The 9 Weirdest Naps in Literature

Listen, we’re all tired, pretty much all the time. But is it really safe to nod off? For you, probably yes, but for the characters in these nine novels and stories, definitely not. Some of them awaken from a deep slumber to discover that decades (even centuries) have passed and that the world they knew no longer exists. For others, it’s the opposite—it turns out they’ve been dreaming all along. And sometimes, they just wake up covered in tiny men. Before you snooze, read up on all the ways naps can go really, really weird. And then, good luck getting to sleep!

The Sandman by Neil Gaiman

This whole comic series is about sleep—the main character is Morpheus, the Lord of Dreams (not the guy from The Matrix). But one nap stands out as particularly chilling. Morpheus punishes one of his enemies by cursing him with “eternal waking.” From the outside, the man is in a coma-like permanent sleep. But inside his head, he’s constantly waking from a horrible nightmare—into an even more horrible nightmare. People who cross the Lord of Dreams don’t often sleep well.

Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift

Gulliver, a failed English surgeon, takes to the sea to find his fortune, only to find himself shipwrecked after getting caught in a storm. He swims to a nearby island, passes out from exhaustion and awakens when the island’s six-inch-tall inhabitants tie him up with miniature ropes. If you think it sucks waking up with the couch pattern imprinted on your face, imagine waking up with your hair staked to the ground and a tiny man standing on your chest.

Rip Van Winkle by Washington Irving

Perhaps the canonical Weird Nap in Literature. Rip Van Winkle is a lazy Dutch colonial villager in the Catskills who wants nothing more than enjoy some alone time away from his nagging wife. He runs away to the mountain and bumps into some mysterious bearded men who offer him a drink. He drinks some of their gin, falls fast asleep, and wakes up… twenty years later. PSA: Never accept alcohol from a green dwarf with glowing eyes.

The Sleeping Beauty by Charles Perrault

An evil fairy feels snubbed that the King and Queen forgot to invite her to the royal christening, so she shows up uninvited anyways. To make matters worse, her meal is served on plain old china while the other silly fairies, not even half as senior as her, get gold plates. Rude, much? So the evil fairy has to curse the baby princess to prick her finger on a spindle and fall into a deep slumber for 100 years until a prince’s kiss awakens her. The evil fairy really didn’t want to be the bad guy, but she had her reputation to protect, after all.

Alice’s Adventures In Wonderland by Lewis Carroll

Alice was sitting by the river with her sister, bored to tears with nothing to do, when suddenly a White Rabbit with a pocket watch appeared and “down the rabbit hole” she went. She falls into a surreal world inhabited by a chain-smoking Caterpillar, an invisible Cheshire Cat, a Mad Hatter hosting a tea party and other eccentric talking animals. Just as a hysterical Queen of Hearts orders the girl to be decapitated, her sister rouses Alice from her sleep, leaving a confused Alice wondering if her adventures were real or just a dream.

Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare

Juliet follows some bad advice from a well-meaning friar and becomes convinces that the best way to reunited with her lover is to drink a potion that induces a death-like sleep. A distraught Romeo finds his sweetheart interred in the family crypt and consumes real poison. Juliet finally wakes up, all refreshed and well-rested, only to find her beloved’s lifeless body. Damn, so much for that plan. Juliet then dramatically stabs herself with Romeo’s dagger. Everyone dies, the end.

Before I Go to Sleep by S.J. Watson

Christine Lucas wakes up every day in an unfamiliar house next a strange man who insists that he is her husband. She suffers from anterograde amnesia and her daily memories are erased in her sleep. Unsettled, Christine tries to piece together the 20-year gap in her memory with the help of a diary and her therapist.

Sleeping Beauties by Stephen King and Owen King

The women in a small Maine town fall asleep and don’t wake up (probably because of boredom and lack of stimulating activities), instead growing giant tendrils of cocoons. The men in the town try to destroy the cocoons which of course turns the sleeping women into homicidal zombies. They should have attached a Do-No-Disturb: Dangerous Sleepwalker sign.

Dawn by Octavia Butler

Two hundred fifty years after a nuclear war that devastates the earth, Lilith lyapo awakens from a deep sleep. She is one of the last human survivors, held captive aboard a spaceship by strange beings who offer to make her world inhabitable again. But of course there is a catch: The aliens have rescued (wo)mankind in order to make little tentacled babies with their human captives.

Wednesday Addams is Just Another Settler

Thanksgiving is upon us, so it’s time for the internet to celebrate that video clip of Wednesday Addams in a beaded headband. “How! I am Pocahontas, a Chippewa maiden,” she says through a forced smile in the 1993 film Addams Family Values. Wednesday (Christina Ricci), my goth ancestor, has been sentenced to a summer of wholesome outdoors activity at Camp Chippewa, but she reviles the camp and its sun-soaked golden children. As a self-defined outcast and hater of fun, she chooses the camp’s pageant as the site of her rebellion, going off script with a monologue:

You have taken the land which is rightfully ours. Years from now, my people will be forced to live in mobile homes on reservations. Your people will wear cardigans and drink highballs. We will sell our bracelets by the roadsides. You will play golf and enjoy hot hors d’oeuvres. My people will have pain and degradation. Your people will have stick shifts. The gods of my tribe have spoken. They have said, “Do not trust the pilgrims, especially Sarah Miller.”

This clip’s Facebook rounds used to be one of the things I liked about Thanksgiving. I, too, am the “little brunette outcast,” knife-eyed and long-haired, seen only in dresses black as bat wings even through summer. I, like Wednesday, do not trust the Pilgrims. Smug in my embrace of the macabre and hoping to grow up to be Morticia, I paint my lips red as a guillotine’s blade. I’m the kind of girl who flirts by asking, as Wednesday says to her love interest while they stare across a skeleton’s ribcage, “Do you believe in the existence of evil?”

But Wednesday Addams is a settler. I can only trust her if she gives me reason to. This year, I will not celebrate her monologue.

In Addams Family Values, loving parents Morticia and Gomez send Wednesday and her brother Pugsley away to summer camp at the recommendation of the homicidal nanny, who seeks to shuttle off the precocious children to a place where they won’t interfere with her plot to marry and kill Uncle Fester. The camp scenes were filmed in California, far from the New Jersey lake community where I grew up, but the locations look alike. Though at my lake, there was nothing like Camp Chippewa, “America’s foremost facility for privileged young adults.” There was a cluster of mobile homes by the shore, across the road from the swamp. There was a restaurant (now vacant), a bar (collapsed, I think), and a general store (bulldozed).

Wednesday Addams is a settler. I can only trust her if she gives me reason to.

The location of the Addams family’s mansion isn’t specified in the film, but in creating the original cartoons, Charles Addams drew inspiration from his hometown of Westfield, an hour’s drive from my lake. The television series places the mansion adjacent to a cemetery and a swamp. Near my parents’ house, the swamp is supposedly full of ghosts, but I wouldn’t know, because it’s also full of bears and West Nile virus-carrying mosquitos. Far beneath the winding road lined with houses that belonged to the city businesspeople who brought their white vinyl siding into our woods, the swamp always seemed to be the last place colonization hadn’t reached.

Last November at Standing Rock, four days before Thanksgiving, South Dakota law enforcement attacked water protectors with rubber bullets, tear gas, concussion grenades, and high-velocity blasts from water cannons and streams from hoses. The temperature was in the 20s; seventeen people were taken to the hospital for hypothermia treatment. A non-Native woman was hit by a concussion grenade that night. It nearly blew off her arm. She didn’t lose her limb, but the hand still has no feeling.

About a month earlier, Hillary Clinton’s director of coalitions press Xochitl Hinojosa released a statement:

We received a letter today from representatives of the tribes protesting the construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline. From the beginning of this campaign, Secretary Clinton has been clear that she thinks all voices should be heard and all views considered in federal infrastructure projects. Now, all of the parties involved — including the federal government, the pipeline company and contractors, the state of North Dakota, and the tribes — need to find a path forward that serves the broadest public interest. As that happens, it’s important that on the ground in North Dakota, everyone respects demonstrators’ rights to protest peacefully, and workers’ rights to do their jobs safely.

I declined Thanksgiving invitations so I could spend the day alone in avoidance of football, gluten, and turkey smells that cling to my long hair, instead refreshing Facebook for updates from my friends who had traveled to Standing Rock for the long weekend. How do I talk to my family about politics at Thanksgiving? the internet kept asking itself. While militarized police kept their guns pointed at people without weapons, Hillary Clinton tweeted, “Hoping everyone has a safe & Happy Thanksgiving today, & quality time with family & friends,” and I spoke to no one. I was like Wednesday, refusing to be hugged. It didn’t feel right, but it felt safe enough.

It’s been a decade since I spent a Thanksgiving with my parents. After I moved to the West Coast, the holiday wasn’t important enough to me to justify the expense of a cross-country flight. For the last ten years, I’ve spent Thanksgiving with friends or relatives or alone. I’ve never liked Thanksgiving and for a while, I couldn’t figure out why: I like and love my family and I like to eat. I decided it was the football, or the years of packing my body with stuffing while suffering from undiagnosed celiac disease, or the anxiety, later, of trying to avoid both gluten and the anxious shame of making others think about it. Really, though, I’m uncomfortable committing to a six-hour stretch spent with other people (even those I’m fond of), no activity planned but eating, no hiding place for me to retreat to, and no way to silence the mean critic in my head who begins analyzing my words at the two-hour mark. I dread any event that fits this description. Thanksgiving is only different because my Nativeness has let me get away with hating it.

I dread any event that fits this description. Thanksgiving is only different because my Nativeness has let me get away with hating it.

When Wednesday and Pugsley arrive at Camp Chippewa, directors Gary and Becky introduce themselves to the campers and their families. “We’re all here to learn, to grow, and to just plain have fun,” Becky says. “Because that’s what being privileged is all about!” Gary adds. Everyone applauds but Wednesday, who drinks from a bottle of poison.

Later, the children receive bows and arrows, line up, and take turns at the target. Pugsley aims at the sky. A bird falls dead to the ground. “It’s an American bald eagle,” Becky laments. “But aren’t they extinct?” Gary asks. Wednesday says, “They are now.”

Addams Family Values opens with Fester howling lonesome at the moon and ends with Wednesday telling her love interest, “If I wanted to kill my husband, I’d do it, and I wouldn’t get caught.” He wants to know how. “I’d scare him to death,” she says.

I am neither Wednesday nor Fester. I am not the grim girl with her own guillotine, not the unsmiling camper who would let the blonde girl drown. Neither am I the old ghoul who wants a companion so badly he clings to the woman who tries to electrocute him in the bath. But I am a loner and a weirdo. Even in our kindergarten Thanksgiving celebration, for which I was assigned a construction paper feathered headband that signified my affiliation with the half of the class playing the Indians, I didn’t belong, because I was going to be Native the next day, too, and every one after, while they were going to forget we’d even played this game.

On Facebook, a few days after last Thanksgiving, Alicia Smith wrote,

White people are colonizing the camps. I mean that seriously. Plymouth rock seriously. They are coming in, taking food, clothing and occupying space without any desire to participate in camp maintenance and without respect of tribal protocols.

These people are treating it like it is Burning Man or The Rainbow Gathering and I even witnessed several wandering in and out of camps comparing it to those festivals.

Two months earlier, Jen Deerinwater wrote, “We need allies, not patronizing people with a God complex who drown out our voices by further colonizing our spaces.”

White friends texted me questions about Standing Rock, and I Googled the answers that hoped would make up for the fact that when they asked me whether I was going there, I had to say that I wasn’t. I had a job and too many PTSD triggers, like cops and shouting. “I can’t,” I kept saying, by which I meant that I wouldn’t, because my own needs lived in my body, and everyone else’s were on the other side of some moat I chose not to cross.

At the end of Wednesday’s Thanksgiving speech, she says, “I have decided to scalp you and burn your village to the ground.” Her fellow misfits proceed with the latter. They torch the set and rope the blonde nemesis to a stake at which she’ll be burned. Wednesday, smug as a pardoned turkey, strikes a match.

I didn’t belong, because I was going to be Native the next day, too, and every one after.

After the pageant, having proven themselves the outcasts, through with their revenge and accountable to no one and no place, Wednesday and Pugsley go home. The buildings are still on fire, but someone else will watch them burn.

When I graduated from the University of Washington in 2009, I was invited to Raven’s Feast, an annual salmon dinner honoring all Native graduates. Not wanting to take up space at one of the banquet tables, I stood by the doors and ate salmon and cake from a precarious paper plate while faculty members called the graduates’ names. At the mic, I couldn’t find the words of gratitude the other students so easily expressed. I was grateful to my family, but I hadn’t thought to invite them.

The next year, by then a university office assistant, I went to Raven’s Feast to help. I liked being at the edge of the room, quiet in my apron, taking direction on how much wild rice to scoop onto plates. I stayed on to work for the university through seven more Raven’s Feasts. My colleagues and I made massive Costco runs and triple-checked sheet cake specs. We assembled massive bowls of salad. We smiled at graduates and their families while making sure everyone’s serving of salad had at least one cherry tomato. Over time, returning to the same tasks, I saw myself changing. I wanted to help and I wanted to belong. I was growing out of isolation.

Non-Native people have asked me, How many gods do you believe in? None, exactly. I believe in as many spirits as there are animate and inanimate beings. There are no gods to tell me who to trust, only people who tell me how to stop hiding in dread and how to stay close to the other beings who will protect me from evil.

There are no gods to tell me who to trust, only people who tell me how to stop hiding in dread.

As I stepped into the kitchen during my final Raven’s Feast, a colleague handed me a small, burning hot piece of salmon belly, straight from the fire. The belly is my favorite part. The salmon promised my ancestors that we could count on their sustenance. Every spring, my tribe holds its First Salmon Ceremony to show reverence to the salmon that have agreed to feed us. Each of us takes a small piece of cooked flesh and gives thanks for it.

After my last Raven’s Feast, I went home and wept. In a room of hundreds of Native students and relatives, I’d felt at ease, and I wanted to belong there forever. I cried into hands that smelled like salmon, even though I thought I was alone.

This Thanksgiving, Ivanka Trump suggests we solve the problem of Thanksgiving table decorations by filling an oversized clamshell with small pumpkins, pinecones, and brambles. Daniel Kibblesmith tweets, “FILL A GIANT CLAM WITH GARBAGE FROM THE WOODS YOU ARE THE GARBAGE GOD NOW.” This Thanksgiving, having moved a day’s drive from the lake, I will be with my parents and my grandma. No one will enforce festivity through the use of an overwrought centerpiece. We will eat my favorite dessert salad and tell each other the stories of our lives: theirs before I was born, everyone’s in the months we’ve been apart. That is the belonging I want. The gods of my tribe, if that’s what they are, have spoken since the beginning of time. I don’t know what they said but I do not believe they wanted us to be alone. I’m trying.

Mother-Daughter Relations and Other Horror Stories

“If My Mother Was the Final Girl”

by Michelle Ross

“…in the end, bloody and staggering, she finds the highway.” — Carol Clover

My mother’s laugh echoes. It’s Disney sinister, like a witch peeping her head into the magic cauldron to see that the hawks’ beaks and chickens’ hearts are brewing as they should.

Her face is buried inside a humidifier-like contraption, which sits on the coffee table like an altar. What I see is a large plastic box topped with curly, frosted hair.

I’m watching a program in which a psychic helps people communicate with their dead relatives. I don’t laugh along with my mother, though I too am skeptical.

It’s New Year’s Eve, and I’m waiting for the microwave to beep. We were supposed to go out for dinner, but my mother has one of her headaches. It’s her sinuses that are the problem. They’re always blocked.

These headaches make her lose her appetite. They’re so bad sometimes that she doesn’t move for hours. She lies on the couch, and closed, her eyes look more pained than when open. It’s like she’s trying to push the headache out through her forehead, like pushing out a baby.

The contraption her face has disappeared into is new to my mother’s collection of headache helpers. There’s the rice bag that she heats in the microwave and wraps around her neck. There’s the eye patch filled with a green liquid. There’s the headband with magnets stitched into it. And the dish that she heats and fills with therapeutic oils that are supposed to open her breathing passages and relax her muscles.

These things help a little, but never enough. She’s looking for the invention that takes her headaches away forever. She’ll collect every gadget she can get her hands on until she finds it, even if it means she can open up her own museum.

She discovered most of these products on television. Half the contents of our apartment, from kitchen gadgets to electric wall art, are wonders she saw demonstrated on television. I hate that. I think it’s tacky, and I’ve told her so.

I’m lucky I don’t have an apartment of my own, according to my mother. She knows a woman who put her fifteen-year-old daughter up in her own apartment because they couldn’t stand the sight of each other. There are days when my mother swears that if she had the money she’d do the same thing. In another year I’ll be eighteen, old enough for her to kick me out legally. She’s made note of this fact on a number of occasions.

The one thing my mother and I share is a love for slasher films. When the first girl gets hacked up or sawed in half or stabbed in the breast, my mother says, “Now there’s real life for you.” And I glance at her sideways and think, you can say that again.

What you have to understand if you’re going to appreciate slasher films is that one, there is slasher etiquette; and two, the killer and the final girl are inextricably linked. The chief rule in slasher etiquette is that you laugh at neither of them.

What can you laugh at? The teenagers who decide it’s a good idea to have sex in the woods. Bimbo victims who slip and fall as they’re running away in high heels. Or very sad, pathetic attempts at killing, like shrunken old grandpa in The Texas Chain Saw Massacre, but there is always pain behind that laughter.

And the final girl? The killer? They’re nearly one and the same. They’re the two characters you can’t help but identify with. When the final girl is hiding in a closet that the killer is trying to break open, you’re in there with her as his knife slashes through each wooden slat. Her too-loud breathing is yours.

But you’re also out there with him as he approaches that door. You understand his rage, his desperation. You remember when he too was intruded upon, attacked — when someone broke into his house and screamed at him. He is as scared as she is. Fear and violence reproduce themselves. Or at the very least there’s the trauma that lasts forever and ever. And so you know that at the end when the final girl escapes, she hasn’t really. She’s bound to the killer in a way that the truck she jumps in back of can’t save her from. She will take the killer with her wherever she goes. She will never not be afraid. She will never not be angry. And this neverendingness will wear her out. It will ruin her. And she knows it. But there’s nothing she can do about it.

New Year’s morning my mother says she has to get out of this apartment before it kills her. She gives me an accusatory look, as if I have held her here against her will. It’s not worth mentioning that we didn’t leave the apartment yesterday because of her headache. I ended up taking NyQuil and going to bed at eleven. I’m as stifled by this space as she is.

“You coming?” she asks.

It’s bleak out there too. The sky is a sickly yellow. It’s the color that’s left when a bug dies on a windshield. The color of a sharp blow to the head.

The snow is two weeks old, and anything but clean. It’s the kind of weather people disappear in. I want to turn myself inside out, wring, and start over.

“Why not?” I tell her.

At the casino, she takes out forty dollars for herself before handing her wallet to me.

“If I ask for more money, don’t let me have it. Forty’s my limit. If I can’t win with forty, then it’s just not meant to be.”

I’m not old enough to gamble, not that I would anyway, so that means I sit in the buffet and read. Mostly the food is bland, but it’s hard to go wrong with ice cream and all the toppings you want. I have bowl after bowl until I feel ill. My waiter, who wears the requisite New Year’s star-spangled hat, gives me a packet of antacids with the check. He tells me his name is Julian, and he wants to know if I’ll be there this evening for the New Year’s Day party. They’re going to have a band and champagne and dancing.

“All the works,” he says.

When my mother is empty-handed, she collapses onto the chair across from me.

“You know the next nickel that goes into that machine is going to win,” she says.

“Mmm,” I say.

She doesn’t ask me for her wallet, but she muses aloud as to whether she should play just twenty more dollars’ worth. I am silent, which only irritates her further. She told me once that when I don’t say anything I seem like even more of a snob than when I do.

What I know about my mother’s childhood amounts to a smattering of abstractions about her mother, my grandmother: that she was an alcoholic, a chain smoker, a depressive, that she cheated on my mother’s father, and that she was abusive. I learned long ago not to ask for details. My mother shields herself from her memories as though defending against a sharp instrument, withdrawing into her bedroom for days at a time.

This is what I imagine:

My four-year-old mother finds a dying bird lying on hot concrete. Its wings and legs must be broken because it just lies there, flopping like a fish out of water. My mother, transfixed by it, watches until it makes its last flop. Then she pokes the bird’s feathers with her fingertip; already her nails are bitten to nubs. When the bird doesn’t move, she picks it up, one hand for its body, one to hold its head. To save the stiff, soft body from the sun, she brings it in to her mother, who is taking a bath.

Her mother’s body looks unusually large and curvy, magnified by the water’s surface. There is a hardness about her too. She is a sunken gourd, the hollow inside swollen with water. Her knees peek through the surface, two bony turtles’ shells.

What’s most striking is her hair, the yellowest yellow you ever saw. Really her hair is darker like mine and my mother’s. Years of nicotine have created this baby-doll, too-bright yellow.

When my mother brings her the bird, her palm opened for her mother to see, what she has in mind is to lay the bird body along the porcelain edge of the tub, like an offering. But before she can place it there, her mother splashes her and the bird and tells her to get out of the house.

“You have no sense,” she yells.

My mother hides the bird under an empty, upside-down flower pot for later because her mother is already calling after her again. Naked except for a frayed lime-green towel around her middle, her mother knocks her on the head several times, each one harder, and tells her to scrub her hands.

“Thick, thick skull,” she says. “Nothing but bone in there.”

Minutes later, her mother emerges from her bedroom in a bright orange sleeveless dress, low cut in the front, a red scarf wrapped around her still-damp hair. My mother thinks she looks like an angry vegetable.

“Get your shoes on,” her mother says, wrapping a pecan roll in brown paper and giving it to my mother to carry. This is when my mother is the youngest child, and her siblings are all in school.

My mother trails behind watching the orange skirt hem fall behind and catch up with round, pink calves. Her mother does not ask her to hold her hand. She doesn’t turn around to see if she is still there.

When they get to the man’s house, my mother is left alone on a scratchy sofa. Her mother throws her arms around the man’s neck, and he all but drags her away, a bag of stolen goods that must be quickly hidden. My mother stares at a painting of an owl on a tree limb.

I return home from school to find The Texas Chain Saw Massacre on the kitchen counter, a fresh bottle of vodka next to it. Texas Chain Saw is our favorite. It’s the triple chocolate truffle of slasher films. When the Sawyer men place the hammer into shrunken old corpse-looking grandpa’s hand and he keeps missing Sally’s head, dropping the hammer like it was a pencil, you just can’t help but smile. I mean it hurts so bad that if you don’t smile, you’ll cry.

Slasher films mean one of two things, either a really good day or a really bad day. Most often it’s the latter.

“Know that Colleen woman I told you about?” my mother says when she comes out of the bathroom in her robe. The skin under her eyes is yellow. Her sinuses.

“Who?” I say.

“I came back from lunch today with a slice of cheesecake, and she had the nerve to roll her eyes at me. She said that I sure ate a lot and that there’s just no possible way someone could eat so much and stay so small. I swear to you she was trying to say I must have one of those eating disorders, bulimia or something, or else I’d be fat like her and the rest of them in there. All of them are just plain jealous of me because I’m not fat. They’re all just a bunch of miserable old cows.”

“You’re just the belle of the ball, Mom,” I say. “Everyone knows it’s lonely at the top.”

“I just can’t stand a single one of them. They’re all so mean and hateful. It’s hard to believe people can be so terrible.” She rubs a purple towel against her hair.

“Not so hard,” I say. I unscrew the top off the vodka, get a bottle of tonic from the pantry, and set out two glasses. I put three ice cubes in each, fill them half way up with vodka, the rest tonic.

I pass her a glass.

“I worked hard to be where I am. I took night classes while working full-time and raising you, and all by myself.”

“I know,” I say. I show her a pizza from the freezer and wait for a nod, which she gives.

We put in Texas Chain Saw and each curl up in our own blankets at opposite ends of the couch. A few times our feet accidentally touch through the blankets, and we bounce off each other. We’re like mollusks or clams or conches. We like being sucked up inside ourselves, safe in our own salty warmth.

I saw the house she grew up in just once. This was also the only time I ever saw my grandparents. My mother took me to visit them the Christmas before her father died. They’d found cancer in three different places in his body, so I guess she wanted to see him one last time.

The living room was like a place deep under the ground. Whenever I thought about being buried alive, usually I thought no oxygen, bones desperate for space, and the worst kind of aloneness you could imagine. But being buried alive with other people, your family, and the smell of them as they suck up oxygen that could have been yours: that was worse.

Three scrawny, hairless dogs were piled on top of each other in a round bed next to the television. The house smelled like hairless dog skin.

The rest of the house was closed doors with thick, mottled glass, so that all I could see were faint shadows. There was almost no light in the house except for in the kitchen.

My grandmother’s hair was thin and yellow and half-hidden under a pale blue scarf. Her face seemed yellow too, and I could barely understand what she said. I remember that I asked my mother later whether my grandmother was from another country.

My mother said, “You can’t understand her because she’s smoked cigarettes her whole life. She’s lucky she can make sounds at all.”

The kitchen table, which was nothing more than a large card table, the kind my mother would erect so that we could put together a puzzle, was covered with sweets my grandmother had made. Metal pans were arranged like a mosaic. There were brownies, oatmeal cookies, butter cookies, a cake with cherries and marzipan, and fudge, peanut butter and chocolate. She pushed the pans toward me, and I hesitated. I knew the story of Hansel and Gretel. Maybe my grandmother wouldn’t try to fatten me up to eat me, but something bad would surely happen. If I put those gruesome sweets into my mouth, my hair would fall out or I’d turn a dull, sickly green.

My mother didn’t touch the food, so I felt I had to. I felt sorry for this woman, my grandmother, who seemed so small and whom my mother didn’t touch or smile at. But I was afraid of her too. My mother wouldn’t treat her that way unless she’d done something awful. My mother held her father’s hand. She asked him if he was taking care of himself. She brought him packages of summer sausage and a cheese log. She wasn’t a bad daughter.

“I’m sure going to eat good,” he said.

Before we left, my grandmother stood and lifted a cardboard box from the top of the refrigerator. She handed it to me, and I noticed that her nails were bitten down like my mother’s. She said, “Merry Christmas,” and I looked at my mother.

“Go ahead,” she said, so I opened the box to find a little book with a faded orange cover, the spine barely holding on. It was called Bitsy the Spider.

“It was your mother’s. I found it in the hall closet,” my grandmother said.

In the car on the way home, my mother asked me if I really wanted to keep that old torn-up book. “We could go to the bookstore. I’ll get you some nice, new books. I’ll get you whatever you want.”

“I want to keep it because it was yours,” I said.

My mothers’ dark blonde hair was tucked behind her ears, and her lips were pulled tight. She looked fierce, like she was going to tear up the road.

It’s a Friday night, and though we’ve hardly spoken all week, my mother comes home with a large gold plastic bag.

I’m making tea when she enters the door. She smiles at me.

“I got you a present,” she says.

“A present? What for?”

She gives me a look that asks why I’m not playing along.

Earlier in the week I developed a rash on my stomach, and when I told her I was worried about it and wanted to see a doctor, she told me it was nothing and that it would go away.

“I don’t think so,” I said.

She said I was a hypochondriac — this from my mother, who is sick all the time.

I went to the doctor on my own, and it turned out I had scarlet fever. Within a couple of days, the rash covered most of my legs and arms and chest. They weren’t little spots like hives. My rash was like a puddle of purple ink, spilled all over my body. I looked like a burn victim.

It was thirty degrees outside, but I walked around the house in shorts and a tank top, not just because I was burning up half the time, but because I wanted my mother to see my skin, to see what she had called hypochondria.

For three days I was in so much pain I couldn’t sleep. No over-the-counter pain medication would do the job.

She hasn’t said a thing to me, though. What she did was yesterday she brought home a bag full of soup packets.

Now there’s this gold bag.

“Open it up,” she says.

I’m scared to look. My mother’s gifts are always disappointing, if not downright depressing. Inside the bag are two plain white boxes, and I lift the lids to find two wigs. Both are long and straight, but one is red and the other is blonde, a good deal lighter than mine or my mother’s hair.

“You pick whichever one you want,” she says.

“And you’re keeping the other?” I say.

“That’s what I was thinking, but if you want both of them, that’s okay. Try one on.”

“I don’t know,” I say.

“Come on. Put one on.”

“Did they cost a lot?” I ask. This always makes her angry, but I hate to think of money wasted.

“No,” she snaps. “They were a bargain. Why don’t you try the red one?”

I lift the red wig from its box. It’s longer than I realized, and it’s the color of cinnamon. My hair is already up in a bun, so I slip it over my head. I haven’t a clue how to do this. My mother adjusts it for me. She’s grinning from ear to ear.

“Look in the bathroom mirror,” she almost whispers.

I look like a stranger. The wig must be a pretty good one because I think that if I didn’t know better, I wouldn’t know it was a fake. I imagine myself running through the aisle of a drug store, knocking bottles from shelves. My lipstick is smeared across my cheek, and I am singing at the top of my lungs.

“I was thinking Sally,” my mother says. She doesn’t have to say Texas Chain Saw. There is no other Sally.

“But Sally is blonde,” I say.

“I don’t know. It’s long and straight like hers. You could try the other one. It’s blonde.”

“But why should I want to be Sally?” I ask.

My mother cannot answer me. She is quiet, and then she says, “I’m so sick and tired of your mouth. I try to do something nice for you, and this is what I get.”

“I like it,” I say, and I think that perhaps I’m telling the truth. This girl fits my mood. I feel malicious. “It’s pretty. It fits real well. Why don’t you put yours on?”

“They’d both look better on you,” she says, still agitated. “You keep them both.”

“No,” I say. “You always do that. I want you to put the other one on. It’s yours.”

“No, no.”

“Yes. I’ll help you.”

I pin back her hair with a handful of bobby pins. I feel cruel somehow, my hands in her hair like this. Her hair is dry and brittle from years of coloring. The bobby pins give her the look of a woman who hangs out in laundromats, smoking cigarettes and coughing. My mother has never smoked a cigarette in her life, yet she has aged like a smoker. Stress has laid its hand on her. I set the blonde wig down upon her head. I pull and tug until it seems snug. She was right. It doesn’t look good on her. The blonde is too blonde.

“Look at you. Now there’s a Sally if I ever saw one,” I say.

“It’s heavy,” she says.

“Yes, I know,” I say.

“Do you think people get used to it?” she asks. She is running her fingers through the strands. It hurts me to see her do this.

“Somehow I don’t think so,” I say.

When I won a couple of awards at my junior high commencement, my mother told me she was proud of me. Then she told me I was lucky that I had someone who was proud of me. She said she never had that.

“It’s not like your mother wanted you to fail,” I said. I didn’t believe then that a parent could intentionally hurt her child. It’s not that I never felt hurt by my mother. It’s just that I believed she wanted the best for me. I never had anyone to compare us to. I didn’t have anyone but my mother.

“She told me I was worthless,” my mother said.

“She didn’t use that word,” I said.

“She used that very word. She said terrible, mean things to me. You can’t begin to imagine how terrible a mother can be to her own children. You’re lucky. You have a good mother who works hard for you, and who loves you.”

And I remember thinking, but what about all the times she called me a jerk? If it’s terrible to call your child worthless, is jerk harmless?

And once my mother called me a “fucking bastard,” but that was an accident. My mother almost never swears. She believes that swearing is one of the surest ways to tell if someone’s trashy. On the rare occasions when I’ve let foul words slip out of my mouth, my mother has let me know in no uncertain terms that talk like that will hold me back from everything worth wanting in life. Goodbye good job, goodbye respect, goodbye boyfriend or husband.

“I just want you to have a good life. My mother never did care what became of me,” she said.

And I thought, what about her brothers and sisters? There are six of them. As far as I understand, they are all still in contact, with each other and her mother. It’s my mother who left. She’s the only one who ran away and never went back. She’s the only one who escaped.

So, is she the only victim? Or the only survivor?

After putting on the wigs, we get drunker than we ever have before. Usually, we have just one or two vodka tonics, just enough to make us warm and tipsy. And even that is rare, maybe once or twice a month. My mother is adamant that we don’t “overdo it.” This is so we don’t become like her mother. If I start to pour more than two drinks, she tells me that I better not become an alcoholic. “It’s in your blood. Don’t let it out,” she’ll say.

But in these wigs, we are not ourselves; or maybe we are more ourselves than ever. We drink, and we drink. We end up sitting on the apartment balcony, which is barely large enough for two chairs and the terra cotta flower pot containing only hardened clods of dirt and snow. The chairs are covered in snow too, so we brush it off with our bare hands. I’ve changed into sweatpants and a sweater. I can no longer feel the aches in my tired, fever-ridden body. The vodka has numbed me. Instead I feel a dull throb in my head. My head is a dancer in a deranged music box. It spins and spins.

My mother holds the bottle of vodka in one hand, her glass in the other. She is slumped back, but her gaze is focused. In the long, too-blonde wig, she looks like a puppet or a mannequin.

“I can’t imagine how you could be more different from me. That’s the problem. We’re just so different,” my mother says.

She isn’t looking at me. She’s looking at the porch opposite ours. It’s strung with red Christmas lights, and the chairs are turned upside down to keep the snow off the seats.

She’s got it all wrong, I think. We are the same, she and I. We are nearly identically flawed. And that’s usually what I fear and hate the most. But for this one night, I love it all.

“Oh, Mom,” I say. I’m giddy. “You’re so silly. We’re not different. We can’t talk, and we can’t say sorry and love and — ”

“You don’t even know how different,” she says.

My knee bumps into hers, and she shifts in her seat.

“My head hurts,” she says. She sets down the vodka and rubs her temples.

“Let’s just say it all. Please. Let’s say everything,” I say.

“I’m going to bed,” she says sharply.

Oh God, all I want is for her to hold me. I want to tuck myself into her stomach and neck. And she could touch my hair and kiss my forehead and eyelids. I want to smell the salt on her. But none of this is going to happen.

She stands and fumbles with the sliding glass door. In the reflection, she is a dark smudge in the shape of a person, a smudge that is close enough to wrap its fingers around my throat.

Without turning around, she says, “Sometimes I really hate you. And then I have to stop myself and remember who you are and that you weren’t sent here to eat me up.”

I don’t feel shocked by this confession. Somehow, this seems the most natural thing. It’s like getting the dish on someone, and you just want more.

So I say, “Sometimes I really hate you too.” I can’t feel my lips enough to know whether I’m grinning as wide as I think. I want this to go on all night. I want us to have it out until we’re kissing each other on the mouth. There is a part of me that knows I probably won’t feel so good about this in the morning, but for now I’m spinning with desire. It’s like I’m all tentacles, a giant squid. Give me, give me, give me.

But my mother claws the porch door open. “I can’t breathe out here,” she says.

Alone on the porch, I see my mother running through brambles. Everything is gray and orange. She is barefoot, and her hair is long like the wig, but real. There is blood on her face. Her skin is scratched and torn. I hear her breathing, thick rasps in and out. Something is chasing her, a loud rumbling. It’s a crunching, heavy noise. She throws large stones over her shoulders as she runs, trying to kill or slow down whatever it is.

With my mind, I try to reach into this picture and lift my mother out. I try to switch us. Let me run for a while, I think. I’m stronger than her, younger. But it’s no use. Trying only wears me out. I know I better get myself inside. It’s dangerous to pass out in the cold, and it must be twenty or below out here.

8 Books About the Horrors of Parenting

T o say that parenthood is scary is an understatement. A little seahorse shape inside another human becomes a live thing that can do nothing for itself, whose life, survival, and ability to eat and sleep with a normal circadian rhythm depends entirely on two people who might have only recently learned to cook (or still haven’t). Sometimes, advice and tough love are exactly what is needed to get through a rough patch or overcome an irrational (or rational) fear, and that’s when the self-help books section is great. Other times, sympathy and empathy make you feel more understood, more normal, than any Instagram-famous life guru ever could. Parents, below you can find solidarity through great fiction that captures the real terrors of parenting.

The Changeling by Victor LaValle

Victor LaValle’s latest follows first generation Brooklyner and bookseller Apollo (oh yeah) and his wife, Emma Valentine, through the mysteries of New York and the trials of a newborn. There are the familiar, real-life challenges: neither parent seems to appreciate how much the other does, their ideas of the best way to handle a baby are…different, the advice from grandma (Apollo’s mother) feels outdated to the point of disconcerting. Emma, who shoulders most of the parenting hours, starts to lose her sense of self and her sense of who — or what — her child is. Invoking Nordic legends, witchy fairy tales, and the nightmares of technology, The Changeling is a literal and fantastical portrait of new-parent horror.

Rosemary’s Baby by Ira Levin

Everyone remembers Mia Farrow’s Oscar-nominated performance as a hysterical mother-to-be haunted by her demonic unborn baby, but Rosemary’s Baby originated as a thriller by Ira Levin. The author, bored at a lecture, was struck by the idea “that a fetus could be an effective horror if the reader knew it was growing into something malignly different from the baby expected. Nine whole months of anticipation, with the horror inside the heroine!” In the book, Rosemary Woodhouse moves into a creepy old building with her husband, next to some nosy neighbors who are just a tad too eager to befriend her. She promptly gets knocked up after a trance-like dream of involuntarily engaging in ritual sex with a shadowy presence that looks like her husband but with glowing yellow eyes. Ba-da-daammm. Spoiler alert: She ends up giving birth to the Spawn of Satan a.k.a. Adrian. The book ends with Rosemary tenderly nursing the Demon Child while the worshippers surround her in slavish awe. Ahh, the power of a mother’s unconditional love.

Some Possible Solutions by Helen Phillips

Helen Phillips is a master of finding the weirdness in the mundane, the absurdities that we accept as entirely normal. So the idea of gestating a human life for nine months and then having to make sure the rest of its existence goes okay makes for ripe material. The whole collection makes small strange things bigger, takes them to their plausible — sometimes disturbing— extremes; the story “The Doppelgängers” shows the blistering world of new motherhood to be personal and intimate and inherently terrifying. It also shows how it is bizarrely public: strangers touch growing stomachs in the supermarket; passersby stop to comment on the creature in a stroller; too many people have something to say about the choice to breastfeed. Phillips doesn’t fail to sear with her honest and imaginative eye.

Beloved by Toni Morrison

Parenting during the time in which this novel is set — post Civil War — looked very different to today. Beloved is the names of a two-year-old who was killed by her mother Sethe in a desperate attempt to save her children from a life of slavery. Beloved comes back as a revenant to haunt Sethe, feeding on her mother’s guilt and draining her life force. This is a story that doesn’t shy away from the potentially frightening depth of maternal passion, how it can result in a subtle death: the mother’s identity.

Breed by Chase Novak

Meet the Twisdens: Him, a rich lawyer desperate to pass down his blue-blood lineage. Her, an infertile trophy wife living on the Upper East Side surrounded by stroller moms. Together, they travel to the backwaters of Slovenia, placing their last hope for an heir in a mysterious doctor with a reputation for conjuring pregnancy miracles. Bad idea. The treatment works but at a cost. The once impeccably dressed power couple transforms into unkempt hairy creatures, finding new joy in things like gnawing on the furniture. The feral father Alex coos at his newborn twins, “Oooh, I could just eat you up,” and he means it. Ten years later, the twins, Alice and Adam, are perfectly normal, *cough* well-bred kids in a happy home. Except for the part when the Twisden parents lock them up in their bedrooms for the night and dine on their household pets. Soon, Mom and Dad’s predatory impulses overwhelm them and the twins, now the specials on the menu, are on the run for their lives.

After Birth by Elisa Albert

After Birth considers the camaraderie of parenting — those strollers parked together, those dads carrying diaper bags, that woman handing another woman a tiny dropped sock, knowingly. But what is surprising about After Birth is that Albert isn’t looking for comfort in the village of people raising the child — her narrative is fueled by the anger that comes when one parent betrays another and the envy of other women, the perfect mothers who have it all together. From the outset, Ari seems set up for difficulty as a mother. Her c-section is scarring both literally and mentally, her husband is emotionally vacant and she is bitter in her loneliness, lacking any close ties in her life. When Ari talks to her infant, she plays the role of the loving mom that she never had, obsessively chanting: “We’re happy. We’re blessed. We are we are we are we are”—believing that if she says it enough, it will come true.

Quicksand by Nella Larsen

In this wonderfully subversive novel, first published in 1928, Helga Crane is a half Danish, half Black woman trying to find her identity in a society that values conformity. After a period abroad in Denmark where she was regarded as a exotic sexual object, she returns to the US and becomes trapped in an unhappy marriage. Despite earlier vocally rejecting motherhood, Helga delivers child after child, her pregnancies consuming her body to the point that she is unable to get out of bed and slowly wastes away, angry and bitter. Society has stripped Helga of her autonomy and forced her into the undesired prisons of sexualized other, wife, and mother. Larsen uses Crane to dismantle the notion of black motherhood as a racial imperative — that black women can only inhabit the roles of either mother or objectified woman. In doing so Larsen uncovers a version of maternity that destroys a woman who has tried to reject that role.

Life Among the Savages and Raising Demons by Shirley Jackson

Writes the publisher, “America’s celebrated master of terror turns to a different kind of fright: raising children.” Life Among the Savages began as essays that were edited into a novelistic, sometimes fictionalized memoir, while Raising Demons has an almost instructional tone — but both books are concerned with the trappings of being a working mother and running a home. These days, we hear a lot more from working mothers about the struggle to balance their lives, but Jackson was writing from a small town, and as a female author in the male-dominated literary landscape of 1950s America. Her honesty was groundbreaking, as well as hilarious, insightful, and necessary. While her fiction, such as “The Lottery” and We Have Always Lived in the Castle, now receives due celebration, her nonfiction (once termed “domestic memoir”) is equally deserving of acclaim.

A Series About Teens Who Turn Into Animals Taught Me How to Be Human

Novel Gazing is Electric Literature’s personal essay series about the way reading shapes our lives. This time, we asked: What book was your feminist awakening?

When I was nine years old, my best friend Max moved away. We had spent almost every day of elementary school together during recess and after school, making up new worlds and telling stories, even though as we got older our boy-girl friendship was something other kids sometimes teased us about. After Max moved, I still went to visit him every couple of months in New Jersey, and on one visit he showed me the book he was reading, part of a new series he was obsessed with. On the cover was a pretty blond girl — the kind of girl you might see advertising Coca-Cola or teeth-whitening chewing gum — turning into a grizzly bear. There were five versions of the girl. In the first she looked normal, totally human. In the next version, her arms and face thickened, rounded, and her face became newly hirsute. Behind that version, the girl’s face became covered in fur, and her open mouth showed sharp teeth. In the fourth, her blond hair had faded into her fur-covered torso, and her teeth had turned weapon. In the fifth image, she had gone total grizzly, covered in fur and growling.

“Weird cover,” I said.

“She’s an Animorph,” Max said. Then he explained the precipitating incident of the Animorphs series: A group of middle schoolers find a dying alien in a parking lot at night. The alien warns them that the Yeerks, a species of mind-controlling slugs, have begun to infect the human race. Someone you love might be controlled by a slug that has crawled into their mind and you wouldn’t even know it. The dying alien gives the kids the power to morph — to change into animals — and they begin a secret guerilla war against the Yeerks. The book Max was reading now was Animorphs #7, The Stranger.

It was a lot of information to absorb. So I focused on the cover, the girl changing into a bear. That same year I’d been given one of those you-are-on-the-precipice-of-puberty books. I’d seen other books or pamphlets too, during doctor’s visits or in other kids’ bookshelves. It seemed there was a whole genre of writing readying me for puberty, educational books in which someone inevitability asked, “What is happening to me?” The question always sounded like the thing someone in a horror movie would say the second before they werewolfed hard.

In the what-is-happening-to-me book I’d been given, one page showed all the stages in a girl’s transformation to woman. On the left side of the page, a drawing of a naked seven year old girl. Next to that image, a drawing of the same girl at ten, her hips rounding out. Another around thirteen, with breasts and a dark patch of pubic hair. Another around nineteen, all curves and huge dark nipples. Before my eyes, a naked girl morphed into a naked woman. That undeniable change seemed echoed on the cover of Animorphs #7, which I stared at for a while. In my mind’s eye I saw a farrago of girls going through puberty and girls turning into grizzly bears.

In my mind’s eye I saw a farrago of girls going through puberty and girls turning into grizzly bears.

I guarantee you this: Never once did I actually think, “Oh my god, I am on the verge of animorphing into puberty.” But the cover stuck with me enough that I convinced my mom to buy Animorphs #7 for me at the next Scholastic book sale ($3.99). I opened the book with some part of my brain expecting a science fiction story, and some deeper part of my brain hoping for the guide the what-is-happening-to-me book failed to be.

I didn’t just need a guide to puberty. Since Max had moved away, I had an increasing sense that I was failing to morph socially. I tried to ingratiate myself into a group of girls in my class at school, mostly on the basis that I was a girl and supposed to hang out with other girls. They were not not nice to me. Still, there was a certain gap. I lived in Manhattan, but my dad was our building’s super and our apartment in the basement was rent-free. It wasn’t that we couldn’t get by, but we certainly didn’t have what many of these girls came equipped with: country homes, designer clothes, an impressive range of extracurriculars. I did my best to make up the difference by doing well in school and smiling hard at everyone. It worked okay.

One of the girls had invited me to her birthday party, which, she informed me, would also be a makeup party. Making up for what? Ha-ha-ha-ha, she said, and I blushed, and she said there would be lipstick, mascara, other things, plus a fancy camera. We would each have our photographs taken in our lipstick and mascara and other things, and the photographs would be printed in sepia tones and placed for us in a golden frame and we would get to take the photo and the frame home that very same day.

At my own birthday party that year, my parents had suggested we all take the Staten Island Ferry back and forth a couple of times. It was free.

The makeup party sounded like it could be fun, and I definitely didn’t want to be left out, so I agreed to go. The day of the party I wore my hair down and put on a shirt I deemed “tastefully tie-dyed.” But once I got there, I quickly became terrified. Everyone put on so much makeup they looked like glamorous clowns, or children competing at a beauty pageant. Now these girls I knew stared sultrily into the camera like strangers. They batted their eyes, they posed in feather boas. I sat there unsure of myself, unready to be a part of whatever territory these girls sashayed toward.

I sat there unsure of myself, unready to be a part of whatever territory these girls sashayed toward.

In the end, I only put on a little makeup, a bit of blush and lipstick. In the glamour shot from that day, I am smiling but I am not showing my teeth, which the students at the NYU College of Dentistry would soon try desperately to straighten out. Everyone else’s photographs looked cutely silly (or sometimes cutely creepy) in their subjects’ attempts to seem adult. My photograph, with its sepia tint and closed-lip smile, resembled the old-fashioned daguerreotype a movie might display on a mantle to set up the presence of a child ghost. I looked pale and uncomfortable and the blush on my cheeks seemed to hint at an oncoming nineteenth-century-style Little-Women-ish death from scarlet fever.

I had failed at the makeup party.


Animorphs #7, the first Animorphs I ever read, is narrated by Rachel, the blond female Animorph who likes shopping and gymnastics. She is also the most ruthless and reckless warrior of the Animorphs, which later becomes a key character arc. In #7, there are only hints at her ferocity. The book opens with Rachel wanting to scare an elephant trainer into ceasing to use his cattle prod to control his circus elephants. So she sneaks into the elephant pen at night and morphs into an elephant herself. “People say I’m pretty,” Rachel confides in the reader. “I don’t know and I really don’t care. But I’ll tell you one thing — no one who has ever seen me morph into an elephant ever used the word pretty to describe it.” There is a real grossness to all descriptions of the morphing process, a grossness that helps them seem less like fiction. “I felt the teeth in the front of my mouth run together,” Rachel narrates as she turns into an elephant, “and then begin to grow and grow into long, spear-length tusks. It’s a creepy sensation, by the way. Not painful, but definitely creepy.”

Not painful but definitely creepy. This felt refreshingly truthful. In the what-is-happening-to-me books, the process of turning from a girl into a woman was often described as beautiful. Natural. Normal. But nothing about that process seemed normal to me. And a fair amount seemed unsettling. I liked how Animorphs described the morphing as awkward, and a little disgusting. It reminded me of the in-between space the girls had been in at the make-up party.

The process of turning from a girl into a woman was often described as beautiful. Natural. Normal. But nothing about that process seemed normal to me.

Once Rachel turns into an elephant, she roars an elephant’s trumpeting roar, and the trainer comes running. She waits until he’s all the way in the pen, and then she grabs him around the waist with her trunk, lifts him up and, using the Animorphs’ gift of thought-speak (they can think right into someone’s mind while in a morph, sort of like a psychic form of texting), claims to be from the International Elephant Police. She tells the trainer there have been some complaints about him and that he must stop using the cattle prod to control his elephants. If he doesn’t, she will come back and destroy him. The trainer acquiesces to her demands and she tosses him twenty feet away, where he lands safely (so says the narration) on a tent.

I was exhilarated. Here a pretty girl had shed her pretty girl-ness, morphed into an elephant, ordered a man to stop his wrongdoings, and succeeded. She had changed — awkwardly and disgustingly — into something more powerful. She had been listened to by someone who in most cases would be the more powerful male adult.

Later in the book, Rachel and the other Animorphs morph into cockroaches in order to spy on the Yeerks. This was more familiar to me than the whole elephant thing. In our basement apartment, we were always dealing with cockroaches. After Rachel turns into a cockroach, she finds the cockroach brain is full of fear. “When you first morph into an animal, it is almost always a struggle to adjust to its particular instincts,” she says. This, too, made sense to me. When you turned into some other form, you were faced with new demands, both internal and external. Certainly I’d felt this at the makeup party — my desire to run and to fit in, my desire to appear attractive but not necessarily womanly. But only a few pages later Rachel has grappled with much of the cockroach’s fear. She admits it’s pretty cool how, in the roach form, she can run straight up most walls.

Rachel’s ability to shift forms didn’t just make her powerful, but expanded her perceptions of the world. Animorphs #7 began to offer me a whole new world of different transformations a person could undergo. It wasn’t that I actually believed I would turn into an elephant or a cockroach. I simply appreciated the beauty of being offered an escape from the relentless narrative of a single transformation: girl to woman. In Animorphs, things could be funkier than that. You could change in other ways. You could change into something more powerful, or something more fearful, and all these changes could lead you to ultimately morph into someone who was more empathetic.

You could change into something more powerful, or something more fearful, and all these changes could lead you to ultimately morph into someone who was more empathetic.

I’d love to say the lessons I learned from Animorphs had an immediate effect on me. I’d love to say I went to another makeup party post-Animorphs #7 and that I was blissfully empowered. I’d love to say that I put on makeup so I looked like some kind of formidable beast, that I smiled huge at the camera, fiercely toothed and fiercely clawed. I’d love to say that when I put on makeup, I put aside my insecurities about myself around these girls with their above-ground apartments and extracurricular well-roundedness, and just embraced who I was and who I might be.

But nope. I went on to avoid those kinds of parties like the Yeerks themselves might be in attendance. Instead of more makeup parties, I let myself become deeply obsessed with a book series. I spent hours and hours analyzing Animorphs online with total strangers and, when the Animorphs TV show came out on Nickelodeon, ranting against all the inaccuracies of the television show. In a way, rather than obviously transforming me, Animorphs — to use another animal metaphor — provided for me a kind of cocoon, a safe space where I could hang out and think about what kind of animal I might want to turn into, or at least what kind of metamorphoses I might want to write about.

Even more essentially, inside the cocoon of the series, I saw stories could help you grow in ways that felt more interesting than the growth offered by the what-is-happening-to-me books. Stories could be an escape, yeah, but they also could briefly “morph” you into the mind of somebody else, expanding your sense of the world. When I write stories now — even when I write stories about my past self — there is always that sense, however fleeting, of transformation. Of hanging out in some other creature’s headspace.

At the end of the story, I morph back into myself, only I’m changed. I’ve been some other thing, something the what’s-happening-to-me books could never have predicted. But Animorphs in some way predicted these shifts for me, these expansive moments that were the result of hurtling into and out of puberty — that were the result of encroaching adulthood. A new form, the series had hinted, might give you the ability to look harder not just at the shape of your own experience, but also at the shapes of other lives.

Jesmyn Ward’s Story of Rejection and Perseverance is Familiar to Black Writers

Jesmyn Ward accepted her second National Book Award for fiction at last week’s ceremony. In her speech she laid bare that even at this stage in her career the dismissal of her work and its content continues. As Jesmyn spoke I heard and felt those same types of rejections, knowing without further explanation the wording used. It was both a relief and disappointment to know she heard this too.

Throughout my career when I’ve been rejected, there was sometimes subtext and it was this: People will not read your work because these are not universal stories. I don’t know whether some doorkeepers felt this way because I wrote about poor people, or because I wrote about Black people or because I wrote about Southerners.

The subtext of rejection, especially for marginalized writers, often translates to an inability to “reach the mainstream,” a lack of “connection.” The term “universal stories” gets thrown around as though it’s an easy method to master. As though “universal stories” truly means universal, when in fact it is its own code. Sometimes there’s no subtext at all, just clear confusion and disinterest. Art is subjective, yet subjectivity also comes with our own inherent bias stemming from our experiences.

Writers like myself have and will continue to decipher these types of messages. As artists we already contend with self-consciousness about our work, be it voice, execution, structure, characterizations, or something else. Pitching and querying means constantly putting your writing into the world hopeful for understanding or in anticipation of dismissal. Sometimes those rejections don’t see the work for what it is, but solely for what it isn’t; your work is being judged from a viewpoint that may not truly understand your existence, no matter how much you try to describe it.

As my career progressed and as I got some affirmations I still encountered that mindset every now and again. I still find myself having uncomfortable conversations with reluctant readers who initially didn’t want to read my work because they said, what do I have in common with a pregnant 15-year-old? They said, why should I read about a 13-year-old poor Black boy or his neglectful, drug addicted mother? What do they have to say to me?

I write application after application about my essay collection that explores my working class family’s migration from the South to New York City: a request for time at a residency, a plea for grants, submissions to workshops and applications for scholarships to said workshops. When I sit down to the blank page, ready to answer the questions posed as to “why” — Why this story? Why this time? Essentially, why should we care? — I also have my own. Will anyone actually care about the offspring of sharecroppers leaving an all-Black town? Will they care that my grandparents’ story isn’t one tinged with the drama of a runaway slave narrative, but filled with the personal fear of leaving what you know along with the hope that there is better than here? Will anyone want to read how the definition of working class changes, a line moved in the sand affecting some demographics more harshly than others? Quite frankly, will anyone want to read about the Black people I’m describing because they’re close to my heart, because they are incarnations of those I’ve met, known, and am? What will a panel of my supposed peers recognize in my words? What if my family and I don’t speak to them on a level they care to understand?

What will a panel of my supposed peers recognize in my words? What if my family and I don’t speak to them on a level they care to understand?

There’s a scene in Lean on Me where Robert Guillaume’s character vibrates with rage as he yells at Morgan Freeman. “You will Step-in Fetchit!” he cries, meaning Morgan must perform for those in power. He will submit to their desires and shake off his hardened veneer. What he wants and who he is is unimportant because Stepin Fetchit is the amalgamation of negative Black stereotypes, the representative for the Black person others feel comfortable watching not the one who exudes the depth of who we are.

And you, my fellow writers and editors and publishing people and National Book Foundation folks who read my work, you answered: plenty. You looked at me, at the people I love and write about, you looked at my poor, my Black, my Southern children, women, and men and you saw yourself. You saw your grief, your love, your losses, your regrets, your joy, your hope.

The day after the National Book Awards, Zadie Smith was honored with the Langston Hughes medal. She spoke on Black writers, being a Black writer, and the influence of the Harlem Renaissance on her as a Black British woman. Zadie said she wouldn’t be speaking to us today as a writer if it weren’t for Zora Neale Hurston. How many writers have said they wouldn’t be here if not for Octavia Butler, Toni Morrison, Audre Lorde, Lucille Clifton, and, of course, Jesmyn Ward? How many of us recognized our own reflections in their work, their characters, their worlds and words, to the point we aimed to not only emulate theirs but create our own? I understood their existence meant that there’s a viable place to sell and see our stories. Black stories. Poor stories. Northern/Southern stories. That our voices could be in the printed page, on a shelf, available for reference and purchase. We, like others, saw ourselves in these stories and maybe even pushed ourselves to be better than we were before. And I can and have imagined the amount of subtext they read before finding the home and audience and understanding their work needed.

When ‘Good Writing’ Means ‘White Writing’

“Universal stories” takes on a different meaning when you see yourself in the work so thoroughly — despite the skin color, despite the gender (or non-gender) affiliation, despite locale and a host of other things. In Salvage the Bones I found myself rooting so hard for the family dog China that I almost missed my subway stop. That’s universal. My grandmother leaving a small town to meet her high school sweetheart in a metropolis is not necessarily a “universal story,” yet the yearning for upward mobility, and change, the need to come into your own is that connective thread that makes her a person I see in myself, not only due to DNA, but through a need for independence. These are the aims of writers like myself, writers like Jesmyn, to hold that mirror up for us all to recognize a bit of ourselves.

And I am deeply grateful to each and every one of you who reads my work and finds something that sings to you, that moves you. I hope to continue this conversation with you for all of our days.

On stage Jesmyn stood regal in a fuchsia gown that sparkled with or without the overhead lights. Her speech culminated with the gratitude of being seen, of giving voice and affirmation to those she knew, from the land she’s from, of the stories she continually sought to tell. Sitting near the stage in my own gown, I remembered what sang to me in Sing, Unburied, Sing. The mother not ready to be a mother. A boy forced to be an adult before he’d even reached adolescence. The plausibility and — here’s that word again — universality of knowing children don’t always get the luxury of innocence, nor do we have the opportunity to truly understand those who raised us.

I, and many other writers, may never end up on that same stage. We may never get that opportunity for redemption to know our stories were not only successful but eagerly sought out, that our connections were fluid and recognized in ways we couldn’t imagine. Consider how many writers have already gone off the path and quit due to subtext. The subtext doesn’t stop everyone, but can before we even try. But there are those of us who’ll keep the conversation going, write those stories anyway, even with the laundry list of questions in our own head wondering if anyone else will care. And maybe, hopefully, I’ll think back on this speech to know that I’m not alone in this, and that these journeys have a place in the world whether or not it’s on a stage.

A Naked Man Running Through Traffic, and Everything Else You Need to Know About L.A.

Ivy Pochoda is obsessed with place. All three of her novels have been set in the city she was living in at the time: Amsterdam, Brooklyn, and now, with Wonder Valley, Los Angeles. The largest city on the west coast, tinsel town is known for its glitz, glam, and grittiness, all of which lends itself to rich noir fiction.

With Wonder Valley, Pochoda has found a new balance: she explores characters using the same searing eye with which she observes locations. The novel opens with a naked man running through a traffic jam on a highway and the event seeps into the world and imaginations of a cast of characters, irrevocably threading together their lives. Pochoda steeps juvenile delinquents and desert commune dwellers alike in her enchanting rendering of Los Angeles, and soon, the coalescence of these strangers starts to feel kismet.

I spoke with her just after her book was published and took a deep-dive into what makes Los Angeles so distinctive, how environments shape people — and her characters — and how, for her writing, place reigns supreme.

Adam Vitcavage: You’ve been in Los Angeles, where Wonder Valley takes place, for almost a decade now. How has living in L.A. changed your perspective of the world and shaped your writing?

Ivy Pochoda: I don’t think it has changed my perspective on the world, really, it’s a place like any other. It’s been really great to live there and write because it’s a lot more competitive and a lot more pressure to write novels in New York City compared to Los Angeles. There is a great literary community here that is vibrant and exciting. I feel like it’s a fun place to write because I can distance myself from the publishing and business side of writing.

Also, one of the cool things about moving to LA was that I knew it through books. Moving to the city and recognizing places I had read about and discover it in person has been amazing.

The Writing Life on the Road: Rocio Carlos’ Los Angeles

AV: L.A., for me, is a conundrum. I have friends and cousins living all over the city and I feel like no one knows what the real LA is. Have you discovered it during your time there?

IP: The interesting thing about L.A. is that it’s different for everybody. Places like Echo Park and Silver Lake are definitely — and I know this is a reductive word — but they’re more of a “hipster” and younger part of L.A. Like the new Brooklyn, not the old Brooklyn; Brooklyn isn’t hipster anymore. I moved to Echo Park when I first moved to L.A. and really enjoyed it.

My L.A. is right there: a gritty and beautiful neighborhood.

You can really make your experience in L.A. your own. My slice of life in L.A. is quite different than many of my friends. I live in an area that is in the middle of the city on the southern side. It’s a neighborhood that was very affluent when it was built in 1900s. When they built the 10 highway, it cut the neighborhood in half and it fell on hard times. It was really run down and now it’s becoming revitalized. It wasn’t an area a lot of people in L.A. considered a place you want to live. My L.A. is right there: a gritty and beautiful neighborhood.

I don’t spend a lot of time on the west side and I spend zero time in Hollywood. Those places lurk in the realm of fantasy for me. If you read about New York, a book can only travel around so far because Manhattan has small boundaries. You can go from uptown to downtown or Lower East Side to the Upper West Side in the course of a novel. A novel in L.A. can be specifically about a neighborhood. In Day of the Locust (Nathaneal West’s 1939 novel set in Hollywood), you don’t really leave Hollywood and Vine or up in the Hills. My book mostly just hangs out in Skid Row.

If you really want to learn a lot about the city, I suggest reading Michael Connelly and Walter Mosley. Their books are about detectives or private investigators who traverse the whole city.

Passing Each Other in Halls

AV: So, the majority of this novel takes place in Skid Row. What’s your connection with the area?

IP: I’ve been teaching creative writing at the LAMP arts program in Skid Row for four years and I used to live on the far side of Skid Row in the Arts District so I spent a lot of time walking the area. Skid Row divides Downtown L.A. from the Arts District and I also spent a lot of time downtown. I got very interested when I walked or rode my bike through it; the social structure to it is fascinating. There is a lot of chaos as well as a lot of community.

AV: Was it during that time when Wonder Valley started to percolate?

IP: I started to write the book when I was still living in Echo Park, about the same time I started teaching the class in Skid Row. In in Echo Park, there’s sort of an ad-hoc homeless community of camper vans. I started writing about that kind of community, and then, when I began visiting Skid Row, I saw a lot of the same thing — in fact, more of it. I was interested in people who live off the grid and out of the norms of society. Once I started to spend a lot of time in Skid Row, the novel really took off from there.

I was interested in people who live off the grid and out of the norms of society.

AV: When did you think of the opening prologue with the naked man?

IP: Sometimes when I think of writing a novel, I like to have a part that can stand alone and just be. One of my favorite pieces of writing is Pafko at the Wall, the novella that opens Don DeLillo’s Underworld. It sets the tone for the whole book. It’s set in a baseball game and I love how he just tells the whole story of the city through this baseball game. I wanted to find something that would tell the whole story of Los Angeles.

This idea of a naked man running through traffic is based on something I remember hearing about from high school. I tangentially knew a guy who ran across the Brooklyn Bridge and was hit by a car and killed. I remember hearing the story from my friends who were with him at the time, but I also heard about it from people I knew who just happened to be jogging over the bridge. I loved the idea that this event traversed the entire borough and people were seeing it from different perspectives and angles.

Support Electric Lit: Become a Member!

AV: This book uses different perspectives to tell a story and it jumps back and forth between time. How did you get to this structure?

IP: It’s because I’m wildly undisciplined and plot is the last thing I think about when writing a novel. I’ll write something and I won’t know where it’s going so it’s always easier to write a new section or a new character. I have never outlined anything that I have written. One time I tried and it was so formulaic and boring. I love being able to follow my characters and find my story that way. You want a good ending for your characters, but it’s hard if you have to be true to your story.

Originally, I started writing about Skid Row. I don’t remember exactly what that draft was about, but there were grifters. Then I rented a cabin in the desert near Wonder Valley and the desert leaked into the story. I figured I had to tie it all together somehow. So, for me, the structure came from not having a specific outline or a plot that I was following. It created an interesting panorama for a story to come from different angles. I knew the angles were all going to be part of the same book, but I had no clue how everything was going to come together.

I have never outlined anything that I have written.

AV: Your characters are so vivid. For readers like myself and writers like you, characters are so important to a narrative, more so than the average “plot pyramid.” How do you find success creating such interesting and wide ranging characters?

IP: I wish I knew the answer. I don’t know where these people come from. A lot emerged from that opening scene with the naked man in traffic. I was thinking about all of the people who would be in the traffic jam. I hear the voices of people.

But you started this question about what your readers look for in a book. For me it’s place. I want to write about a place. Then I figure out the voices that best represent the place. Place reigns supreme.

AV: Your first two books were about Amsterdam and Brooklyn, where you’ve previously lived. Will you continue to write books about where you’ve lived since place is so important to you?

IP: I feel like I have to. Place is what I want to write about. I started my first book The Art of Disappearing in Las Vegas, but I had to move it to Amsterdam because I have to write about what’s outside my window. I think it’s very difficult, and I know it’s not impossible because people do it all of the time, to write about places you only tangentially know.

I have to write about a place that is deeply engrained in my subconscious.

I have to write about a place that is deeply engrained in my subconscious. I have to live where I want to write about, so it’ll be Los Angeles again. I can’t imagine writing about Brooklyn again. LA is so wild and unexplored. That’s the cool thing about living there: there’s always a sense of discovery.

AV: You don’t outline and place is important to you. Do you spend hours upon hours walking around?

IP: There is this amazing thing called Google Maps when I don’t feel like leaving the house. I knew Skid Row pretty well because I rode my bike through it every day. When I wrote about Red Hook [in Visitation Street], I knew that pretty well. I am yet to write about a place where I have to do research. However, I think I’m going to have to with my next book because I want to write something about my neighborhood and farther south and I don’t know it other than driving through it.

AV: So your next book will be about your neighborhood?

IP: Definitely in my neighborhood. I’m not really sure beyond that, but it’s going to be a crime-heavy book. That’s all I know.

A Bristling Sculpture Waiting to Be Named

Becoming that one with the hair

the trees over there have arms tangled in intercourse
—a moving tomb that crawls inches by the decades.
an amber tint has leaked from the sky, somewhere
far,
somewhere with no name
and thrown bucketful
after bucketful
of itself onto the chapped surface of the
tree’s waistline.

i try my hardest to get her attention
but she has already
started to kiss him
her green hair giving way to the wind,
the strands of dead brown ribbons hanging
gnomic, winsome, childish.

i want to go up to her and
brush against her hunched shoulders,
knot my fingers through her’s as
she is locking necks with this other one.

in another i see her warm mouth tremor against the
still brick wall they pose by,
a hundred flickering diamonds cast
off from the cracked asphalt
—they have done it
and they are exhibitionists.

i want to go up to him and clamp down
his roots, bruise his forearms, steal his strength
but
the indian minors cling on to both their heads
so i cannot move, not even an inch.

i remain amorphous
to them i am a bristling sculpture waiting to be
named or used.
in another life i would be far away from this carcass
forgetting my old age.
this face, i have always known it was mine,
but i wore it like indignity
suspicious of those who stare.

i pout my plump limbs and flick my hair
they stand still with obdurate faces
chaining plastic signs around me as panoply
they will soon send me to a prison
a nullity of nature
then make me into something where
shoes clap against me in a nave
somewhere
far
somewhere with no name.

For the kinder one

Because it was made in the time that it took
and because nobody else was there to see it,
I could not tell you then
what happened to the tree—
the how it fell and the how it drained.

Once it was taken, the barks began to slide,
they slipped off the skin of the skin
like water on rock
and many things I have yet to see.

Because nobody told you to see
to see
and nobody warned you of the slip
and the slip
the how it grew off and the how it shed like open pores.

I made a sign with my fingers through your fingers
like an unbroken chain ready to
break in all the right places.

Solitary Confinement

My mother knows this house well,
she knows its speech and candor.
For years, since our migration
from the foreign land of our birthplace it has become her dearest friend — 
her only friend,
her orphan and her orphanage.

During the years of our schooling, the years I’ve now forgotten,
the house became her companion, her closest confidant
and saving grace.

She’d leave only to walk out the front
to admire its view from the street,
to trace with her gaze its tall impervious frames,
in all its shiny double bricked splendour.

She’d spend her days studying its
cracks and misalignments—
the timber limbs and uncanny scars.
They provided a comfort, a reciprocated respect
something not quite present through her relations with people.

I had not known of the quiet dissatisfaction.
I had not known of the wailing walls.
I had not known of her secret mantra and the
space between the two cracks on the ceiling that
comforted her when my father lost his humanity.

I remember the night my father forgot we were in the house and
slammed his head against the kitchen door
and my mother emerged after we were put to bed
and wiped the crimson spots on the splinted knob.

My mother spoke to the rooms often.
She spoke to them more than us.
Had I known of its meaning, its worth
I’d not have signed the papers.

Bones in Birds, Weakness in Poetry, Murder in Kansas

The Real Villain in Netflix’s ‘Alias Grace’ Is the Male Gaze

“And it fell out, as they watched a fit time…she was desirous to wash herself in the garden: for it was hot. And there was no body there save the two elders, that had hid themselves, and watched her.” — Susanna 1:15–16, King James Bible

Alias Grace knows Susanna and the Elders was a horror story.

When the protagonist, Grace Marks, sees Guido Reni’s painting in the home of her employer, Thomas Kinnear, she’s fascinated but unsettled; her eyes keep sliding back to the recoiling figure of Susanna..The suave Mr. Kinnear suggests it’s frightening because a woman was falsely accused of a grave crime, and only the intervention of a clever man saved her. Grace, his maid (and later, murderer), listens politely to this foreshadowing. But when she looks at the painting itself, Grace is clearly troubled by something deeper. Kinnear’s retelling, which barely mentions Susanna, has done nothing to explain what’s actually so unsettling about Susanna recoiling from the men who came upon her when she thought she was alone. Grace doesn’t yet understand that the horror of the story is that women are always being watched.

Reni’s “Susanna and the Elders”

The novel by Margaret Atwood centers on real-life crime celebrity Grace Marks, convicted in 1843 of murdering Thomas Kinnear, and possibly the housekeeper Nancy. Its character study unspools with the deliberate dread of a psychological thriller, with Grace gently pulling (fictional) psychiatrist Dr. Jordan through a story that suggests no matter who struck the fatal blow, patriarchy is the monster behind the crime.

Netflix’s recent Alias Grace, written by Sarah Polley, makes the most of this villain. Despite some stylistic flourishes, the series keeps its central focus on Grace’s struggle against the inexorable, banal horror all around her; patriarchy is frightening not because men can torment you, but because most men think nothing of tormenting you. Grace (Sarah Gadon) often asks questions she doesn’t answer, because the truth is both so obvious and so disheartening. Men behave monstrously because they can. Women believe men love them because the other option is to buckle under the weight of the truth. Women must think about men every second of the day, while men can get away with thinking about women so little that Dr. Jordan (Edward Holcroft) has to ask what goes into household chores.

What makes Grace an uncanny rather than a tragic figure is the control she exerts in the telling. Half the satisfaction of her interviews is seeing what scraps she keeps away from Dr. Jordan’s prying eyes. And as she presents her unanswered questions to Dr. Jordan, he is, inch by inch, forced to answer them himself. Director Mary Harron is most famous for the kinetic frustration of I Shot Andy Warhol and the hyper-aware dread of American Psycho, and here she seeks to deconstruct them both; with every shot, Alias Grace demands that we think about what makes a horror movie.

To say “male gaze” is something of a shortcut; it suggests a monolith where the reality is often more nuanced. But the idea of patriarchal norms as an unconscious, poisonous force is highly present in Atwood’s work. Its most direct distillation might be The Robber Bride: “Even pretending you aren’t catering to male fantasies is a male fantasy: pretending you’re unseen, pretending you have a life of your own, that you can wash your feet and comb your hair unconscious of the ever-present watcher peering through the keyhole, peering through the keyhole in your own head, if nowhere else. You are a woman with a man inside watching a woman. You are your own voyeur.” What better way to describe the camera?

The camera is inherently a vehicle of suspense; to watch anything on film is to be waiting for something to happen. But the camera is far from a neutral observer. Harron knows it; familiar tricks of the horror genre are presented in a way that forces us to consider how we accept the camera’s gaze on women, and the violence it implies. In horror, anticipating the violence is both a source of suspense and of perverse glee (perfected in American Psycho). Either she’ll survive, or the monster will get her in the end, and either one is entertaining. (The fact that Grace is the subject of the violence, rather than the object, is one of the many things that makes the usual visual beats so discomfiting.) Within the narrative, Grace constructs her story for her male audience; in the intimacy between Grace and the viewers, Harron’s camera asks what we take for granted.

Within the narrative, Grace constructs her story for her male audience; in the intimacy between Grace and the viewers, the camera asks what we take for granted.

The show deliberately structures itself around the monster in the room. Conversations between women are almost exclusively about men — even beloved Mary speaks more often of her political hero or the son of the house than about herself, or about Grace. (Grace would have nothing to tell that wasn’t about a man, anyway. Her dead mother is already a footnote; her father abused her, then demanded she send money home.) And if anyone in the room speaks about another woman, it’s usually on the binary of whether or not she’s made herself available for sex. Why, Grace almost asks but doesn’t need to answer, is women’s currency of reputation designed to be so easy to bankrupt?

Even the things we’re meant to look at suffer from the great divide. Much is made of quilting, Grace’s favored craft, and so far removed from Dr. Jordan’s experience that the moments she talks about it play like a codebreaking scene in a spy movie. It’s not an art men are meant to understand; it’s a warning from women to women about the inescapable. The only other piece of art we see is Susanna and the Elders, a striking painting whose story Mr. Kinnear is only too happy to explain — and why would you need more than that, when that’s the only story possible for a woman?

Injury by Proxy: Why “The Handmaid’s Tale” Is So Painful to Watch

Harron’s visuals draw us back and back again to these unspeakable answers. Grace’s first position at the Parkinsons’, with Mary, has the soft-focus flatness of a story being forced into something happy; later, the Kinnear house is lit with the same encroaching shadows as the painting of Susanna. And in the frame-story parlor, Grace is bathed in beatific light that we know is Dr. Jordan’s doing. It’s the same light as his daydreams of rescuing her — standard, even expected, story beats that have been so quietly debunked by the camera that instead of romantic, they land halfway between laughable and invasive. In these daydreams, he never rescues her from the handsy guards or heroically demands her freedom in a busy courtroom; he always comes upon her when she’s alone.

But even his increasing uncertainty about Grace’s role in the murders doesn’t stop him from having these dreams — from focusing his wide-pupiled attention on her, from inching toward her until their knees are married, from trying to trick her into giving up the key that will let him understand her and be done. Given how much of the series rests on this claustrophobic rhythm, it’s remarkable how effective it always is to cut from Grace’s carefully-arranged features to the Doctor’s vampiric attention — an old-fashioned horror beat that works very, very well.

Support Electric Lit: Become a Member!

And Grace knows. Sarah Gadon deftly threads the needle of both Grace’s slyness and her melancholy, and though some specifics of Grace’s confinement are glossed over, the implication is clear: she has gotten on in life in direct relationship to her ability to navigate what men want. Even alone, Grace is observing herself; in her cell at night, she constructs her own life from the outside, quick-cuts of alternate explanations and angles. When she takes the fateful nap in the Kinnear’s meadow, speaking to the doctor of her solitude, she paints the Doctor a quiet mockery of pastoral melancholy, and then — more honestly — imagines herself from behind, watched by farmhand Jamie. It’s a horror-movie shot, and a moment of quiet tragedy from a Grace who knows better. (Without quite meaning to be a monster, Jamie does, in fact, get her in the end.)

In Alias Grace, patriarchy isn’t just men taking advantage of women without consequence. It’s the only thing that shapes Grace at all, and Polley and Harron let us linger in how wholly it’s become the gaze Grace turns on herself — so unforgiving, angry, and powerless she can’t remember the moment she broke beneath it. It means everyone is possessed by the same demon that no one can exorcise. It’s a horror so pervasive and unimaginable that a glimpse of its true power drives Doctor Jordan mad. (He goes to war rather than think about it; back home, his nerves shot, Grace consumes him.) Outside of the male gaze, Grace as we know her doesn’t exist, and the idea of a Grace without it is the ghost that haunts her.

Outside of the male gaze, Grace as we know her doesn’t exist, and the idea of a Grace without it is the ghost that haunts her.

There are few victories in this story; half the horror of having the patriarchy as your villain is that the monster’s almost bound to win. The Doctor never writes his letter. Mary and Nancy meet sorry ends. Grace doesn’t even get to name her righteous anger and claim the murders — either it was Mary after all, or she’s clever enough to give Mary credit. (That scene, with its widow’s weeds, is both the height of the series’ uncanny affect, and the stripped-bare truth of Grace as object. Even those agitating for her freedom have a matinee-audience detachment about her suffering.) By this point, Harron’s camera has made us painfully aware of the horror of being looked at, of the idea that women are constructed of wounds men leave behind. Grace is not herself, because without men, she can’t be; this itself is murder by a thousand cuts, right before our eyes.

Traditionally, if the girl in a horror movie survives to the end, there’s one last scare — the killer glimpsed again, a prophetic nightmare, the stomach-dropping reveal that the evil has spread — to remind us that horror is the constant of life, not the interruption. It’s fitting that this horror belongs to Dr. Jordan, and not to Grace. The last time Dr. Jordan sees her she’s merely looking back at him, but Harron frames it like the last horrible discovery in a thriller: the corpse of the person you thought was far from the danger, the demon that survived the exorcism after all. Hers is a look that knows what lies ahead for him.

Half the horror of having the patriarchy as your villain is that the monster’s almost bound to win.

For Grace, things are quieter, both because she’s already at the center of the story’s violence (overt and otherwise), and because she knows this is a demon that can’t be conquered, only bargained with. And so our reassurance, such as it is, is that Grace makes her peace. Harron’s camera leaves the claustrophobic close-ups of the parlor, at a respectful distance as she wanders her farm and hangs a quilt of her own in the same flatly unreal light of her early happiness, quiet and unobserved. She’s sufficiently outdone the men who sought to fathom her; they’re diminished by trying (the doctor and Jamie both). And at the last she looks out at us — for once, the examiner.