the capital’s neighborhoods. Its women and girls grapple with their training — both vocational and societal — and what it teaches them (or doesn’t) about being in the world. In “Mambo Sauce,” which feels very, very life-like, Acker pokes at all sides of gentrification with an interracial couple and black D.C.’s famed tangy sauce. Up for crisp skewering in the collection’s title story are the politics (class, neighborhood, and complexion) of trying to get into a posh civic kids’ club, “Toby & Tiffany.” The robust “All the Things You’ll Never Do” with its pure voice will have you by its end feeling tenderly about Bess, a proud if pernickety, TSA agent who’s never been on an airplane. None of these stories have appeared anywhere, which seems staggering because they are compulsively excellent.

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Helped Invent the Curse of the Mummy

The first time (and also the tenth time) I read the Hound of Baskervilles, it was in Bengali. The library at my father’s workplace in Calcutta had a wonderful little nook full of translated crime fiction and Arthur Conan Doyle—who would have celebrated his 159th birthday this week, on May 22nd—was the mainstay of that little nook. The copy of the Collected Works of Arthur Conan Doyle was so weathered, so broken-spined, that it had to be read like a medieval scroll, sometimes holding each page separately and always making sure there was always a nice, fat roll of Sellotape in case the already-yellowed Sellotape bindings and plasters needed an emergency top-up. But I was always curled up with it and continued to read and re-read The Hound of Baskervilles with vicious, unwavering concentration throughout my teens. I think in many ways it inspired me to read the world like a crime scene of language and thought — a way of seeing that eventually led me to my career as a student of literature.

Looking back, it seems peculiar that my immersion into crime fiction happened through Doyle’s work — and that it happened in Calcutta in the early 2000s, a city still recovering from its two-century-long history of colonial oppression, assimilation and resistance. Doyle himself was a staunch colonialist and believed that the sun should never set on the British empire; what would he have thought of a young brown woman enjoying his works in a post-colonial India, and not even in English? I suspect he would have been disapproving or at least confused, though perhaps he would be ecstatic thinking that the locals were finally being “educated.” Who knows what this grumpy old Victorian would have thought?

But no matter what Doyle’s colonialism would have made him think about his Indian readers, it hasn’t affected the way they think of him. Far more people in India love his work than know about his views on colonialism and empire. After all, the Sherlock Holmes series is primarily apolitical and nakedly rationalistic. Passion, and specifically passionate politics, of any kind is curiously absent. Power is these stories is always lurking behind solvable problems: princes get blackmailed, statues of Napoleon hide gems.

Doyle’s own passionate politics, and his passionate pursuits into the irrational, remain impossible to detect in the Sherlock Holmes stories and novellas. Perhaps that is why these works are so much popular than his later, more Gothic fiction, which is full of conviction and rhetoric. On the contrary, as scholar Martin Kayman perceptively points out, Sherlock Holmes was so popular with Victorian middle-class men precisely because those stories, unlike the later ones, “celebrate the capacity of rationalism to organise the material of existence meaningfully, and the power of the rational individual to protect us from semiotic and moral chaos.”

Doyle’s own passionate politics, and his passionate pursuits into the irrational, remain impossible to detect in the Sherlock Holmes stories and novellas.

And yet, in spite of this dramatic staging of rationalist cerebrality that would go on to define Arthur Conan Doyle’s career, he was a far more superstitiously-minded thinker in later years than Sherlock Holmes’ barely-hidden atheism would suggest. Perhaps more surprisingly, he was also an inveterate imperialist with a hateful obsession with Egypt, a country he visited only once in 1846 and never went back to. This lack of direct experience of Egypt or its culture never prevented Doyle from having forceful (and as it would turn out, influential) opinions on relics of ancient Egypt, which were being discovered at a higher frequency in the late 1800s thanks to the efficiency and effort of the English archaeologists. While Doyle wrote in 1896 that he found Egyptian civilization itself “contemptible” and “emasculated,” he continued to be enthralled by the mummies, pyramids, and scrolls that were being unearthed and continued to include them as props in his fiction.

12 New Book Covers Created for Sherlock Holmes’ 125th Anniversary

In the short story “Lot No. 249,” first published in 1894, we read the tale of Bellingham, an Oxonion who is fluent in Arabic and the ancient Oriental languages, and whose college room is “a museum rather than a study.” The most arresting thing about Bellingham is what stands right in the middle of this museum-like study of his: “a horrid, black, withered thing, like a charred head on a gnarled bush, [that] was lying half out of the case, with its clawlike hand and bony forearm resting upon the table.” This is a classically Gothic description of a mummy, whose appearance in Doyle’s story is more reminiscent of Frankenstein’s Creature than any ancient relic. The story goes on to narrate “a lurid spark of vitality, some faint sign of consciousness in the little eyes which lurked in the depths of the [mummy’s] hollow sockets.”

This was not the only appearance of malign Egyptian artifacts in Doyle’s work. He would go on to write “The Ring of Thoth” in 1890 and publish it on The Cornhill Magazine. This was another story about an Egyptian relic — a ring that was an antidote to a poison. The story was set the Louvre in Paris. One important thing to observe here is that while Doyle continued to base his stories on ancient Egyptian relics, Egypt itself, ancient or modern, never really had an important part in these stories. Instead, it was a plucked object — a stolen, colonized, desecrated relic like a mummy or ring — that became the cause of catastrophe, which would then be resolved by English wit and effort. More importantly, in Doyle’s expert hands, Egypt was perpetually a source of maleficence, trouble, and averted crisis to a European environment like Oxford or Paris.

In Doyle’s expert hands, Egypt was perpetually a source of maleficence, trouble, and averted crisis to a European environment.

Doyle’s only work of fiction (that I know of) in which Egypt plays a part as a living environment and space is The Tragedy of the Korosko, written in 1898. In the story, a group of European and American tourists visiting the sacred places by the Nile are kidnapped by ruthless Sudanese rebels in the desert. As critic Roger Lackhurst points out in his book The Mummy’s Curse, the publication of this short story coincided with period when British Army general Herbert Kitchener “was finally given leave to advance into the Sudan, destroying the last stand of the Mahdist forces at the Battle of Omdurman with overwhelming force, massacring twenty thousand men and executing the wounded in the wake of the battle” (Lackhurst, 158). And yet, Doyle’s preoccupation in this story is solely Sudanese extremism, cruelty, and misogyny, while not a word is said of the equally terrorizing force of the British Egyptian army.

The context of this particular story goes on to show more than anything else that Doyle’s contributions to the Victorian Gothic revival (1850–1900) coincided with what historian Eric Hobsbawm has called “the era of a new type of empire.” Specifically, he began the trend of depictions of Egypt in the genre that has come to be known as Imperial Gothic in England. This was a trend whose main characteristic was the portrayal of England’s empire as a place of extra-rational evil and supernaturality which could only be vanquished by the agency of anglophone, white, English ingenuity. The historical trajectory of these years makes Doyle’s stance stand out even more. In 1882, Egypt lost its position as khedive allied to the Ottoman empire and found itself occupied by British forces. It would remain under this occupation until the Suez crisis in the mid-twentieth century. (This is also the shape of the history of India, which the British governed even more forcefully after the failed Revolt of 1857. It would continue as a British colony under 1947.) In 1885, not just England, but most of Europe convened to cut up the territories of the African continently into manageable handouts during the Berlin Conference. More than ever, the idea of empire was a practice, a victory, and a way of life.

This was a trend whose main characteristic was the portrayal of England’s empire as a place of extra-rational evil and supernaturality which could only be vanquished by the agency of anglophone, white, English ingenuity.

Even so, there were times when Doyle’s sense of entitlement over Egypt faltered. The most famous moment was after the mysterious death of the fifth Earl of Carnarvon, who funded and supervised the excavation of King Tutenkhamun’s tomb in the winter of 1922–23. A few days after the end of the excavation, Lord Carnarvon was bitten by a mosquito in the Hotel Savoy where he was staying in Cairo. The wound got infected while shaving and he ended up contracting a fatal blood infection and dying before he could be carried to England for treatment. He died on the fifth of April, 1923.

The next day, Sir Doyle reached American shores where he was lecturing on spirituality. By this point a practicing occultist, he was asked by journalists of The Express what he made of the mysterious death, and he answered that “An evil elemental may have caused Lord Carnarvon’s fatal illness.” Meanwhile The Morning Post reported that Doyle believed “it was dangerous for Lord Carnarvon to enter Tutankhamun’s tomb, owing to occult and other spiritual influences.” Along with prominent spiritualist Madam Blavatsky, he was one of Victorian occultist voices that gave rise to the curse of the mummy — today a well-known Orientalizing trope in film and fiction.

He was one of Victorian occultist voices that gave rise to the curse of the mummy — today a well-known Orientalizing trope in film and fiction.

Somehow, though, Doyle’s afterlife as a writer and thinker has evaded his connection to Egypt and Egyptian gothic. Today we know him mainly as the creator of Sherlock Holmes and John Watson — the great detectives of Baker Street in London (and also New York, if you are a fan of the adaptation Elementary, as I am). But Arthur Conan Doyle was many things — a trained surgeon, a writer of crime fiction, a prolific writer of the Gothic, an imperialist, and one of the fathers of the mummy’s curse.

On his birthday, I would like us to remember this strange man — his rationalism and his spiritualism, his colonialism and his Orientalist fixations, and all his many contradictions — and remind ourselves that Sir Arthur Conan Doyle is plenty more than just Sherlock Holmes. Though the man himself never quite overcame his imperialist convictions, his creation — as his many Indian fans can attest — transcended its author.

The Yanny/Laurel Illusion Can Teach Us How to Love Ambiguity

When I first heard about Yanny and Laurel it was in a context of outrage. One person on my Twitter timeline heard the obviously correct Laurel and couldn’t believe the monsters who claimed they heard Yanny. Another couldn’t believe we were all talking about another annoying perception phenomenon, the audio version of that dress whose colors nobody could agree on. Why, they complained, was everyone so exercised about something so dumb?

Usually when everyone’s mad about something trivial, there’s something important going on too — a case of something disguised as nothing. In the case of the Yanny/Laurel illusion, as in the case of The Dress, what’s really happening is that we’re being forced to confront ambiguity — a phenomenon that is not objectively one thing or another, that lives in a hazy middle. The hazy middle is not a place we’re comfortable living, and yet it is almost exclusively where we live. These instances have demonstrated that when we can, rather than exist in ambiguity, we will call in experts to do spectrographic analyses and tell us with science which perception is “really true.”

But there is a case to be made for learning to deal with ambiguity, for making peace with the fact that your experience of the world may differ from mine, and neither of us is wrong. If anyone can help with that, it’s Can Xue.

Of all the short stories I teach, “The Fog” by Can Xue makes my students the maddest. “The Fog” is short enough that we can read around the table and finish it in ten minutes, and after we do I look at the class excitedly and ask, “What do you think of that?” One or two people, the ones most comfortable with ambiguity, totally love it. One generous soul who doesn’t want to disappoint me says, “I think I need more time with it.” Everyone else is furious.

There is a case to be made for learning to deal with ambiguity, for making peace with the fact that your experience of the world may differ from mine, and neither of us is wrong.

In “The Fog,” there’s not a lot the reader can trust to be “real,” or a better way of putting it may be that contradictory things are real. At its core, it’s a story about a family trying to survive the pressures and limitations of rural poverty: the father speaks of unrealistic plans to travel and unrealized business ideas; the brothers live with untreated physical ailments; the family is isolated, exposed, vulnerable to the weather, and starving. These ideas are recognizable, but the logistics are not. Line by line, things change shape, change color, stop existing and simultaneously continue to exist. Space and time collapse. The mother leaves but is still there, dies but is still alive. Sometimes she’s so fat she’s soft and sweating oil, sometimes she’s so thin that the narrator suspects she is only emptiness beneath her coat. In one section, the narrator rushes to her mother when she sees she has fallen down while searching for hens she raised twenty years before:

“The fog has damaged my eyes. I can’t see you.”

“There are some human figures in the woods over there. Can you feel that?”

“How can I? It’s impossible. My eyes are completely destroyed.” Frustrated I withdraw my arm from her armpit which is as warm as under a hen’s wing. Instantly one of her ribs cracks and breaks.

“It’s only a rib.” Her blue face wrinkles, then she disappears on the other side of the tree.

My students politely ask: what the fuck? Is this supposed to make sense? What is it supposed to mean? They’re mad at Can Xue for writing it, me for having them read it, themselves for not getting it. They’re afraid they don’t know the answer, but that there is one answer to know is the misunderstanding.

In class we call what Can Xue is doing “dream logic.” The senses don’t match — the mother asks if the narrator can feel the human figures and she responds, how could she when her eyes are damaged? The viewpoints are limited, or unlimited, in ways we don’t expect: her mother “disappears on the other side of the tree,” but how does the narrator know that happened? And we also understand. We don’t but we do. This kind of ambiguity is within us, but it’s something, at least in this country, we try to contain in the category of dreams. When we describe our dreams to the patient souls who are willing to listen, we say things like, “It was you but it wasn’t you,” or, “And then we were suddenly in the house I grew up in but it wasn’t the house.” There is more than one interpretation — it is the house, it is not the house — but more importantly, both are true.

This kind of ambiguity is within us, but it’s something, at least in this country, we try to contain in the category of dreams.

We’d like for this ambiguity to constrain itself to dreams, but of course it doesn’t. One of the times someone left me, it wasn’t the usual situation where we had grown apart or they were moving or I was moving. It was a total shut-out. We had a fight and then they were gone, didn’t want to know me anymore. That kind of loss feels like a death, and my body treated it like one. I couldn’t eat or sleep, focus or function, find pleasure in things. I felt physically sick. I dreamed about them, that they were back, we’d reconciled or never fought, the way I dream the dead are alive again. A death is a loss out of our control, but a shut-out is a loss decided on and imposed by a person still there. It felt as though I’d come home and all the locks were changed, and when I banged on the window, my someone looked out at me as though they’d never seen me before. I was afraid, consumed by a nightmarish fear, that we’d never felt the same way about each other, we had not been having the same experience, that our realities were always different. A possible future shut-out always existed in the spectrum of ways they felt about me, and that was not true for me. I had misunderstood everything.

These thought pathways fan out the same way in almost any interaction I have with a person I care about: parents, partners, friends, people I’m making small talk with, my son. Do you feel about me the way I feel about you? Are we having the same experience? Is yours the real one or is mine? What I’m learning, and I have to learn something many times before I know it, is the answers are always: No. No. Both. Those answers are the same no matter who is asking, no matter what the situation. And it’s uncomfortable.

Do you feel about me the way I feel about you? Are we having the same experience? Is yours the real one or is mine? The answers are always: No. No. Both.

In the last week, linguists and audio engineers have weighed in on why some people hear Yanny and others Laurel. There have been 23 scientific papers written about why some people see a blue and black dress and others white and gold. I wonder, if we had the resources, would we employ scientists to study and explain every falling-out, every difference of opinion, every misunderstanding? Part of me likes that instinct of ours, to wonder and investigate and explain, to be interested and care. But that process also seems to imply that ambiguity is a problem to be solved, when ambiguity simply exists. It is inseparable from us.

In his essay, “The North American,” Richard Rodriguez discusses the difference between assimilation and multiculturalism. He describes multiculturalism as the Canadian idea that everyone can live harmoniously side-by-side, siloed in their own cultures, and not affect each other. Assimilation, he argues, is the reality, that whether we like each other or not, we affect each other. He gives the example of Merced, California, where the two largest immigrant groups are Laotian Hmong and Mexicans. He says the two groups don’t like each other. He asked the Laotian kids what they don’t like about the Mexican kids and they explained their list of grievances, and he realized that, while the Laotian kids described why the Mexican kids didn’t belong in their community, they were speaking English with a Spanish accent. “I was on a BBC interview show,” he said, “and a woman introduced me as being ‘in favor’ of assimilation. I am not in favor of assimilation any more than I am in favor of the Pacific Ocean. If I had a bumper sticker, it would read something like ASSIMILATION HAPPENS.”

So it is with ambiguity. It’s what happens when more than one consciousness exists. It’s hard to structure our lives around it, trust people who are by definition having a different experience than we are, marry someone, incarcerate someone. Our society depends on absolutism when that’s not our reality.

Our society depends on absolutism when that’s not our reality.

Authors like Can Xue are so affecting because they invite us to approach waking life with the same acceptance as we do our dreams, where the logic accommodates multiple realities. Ambiguous illusions do the same, if we let them, though we often resist. The idea that there are as many realities as there are of us is overwhelming, and it’s also lonely. If we’re alone in our reality, it’s impossible to truly share an experience. But while we can’t experience something exactly the same way as each other, we can learn about each other, think about each other, imagine each other, populate our lives with companion realities. Instead of sameness, we can have multitudes.

Everything I Needed To Know About My Aging Mother I Learned from Grace Paley

Last year, my husband, Michael, and I went on a weeklong trip to Haiti with the high school where he teaches. Most nights, we pitched our bug huts — a kind of netted tent that provides protection against malaria-borne mosquitos — on the gritty ground of a second-floor, cinderblock classroom of St. Matthias, a school located in the heart of Thomonde. The voices of children rose and fell. Stray dogs barked. Roosters crowed. Someone played “Amazing Grace” on a slide trombone.

I tossed and turned, wishing for daylight. In an effort to find sleep, I reached for my iPhone and played music. When this didn’t work, I discovered the one podcast I had saved on my phone: A New Yorker fiction podcast with Allan Gurganus reading Grace Paley’s short story “My Father Addresses Me on the Facts of Old Age.”

During the episode, Gurganus talks about how Grace Paley was his first writing teacher at Sarah Lawrence in 1969. He was just off the USS Yorktown after serving a mandatory tour in the Navy during the Vietnam War. “Of course, Grace had devoted most of her adult life trying to end that war,” Gurganus says, “so, it was a weird combination of acceptance and forgiveness. She saw what I was trying to write… . I think her greatest inspiration was her fervent social-political belief that everybody is eloquent when telling their own story.”

The narrative structure of “My Father Addresses Me on the Facts of Old Age” revolves around four conversations between a father and a grown daughter in which he attempts to offer her advice about how to grow old. What emerges amid these sad, intimate conversations is a kind of familial dance of love, regret, and acceptance. I managed to fall asleep before Gurganus finished reading the masterful story. The following morning, the words I remembered were Paley’s opening lines: “My father decides to teach me the facts on how to grow old…. Please sit down, he said. Be patient. The main thing is this — when you get up in the morning, you must take your heart in your two hands. You must do this every morning.”

My mother has never been very good at giving advice. When I was 20 years old, she gave me an illustrated book about sex and masturbation, and said, I hope you have better luck with this than I did. It was the end of the summer, and I was getting ready for my final year of college. I didn’t know it at the time, but my mom and stepfather were on the verge of divorce, her combustible rage splitting apart the seams of their marriage. I flipped through the book, slipped it into a desk drawer, and never looked at it again.

When I was 20 years old, my mother gave me an illustrated book about sex and masturbation, and said, I hope you have better luck with this than I did.

My mother married again during her early sixties. Her third husband, John, was a former Olympic rower who watched Fox News and collected coupons. He passed away at age 89 during March of this year.

By age 65, my mother said that she wanted two things in life: a full-length mink coat and a face-lift. She managed to get both. I still wonder how this happened as John was the type of man who stole tea bags during the coffee hour after the church service and announced upon his return home, “I brought a present for you, dear.” Later, my mother said more than once during our conversations: They say it’s the golden years. Don’t believe them. It sucks.

When I was in my mid-thirties, I underwent two years of fertility treatments and chose not to tell my mother at the risk of being barraged with unsolicited advice. After Michael and I discontinued treatments with no medical diagnosis, I told my mother what we went through and our decision to stop trying. About six months later, my mom sent me an email. Have you tried this?!!! Don’t give up yet!!

The author as a child in front of the fireplace with her mother. Image: S. Kirk Walsh

There was a link to an article, explaining that if I kept my lower torso and legs elevated for a prolonged period of time after sex that it would improve my chances of getting pregnant. The email made me cry — more for my mother’s sadness and disappointment than my own, that she was still wishing that we could have children even though I was moving beyond my childbearing years. I called my mom and asked her not to send me any more emails about how to get pregnant. I’m never going to be a mother, I said to her. We tried. There is nothing to be done. For a moment, I almost enumerated all that Michael and I went through: the IUIs, the IVFs, the expenses, the disappointments, the lack of diagnosis. But I didn’t. It was still hard for me to understand all that happened. My mother said she was sorry, she wouldn’t bring it up again — and then, we both found an excuse to get off the phone.

“That’s a metaphor, right?” asks the daughter of the father in Paley’s story about his instructions of massaging the heart daily. “Metaphor! No, no, you can do this.”

In October of 2012, my mother suffered a nervous breakdown that landed her in one psychiatric ward after another. During the past six years, she has been a resident and a patient at multiple facilities, and undergone about thirty electroshock treatments. At one point, during all of this, I traveled to Michigan for ten days to help out. To pass the time, my mother and I played cards. It was early March, and the snow was falling. We sat in the living room of her home in a quiet suburb of Detroit. At the time John had been admitted to the hospital again and we were uncertain of when he might be discharged, and I was responsible with staying with my mom until he and his caregivers returned.

The author walking with her mother in the nursing home in Detroit, 2018. Image: S. Kirk Walsh

My mom sat down on the houndstooth loveseat in the television room. One of her feet constantly shook, and her thoughts circled wildly. I can’t do this. I have nowhere to go. Who is going to take care of me? Will you clean me if I soil myself? A blizzard howled into southern Michigan, the snow falling hour upon hour. In the backyard, a bright red cardinal hopped from branch to branch. The evergreen bushes were blanketed. As the steely daylight diminished, I shuffled the cards one more time and dealt another round. We played Gin Rummy for six hours straight on the living-room couch, my mom’s foot shaking, her sad eyes fixed on the fan of cards as she considered her next move. The Postman Always Rings Twice, with Lana Turner and John Garfield, played on the television in the corner, the sound muted. Don’t leave me, my mom said every fifteen minutes. Don’t go.

One of her feet constantly shook, and her thoughts circled wildly. I can’t do this. I have nowhere to go. Who is going to take care of me? Will you clean me if I soil myself?

Since my trip to Haiti, I’ve listened to the Gurganus/Paley podcast many times. The repetition of the story often produces a feeling of solace: the rolling Southern cadence and kindness of Gurganus’s voice, the awkward advice given by the father, how the character can never find the right words, the generous spirit of Paley and her rich storytelling voice. During his discussion with fiction editor Deborah Treisman, Gurganus refers to the story as a kind of “spirit dialogue” between father and daughter. “All of us have lost parents and close friends,” he says. “We have this ideal conversation that we run in our heads, wishing that it could finally transacted exactly the way that we wanted it to. And a part of the gorgeousness of the writing is that we finally get to set down the truth for other people to see and hear.”

My mother now resides in the nursing home in Detroit. Since being admitted, she has not left the facility once, not even for John’s funeral. Her days are mostly spent in bed. Occasionally, she stands up and walks into the hallway, watches television, maybe an old musical, like Singing the Rain, for a few fleeting moments before asking that she be escorted back to her room. A caregiver always assists her when she uses the bathroom. Our phone conversations last anywhere from fifteen seconds to two minutes; my mom is always anxious to get off. I need to go now, she says. Dinner is here — even if it’s not dinnertime.

During my sixteen years of living in New York City, I only saw Grace Paley once in person. Unfortunately, she wasn’t reading at the event. She was a member of the audience for a tribute honoring the poet Stanley Kunitz at Town Hall near Times Square. We were all there for the love of poetry, the love of words, and what words can illuminate during the darkest and the best of times. Poets, such as Marie Howe, Galway Kinnell, Sharon Olds, and Robert Pinsky, talked about the profound effect that Kunitz had on their lives and other poets. Poems were read and recited. Kinnell read “Halley’s Comet,” one of my favorites. The last stanza goes: I’m the boy in the flannel gown / sprawled on this coarse gravel bed / searching the starry sky / waiting for the world to end.

As Paley walked up the aisle, many admirers followed her. It was as if she were a rabbi, a beloved spiritual leader, or a member of the royal family.

After the event, a friend and I spotted Paley in the audience with her head of wiry white hair and playful grin. She wore a long black flowing coat. As she walked up the aisle, many admirers followed her. It was as if she were a rabbi, a beloved spiritual leader, or a member of the royal family. Paley’s five-foot, hunched-over being emanated a halo of goodwill and kindness. Gurganus comments in the podcast, “She was a mother of two and the adopted mother of forty thousand.”

Like most people, I have always sought wisdom and insight. The sources were many: literature, writing teachers, students, children. And now, Grace Paley. The words of that story have stayed with me. Hold your heart with two hands. You must never forget about your heart. It’s a great thing. Be patient. Find joy wherever you can. Love better.

My mother’s conversations exist in a continuous loop. Every time I call her at the nursing home, it’s variations on the same theme: I’m not doing well. I’m so lonely. I’m not going to make it. On some days, I long for the conversations that we used to have when she would ask me if I was safe from the latest tragedy in Texas (the fires in Bastrop, Hurricane Harvey, the church shooting in Sutherland Springs) or why I hadn’t finished my novel yet and when was she going to get to read it. Despite everything, I still long for her phone calls, her voice when it wasn’t saturated by chronic depression and anxiety. I miss the questions, criticisms, and gossip about my three older siblings. I miss the softening in her voice when she asked about my husband, his teaching and students. I miss the colorful holiday cards she used to send me with her signature smiley-face and “I love you” scribbled at the bottom. I miss her being the first person to call me on the morning of my birthday.

“My Father Addresses Me on the Facts of Old Age” was published in The New Yorker when Paley was 80 years old, five years before her death from breast cancer. The last time that Gurganus saw his beloved teacher was during a visit to Duke University. “I got to be with her for three days,” he remembers. “When we said goodbye, we said not goodbye. We just looked at each other for about two and half minutes while smiling. And that was it, that was all we needed to say.”

It was the early afternoon, and my flight from Detroit to Austin was scheduled to depart in a few hours. It was the end of my ten-day visit in March, and I couldn’t wait to leave the confines of my mom’s house. An invisible mold of sickness covered every inch of it. My mom sat on the blue couch in the small windowed sitting room on the second story. I bent down on my knees and trimmed her hardened yellowing toenails. Her skin was dry and calloused. She looked down at me. You and Michael, she said, you have a good marriage, don’t you? A love marriage? For a moment, her voice sounded like a clear bell, a different version of her old self. You’re lucky. Not everyone gets that. She’s right. I know I’m lucky. Twenty years of marriage, and I still feel lucky. Later, I will realize that this is my mother’s version of “Take your heart in your two hands…. You must never forget your heart.” I haven’t forgotten my heart — and somewhere deep inside herself, I don’t think my mother has forgotten hers either.

7 Over-the-Top Comedies that Critique Capitalism

When I was in high school, whenever my mother left the house, this was how she said goodbye: “Be productive!” Another popular expression from my childhood was “make yourself useful,” despite which I did not.

Some people lounge in bed reading cookbooks for dishes they’ll never make, admiring a photo of a bronzed tarte Tatin without needing to actualize it. I enjoy lazy afternoons of reading the websites of time management experts, the blogs of highly productive people, or old paperbacks from thrift stores that tell you how often to vacuum. I especially love books on decluttering, and I settle in to read them in my living room nest of books, papers, coffee mugs, board game pieces, and children’s socks. I recently signed up for a series of emails from the New York Times about how to organize a linen closet.

Purchase the novel

My debut novel, The Glitch, is about someone else who doesn’t vacuum her house, but for entirely different reasons. Shelley is the CEO of a tech company, and she maximizes her productivity by waking at 3:30am, multitasking on the stationary bike, having household staff to shop, drive, clean, cook, and care for her children, and relentlessly applying herself, every moment of the day, to getting things done. Her company makes a device that’s supposed to tell users what they need to be more productive, but the devices are giving out bad information. It’s a lot to manage, even for Shelley. And as with Lucy and Ethel on the chocolate line, humans pitted against the means of production usually lose.

The books below take a daffy but illuminating look at what it’s like to succeed, or fail, within the capitalist machine. They don’t just skewer the inanities of office politics but shine light on the inequities and absurdities of the system. Here are seven funny novels that critique capitalism:

JR by William Gaddis

Dial Elizabeth Holmes back to the age of 11 and you might get JR, a capitalist wunderkind who uses a handkerchief and a single share of stock to build a financial house of cards. (The handkerchief is wrapped around the handset of a pay phone to make JR sound older.) Published in 1975 and written almost entirely in dialogue, JR is a warning about capitalism run amok, including radios that won’t turn off, faucets that won’t stop running, and the challenge of creating art (or anything) among the distractions of modern life.

The Mezzanine by Nicholson Baker

If you’ve ever scrolled through a clickbait listicle on “50 Things Only ’80s Kids Can Understand” or “’Memba This?” and taken joy in the shock of recognizing mundane objects from a lost world, you’ll understand the strange pleasure of Baker’s novel, with its probing examination of ephemera like stapled CVS bags, Jiffy Pop foil, the performance of turning the page in a Page-a-Day calendar, and “a once great shampoo like Prell,” now banished to the drugstore’s bottom shelf. The plot is simple: a man enters a lobby and rides an escalator up one floor to the mezzanine. The action, such as it is, takes place in his head, as he recalls his morning and lunch-hour errands. Ordinary situations take on dramatic scope: for a new hire, “the corporate bathroom is the one place in the whole office where you understand completely what is expected of you.” In its own way a philosophically intense exploration of noticing, this book asks to what do we pay attention and what do we miss?

The Portable Veblen by Elizabeth McKenzie

It’s not just her ramshackle house is at odds with increasingly posh Palo Alto. Veblen Amundsen-Hovda (her first name might be a clue to her anti-materialistic inclinations) is living her own form of counterculture, in her case by an ESP-like connection to a particularly incisive squirrel. Her handsome, affectionate fiancé Paul does not share her love of small mammals, and employs them as test subjects in his brain research — he’s developing a device to treat traumatic brain injuries by punching holes in the cranium. His military-industrial ties and her complicated (which is to say unstable) mother, not to mention their disparate views on squirrels, stress the relationship, in a lively, prickly story that posits, cheerily, that “marriage is a continuous inevitable confrontation that can be resolved only through death.”

The Sellout by Paul Beatty

Among the funniest (and least unprintable) jokes in Paul Beatty’s novel The Sellout are the experiments performed on the narrator by his psychologist father, including in-the-cradle aversion therapy to The Economist. He’s forced to choose between a Harriet Tubman doll or a Ken and Malibu Barbie set. (He chooses the latter, because they have a speedboat and a dune buggy.) After he makes almost every other wrong choice imaginable — including reinstituting slavery and segregation in his Los Angeles suburb — the narrator’s twisted approach to righting the wrongs of racism and exploitative capitalism in America are thrown into sharpest relief when he becomes the plaintiff in Me v. the United States of America and inspires “the Black justice” on the Supreme Court to ask a question for the first time in his career.

Keep the Aspidistra Flying by George Orwell

Is it better to live as a poor poet in “mingy circumstances” or give up on your dreams and write copy for Truweet Breakfast Crisps? This is the dilemma that confronts Gordon Comstock as he counts out his cigarettes and bemoans his lack of funds in this very funny evocation of artistic despair in 1930s London. “Everything costs money,” Gordon complains, even “cleanness, decency, energy, self-respect.” Even (because of his “horribly observant” landlord) privacy with his girlfriend, Rosemary (“It is not easy to make love in a cold climate when you have no money.”) A turn of events forces Gordon to choose between devoting himself to his ambitious poetic work-in-progress, London Pleasures, or the bourgeois security of writing adverts for a product to cure P.P. (Pedic Perspiration, aka smelly feet.)

Better Food for a Better World by Erin McGraw

Three couples, one previously a booker of vaudeville and circus acts, shambolically run a California ice cream shop in this comedy about utopian business and remaking yourself. Set in a town that is “a dot at the east edge of the Sacramento Valley,” the ice cream shop owners are all also members of a strangely doctrinaire marital support group run by the local Unitarian church. It’s a group where old-timers fill in newcomers: “She poured wine onto his computer…she shot his dog.” The emphasis is on openness and priding oneself on one’s ability to change. Despite the couples’ commitment to stability and loyalty to the group (the store’s napkins are printed with messages like “The Boat of Commitment Can Sail Over the Waters of Uncertainty”), the experiment in entrepreneurship-for-good comes up against the tangled reality of fraying marriages, the bottom line, and the problem of pleasing an audience.

Startup by Doree Shafrir

When watching old movies, I often have to remind myself that the shiny oblong objects the characters keep taking out and fondling are cigarette cases, not iPhones. They look surprisingly similar, and like iPhone users, smokers are never at a loss for something to do. In Shafrir’s very funny sendup of tech culture, cigarettes and iPhones — operating via the smoke break and the dick pic — play key plot roles in bringing together characters who would be better off apart. Startup is sharp on the psychological burdens of the modern office: instead of Office Space-style “drudgery” with “zero intellectual or creative fulfillment,” today’s tech-company drudges must do the work while also pretending to love it. The millennials, like Isabel the Engagement Hero, seem to eagerly embrace the startup culture, but Sabrina, a frazzled Park Slope mom (is there any other kind?) struggles to. Rather than seeing a vision of the future, Sabrina regards the employees, with their shared apartments and intertwined social lives, as a contemporary company town, like something out of “the days of Henry Ford.”

Visiting Sephora with Walter Benjamin

I t was around this time last year that I decided to move to Paris for a Masters degree in History and Literature. Upon finding out, my friends and family torpedoed me with questions about how I’d spend my time there — which museums, which bookshops would I take to haunting? Which historical figures would I visit in their graves? Even as I made lists to answer their questions, I knew what I wanted to do more than anything. I wanted to be a flâneur.

The term “flâneur,” meaning “one who wanders without purpose” in its derivation from French, had etymologically been in use since the 16th century. While Pierre Larousse, Louis Huart, Sainte Beuve, and Honore de Balzac had all written about the flâneur in their works, it was in the 20th century that Walter Benjamin, the German philosopher and cultural critic, mythologized the figure in his depictions of 19th-century Parisian life.

Benjamin saw the flâneur in the writings of Charles Baudelaire in Les Fleur du Mal (1857) and The Painter of Modern Life (1863). He recollected the flâneur in his essays and, most famously, in The Arcades Project (1927–1940), the unfinished magnum opus in which he recorded Parisian life entirely through scraps of memories, quotes, and observations. According to Benjamin, the flâneur haunted the arcades of Paris — the hotbed of urban commercial life in the 19th century. This lazy idler would stroll the urban landscape, observe the crowds around him and, by remembering past memories through the sights and smells around him, access a kind of poetic transcendence. As a result, the outside world of arcades and boulevards became the flâneur’s interior — the familiar landscape in which he grasped the essence of modern existence. Benjamin believed that this figure had been created uniquely through the personality of Paris and Parisians.

Having followed this flâneur from my corner in Bangladesh through books and articles for years, I was certain that flânerie would be my real calling upon stepping foot in France. I still am.

But something changed midway through the semester.

The outside world of arcades and boulevards became the flâneur’s interior — the familiar landscape in which he grasped the essence of modern existence.

After a grueling three nights of finishing an assignment, one of the girls and I visited the Sephora at Forum des Halles. We hadn’t really planned to buy anything; we simply walked the aisles and strolled through columns of alphabetically organized cosmetics. We picked up face masks we knew we didn’t need, making our wrists and nails into color palettes. Since then, visiting Sephora has become somewhat of a ritual for every week that we have to study extra hard.

In the late 19th century, the advent of urban development and modern transportation systems triggered an erosion of flânerie in the classic sense. Nearly 200 years later, the public spaces of Paris today are commanded by cars, motorcycles, buses, metro trains and pedestrians all rushing towards a snarling list of appointments, leaving flânerie as the privilege of tourists or of people taking a break from work over weekends. Even for me, as a grad student, certain streets of this city have become tinged with the panic of reaching classes on time, while the unexplored outdoors felt hostile in the winter winds when I first came here. Amidst these social and natural obstacles, just as Walter Benjamin equated the city with the flâneur’s interior in his The Arcades Project, the warm, bustling insides of Sephora became akin to the outdoors for the modern flâneuse in me. Its aisles replaced the Parisian alleys I was waiting to explore in a warmer weather; its counters took place of the ochre buildings I hoped to touch and enter. Its cosmetics, like their perusers, became the milieu that the flâneur observed.

The warm, bustling insides of Sephora became akin to the outdoors for the modern flâneuse in me.

The sections inside a Sephora first seem as labyrinthine as the streets of a foreign city; but they start to make sense as you take note of the labels. The right side of the outer perimeter stocks fragrances, divided alphabetically according to the brand from the back wall outwards. The spread down the left side follows the same pattern with skin-care products like cleansers and moisturizers. Channeling the flâneur’s soul who submerged in the crowd while remaining aloof from it, I snake my way across this exteriorized architecture, recharging myself through the buzzing throngs around me. Just as finding a city street or building requires instinct as much as it needs a knowledge of basic geography, so here I learn that some nail polish shades in the OPI catalogue lie hidden inside the drawers. That Marc Jacobs perfumes, despite the absence of any “J” shelf on the wall, periodically appear on the lower shelves of “K.”

While piecing together the flâneur in The Arcades Project, Benjamin noted how, “The crowd is the veil through which the familiar city is transformed for the flâneur into phantasmagoria.” That last word — “phantasmagoria”—appears recurrently in his description of the flâneur’s cityscape. It derives from the French term “fantasme” and was originally the name of an 1802 London exhibition in which projecting lanterns produced optical illusions. By repeatedly calling the city phantasmagoric, Benjamin implies that the sights the flâneur sees derive a fantastical quality from the lens of their perception. He elaborates how the city also contains “historical shudders” that arouse memories and instructions at the flâneur’s footsteps. Walking through Sephora involves a similar experience.

Sometimes the Most Feminist Thing You Can Do Is Exist as a Woman in Public

The first thing to hit my senses is the scent — a floral, elegantly antiseptic smell that wafts from the crowd of cosmetics into the interior of any branch of Sephora located across the world. The smell, which Benjamin labels as one of the strongest sensory experiences in his essay collection Illuminations (1968), reminds me that I am about to enter a Sephora even before I step in through the doors. By virtue of how scents operate, it takes me back to past visits to other Sephora branches, of shopping trips made fun by the company of now absent friends and family.

As I start looking through the cosmetics on display, their names make deliberate attempts to transport me to a location or experience. Nina Ricci’s “Love in Paris” Eau de Toilette. Bite Beauty’s “Amuse Bouche” lipstick and Kat von D’s “Lolita Obsession” lipstick collection. OPI’s “Fiji” nail polish collection, which promises to recreate the island’s “rich ocean blues and exotic flowers.” These products remind me of how I’ve always wanted to visit an exotic island, try a French hors d’oeuvre like Amuse Bouche, or read Nabokov’s great classic. For others who have experienced these things, they will evoke memories. And thus through the lens of these references, the products at Sephora take on fantastic dimensions through my perception of a past or distant experience through my present, much like the cityscape did for the flâneur.

But alas, I’m forced to face some realities. The part of me that dwells in the past realizes why the romanticized flâneur of 19th-century Paris was unequivocally a man; because a woman strolling unaccompanied through the city in those days was not only unsafe but also likely to be considered a prostitute. It also recalls what Charles Baudelaire, a major depicter of the flâneur, had said about women and cosmetics in The Painter of Modern Life — that maquillage is part and parcel of beauty because it allows women to fulfill their duty of appearing as beautiful as possible for men. The part of me that dwells in the present realizes what it often means for a woman to express too much passion for makeup and cosmetics today. By both men and other women, she is thought of as shallow, vain, unintelligent and, in some cases, of questionable character. The freedom to explore the public space may have seeped into the territories of female experience with time, but this freedom doesn’t seem to have shucked the negative connotations attached to it. Instead, the derogatory labels have become a more deeply entrenched and accepted part of a woman’s experience in the public sphere. One could argue that this, too, harkens back to a key habit of the flâneur—of judging types and categories from faces in the crowd; of deciding on people’s personalities from an over-the-surface observation. It is here that a space like Sephora creates a new kind of flâneur.

The romanticized flâneur of 19th-century Paris was unequivocally a man, because a woman strolling unaccompanied through the city in those days was not only unsafe but also likely to be considered a prostitute.

As I take my recuperative walks through Sephora after submitting a particularly draining assignment, I notice how my hands are covered in ten different shades of lipstick, eye liner, eye shadow, blush, and nail polish, if not swinging a bag of purchased cosmetics. At no point of trying these products on did I or my friends worry about appearing shallow or vain or attractive to a man because of a particular shade of makeup. We played with them for our own fun. This makes me a flâneuse who can not only command her presence in a public space in safety and respect, but one who can also participate in the process of self-decoration for her own enjoyment, not to fulfill a duty to the male gaze.

Finally, I notice the fellow Sephorites around me — a man trying to choose a women’s perfume for someone in his life, each of my friends heading separately towards moisturizers suited for their skin types, or a woman steering clear of the loud, bright nail polish shades that call out my name. It shows me how the admittedly profit-seeking strategies of Sephora’s mass market products also help create a space in which observations and connections are formed on the basis of individual tastes and physical types, which are in turn shaped by individual mental or physiological histories. It is a space given numerous interpretations by what beauty and the experience of shopping means for each individual explorer; a space that welcomes a new kind of flâneuse. Breaking free of the urge to judge and generalize, crushing the age-old demand to decorate a man’s world, this flâneuse who haunts a Sephora deals in the individual and not the collective, in tactile observations over just the visual, in a landscape that serves its female citizens instead of making aesthetic products out of them.

Growing Up and Norming Out

Bounce

Coach Dawson called me Jeff even though my name is Josh. Basketball spoke to me. Its flow and rules against contact. Movement and bounce. The team was good that year. Vance Dalmation, our new starting power forward, was an exchange student. Rumors were that he was in his early thirties. All the female teachers wanted him in their classes, whispering basketball-themed jokes about the handling of balls. I wanted to be the backup point guard, but I set my goals in achievable increments. I was late on puberty. The rest of the team was hairy in ways I wasn’t. I couldn’t compete. I became the manager. Vance liked me. I helped him with geometry, history, and theater homework. The theater director, Mr. Jeffries, was nice to me because I knew Vance and he wanted Vance to star as Julius Caesar. Never mind that Vance could barely read. Whatever. I took the power I could. Pretty girls talked to me, said they wanted to be friends. I wanted more but was afraid, because I wanted to feel like a man but wasn’t. I practiced basketball. Dribbling with my left hand. Fadeaway bank shots. Free throws. Vance came over one night for a sleepover. He made me sleep on the floor. In the morning I found him standing close to my stepmom as she flipped pancakes. A smell hovered in the air that was not blueberries. Today I am an accountant. Vance and I are still friends on Facebook. He’s bald.

Order

We were free that afternoon. A half-day declared on technical grounds we didn’t care about. Virus sweeps and data boosters. The sweaty tech workers who scoffed at our downloads were working under the desks all afternoon. “Down on your hands and knees,” I said to the one with the terrible B.O., loud enough so Sheila could hear. She pinged me back, “Make ‘em fix yo ‘puter doggy style,” not thinking about how the tech guy might look at my screen. That laugh I have that I can’t control and is too loud started. I said, “Guess I better start my weekend now.” We decided on the tackiest drinks from the lamest bar-restaurant-cantina-nightspot within a four-expressway radius. Sheila said I want something with blue rum in it “by the end of business hours” in our manager’s voice. Taco Murphy’s had outdoor seating. We kept telling the waiter, a community college student with huge hands and pokey badger hair, that we needed things “ASAP!” We were intentionally loud. The parking lot filled up. Men in loose suits poured in. I said, “How many drinks would it take to sleep with attorneys?” Sheila said, “They’ll make you sign something first.” I ordered another pitcher, saying “pronto.” We played the hypothetical game where we’re trapped on an office-shaped island and forced to repopulate. I hated my job so much, but I never wanted to quit, because I never wanted to risk not having Sheila to hate something with.

About the Author

Jason Porter writes fiction. His first novel, Why Are You So Sad?, was published by Plume. He is currently hard at work on a collection of 250 stories all precisely 250 words in length. To document this endeavor he has started a podcast, Grownups Are Lucky, where you can hear him read these small constructions, including the two stories featured here in The Commuter. To subscribe visit www.thejasonporter.com/grownups or any of your reputable podcast wholesalers.

About the Illustrator

Sara Lautman is a cartoonist, illustrator, and editor in Baltimore. Her work has been published in The New Yorker, Playboy, Mad, Jezebel, The Paris Review, The Pitchfork Review and The Awl, and more can be found on her blog, saralautman.com.

“Bounce” and “Order” are published here by permission of the author, Jason Porter. Copyright © Jason Porter 2018. All rights reserved.