Blunt Talk with the Blunt Instrument: On Giving Advice to White Male Writers

Earlier last month, poet and Electric Literature’s resident Blunt Instrument advice columnist Elisa Gabbert fielded a question from a white male poet who recognized his privilege as such and wanted to know how to continue writing and publishing ethically within a publishing system that lacks diverse representation. Unlike many in the publishing world who admit that there is a problem, but don’t put forth ideas for how to fix it, Gabbert made concrete suggestions which came down to: read more women, people of color, and LGBTQ writers, and don’t take up more than your fair share of time and space in the literary ecosystem. Many white male writers took this to mean that Gabbert wanted them to stop writing, period, so they unleashed their rage where it festers and boils best: the comments section.

As a bi-racial Asian American writer who interviews authors, and runs a library at a high school whose population is 94% people of color, the lack of diversity in publishing concerns me, so I was eager to discuss and analyze the reaction with Elisa. We conducted this conversation over Google Chat.

Wednesday, June 17, 2015:

Adalena Kavanagh — 8:25 PM
Who do you think were more surprised by the reaction to your advice: men or women?

Elisa Gabbert — 8:26 PM
Oh, men I assume. If anyone actually was surprised.

Adalena Kavanagh — 8:28 PM
I wasn’t surprised by the comments on the actual piece, but there were several reaction pieces, one in the Atlantic (where the author didn’t bother naming you) and another piece in the National Review — did those surprise you? What did you think of those pieces?

Elisa Gabbert — 8:30 PM
I was surprised at the magnitude of the coverage, yes. It’s an advice column! On a literature site!
I admit I didn’t read them in full, for different reasons — the first (National Review) because it was so obviously absurd. (There is no way I’m going to have common ground on a social issue with a writer for the National Review.) The second (at The Atlantic) because I was on vacation with only my phone and it was so long-winded, and because I was irritated that the writer basically stole the letter without even mentioning me. He later wrote me an email apologizing for that, and added a note to the piece, but it felt somewhat disingenuous.

Adalena Kavanagh — 8:33 PM
One thing that struck me about both is that they were more concerned about the possible future loss of “great literature” from white men, than the current silencing of women, people of color, and non-heterosexual writers.

Elisa Gabbert — 8:34 PM
I mean, that’s it exactly. It’s horrifying that this even needs to be said. It’s a kind of racial narcissism.

Adalena Kavanagh — 8:36 PM
Yes! When things are going in their favor they see it as a meritocracy, but when you call to change the system — to bring some diversity, all of a sudden there is this fear that opening the gates will dilute the quality.

Elisa Gabbert — 8:38 PM
And they are crying “not fair” — it’s not fair to hold a white man back just because he’s a white man! But if you try to explain that the existing system is tragically unfair to women, POC, LGBTQ, etc., they either won’t accept it or don’t care. Only caring about “fairness” when it negatively affects you is just toddler behavior. And I use the word “tragic” because systemic racism goes way, way beyond these hypotheticals about what types of “suffering” would result if the next David Foster Wallace self-censored. Aside from the Charleston shooting, a particularly heart-breaking recent example is the story of Kalief Browder, who was arrested and thrown into jail for (allegedly) stealing a backpack. He insisted that he’d been wrongfully accused and refused to plead guilty, but could not afford bail. After three harrowing years in Rikers, he committed suicide. This is not an isolated incident. Racism denial is as real and important as climate change denial or Holocaust denial, but we don’t seem to have a codified concept of it — it doesn’t, like the other two, have its own Wikipedia page.

Adalena Kavanagh — 8:43 PM
They misread the column. First off, they’re conflating writing with publishing. No one can stop you from writing, but a system that is racist/sexist/homophobic, etc. can prevent you from publishing. And the man who wrote to you wanted ideas for how to seek publication in an ethical way. Second, they changed the argument. All of a sudden you were attacking the imagination, and the right of white men to write from points of view other than their own.

Elisa Gabbert — 8:44 PM
Yes. The second part I think was actually willful. They were just baiting their audience, telling them feminists are as bad as they want to believe we are.

Adalena Kavanagh
How do you feel about white men (or white women for that matter) writing from points of view that are not their own?

Elisa Gabbert
I’m not dead set against it, I just think it’s fraught territory. I mean, there is a long tradition of male novelists writing female characters, and that doesn’t feel *necessarily* problematic to me. But I’m squeamish about doing it with race. The risk for unexamined appropriation/exploitation seems SO high. Do you have this same sense? Why do you think that is? It must be connected to the feeling that a white woman “identifying as black” is NOTHING like a man identifying as a woman.

Adalena Kavanagh — 9:01 PM
I’m willing to give individual writers the benefit of the doubt, and that goes for writers of all races/gender/sexual identities, but I’m going to be looking at the actual writing through a more critical lens for sure. This might be because I am bi-racial Asian (Irish and Taiwanese American specifically) and as I’ve gotten older I’ve realized that I don’t really know what it’s like to be Asian, or White for that matter. I can imagine it, sure, and I’ve written Asian, White, and bi-racial characters (and other races) but I’m very conscious of how my writing represents those characters. I ask myself if I’m stereotyping in any way. Sometimes I’ve looked at older writing I’ve done and seen where I did stereotype at times (and I think about this stuff so much! So imagine what people who don’t even think that it’s an issue are doing.)

Elisa Gabbert — 9:03 PM
But on the other side, there’s the problem of requiring that these underrepresented groups only “write what they know,” as the poet Pedro Poitevin put it. In other words, we want Latino writers to write the Latino experience and nothing else. Another friend of mine pointed out that when black writers write for the New Yorker, it’s always to write about race issues. Almost as though editors are killing two birds with one stone — publishing people of color and “writing of color” too.

Adalena Kavanagh — 9:15 PM
Yes, that’s a huge problem. I don’t want anyone to feel like they can’t write outside their experience. I just think people should be thoughtful about it. I have become frustrated because it seems like the only non-fiction I see published about Asian Americans has to do with racism faced by Asian Americans — and while that is an important topic, and valid point of view — it’s not the entire experience. When that’s all I see being published, I feel like I’m not learning anything new, and those pieces are published for a white audience (or non-Asian American audience). But this all also goes back to representation — not just in who is being published, but what they are allowed to publish. Before you wrote your column, did you talk to any non-white writers? What did they have to say?

Elisa Gabbert — 9:18 PM
I talk to (and read) non-white readers on the regular, so I didn’t feel like I needed to do further “research” per se. (I did ask a black writer, Mensah Demary, to read the column before I published it and offer feedback; he suggested no changes.) I have been thinking about the submit more vs. submit less thing for years, though; I didn’t just come up with that this month. In spaces that have achieved better diversity, I think it’s partly achieved not just through women/POC “leaning in” but also the white men who are already in power leaning BACK.

Adalena Kavanagh — 9:23 PM
And that’s what angered many white men. You suddenly placed the problem at their feet. It’s easy to tell others to submit more, especially if you subconsciously know you historically have a better shot at getting into certain publications (it’s like being a legacy at certain colleges) no matter who else submits. Some people suggested a blind submission process instead of having white men submit less. What’s your take on that?

Elisa Gabbert — 9:25 PM
Good point about subconscious knowledge. I think a blind submission process would do some good!
But there’s still the problem of “coding.”

Adalena Kavanagh — 9:26 PM
Yes. I worry about the coding.

Elisa Gabbert — 9:26 PM
Like the aforementioned Latino poet who writes what they know. Orchestras do blind auditions; it largely solved the problem of sexist orchestras.

Adalena Kavanagh — 9:27 PM
I think writing has a different context, though.

Elisa Gabbert — 9:27 PM
It’s not quite the same is it? A man playing a Mozart piece versus a woman playing a Mozart piece. It might be different if they were playing their own music. Maybe we’ve all been trained to hear the music men write as better? A question that has obsessed me for years is, “Why are there no great female composers?” So much to unpack there — who says there aren’t, for one???

Adalena Kavanagh — 9:30 PM

Regarding music: women aren’t encouraged to play music, or compose. I used to be a drummer in a rock band. It’s definitely still a boy’s club, even if many of them believe they are progressive or feminist.

Elisa Gabbert — 9:31 PM
SUCH a boy’s club.

Adalena Kavanagh — 9:32 PM
YEAH. Tell me about it. I often got asked which band I was there to see.

Elisa Gabbert — 9:32 PM
Ugh.

Adalena Kavanagh — 9:33 PM
It’s not for the self-conscious.

Elisa Gabbert — 9:33 PM
I feel, especially now, that I’ve self-selected into a very progressive little enclave. But in the larger world, if we can take someplace like Reddit to be at all representative, women are the goddamn enemy.

Adalena Kavanagh — 9:37 PM
Getting back to writing: a reader for a lit journal said that if a story has a non-white context, he checks to see the race of the writer — and this is coming from the best place. You can’t tell my background from my name, so I always include my ethnicity in my cover letter, but I resent it. I think: white writers never do this, but I also don’t want a reader at a journal to think I’m doing yellow-face and reject my story because I have an Irish last name. I want to get to a point where all of this is irrelevant! So, completely blind submissions in writing don’t seem like a complete solution now, because our contexts aren’t blind. What do you think of my argument?

Elisa Gabbert — 9:37 PM
Yes, that’s a very good way to put it.

Adalena Kavanagh — 9:41 PM
Going back to subconscious knowledge of power — I think with many of the men who were upset, they really do feel powerless, even though they as white men are in the most privileged group in our society. Individuals have a hard time seeing how they are part of a system — especially if they are white and poor. Class, like race and gender, is part of privilege. How do we get individuals to see that it’s not about them as individuals, while asking them to make small individual changes?

Elisa Gabbert — 9:44 PM
I don’t know, man. All I can hope is that with more exposure some people will suddenly switch over and get it. Most of us, at one point, didn’t get it, so it does happen.

Adalena Kavanagh — 9:44 PM
Maybe let’s shout out a few responses that “got it”?

Elisa Gabbert — 9:45 PM
Yeah! Do you have any?

Adalena Kavanagh — 9:45 PM
Ha ha. I could look! Here’s one :

http://www.doodle-doodle.com/people/dear-male-white-writer/

Elisa Gabbert — 9:45 PM
Yes, that really cheered me up. I got some great tweets along the lines of “I was annoyed by your column at first but then I thought about it, so thanks.”

Adalena Kavanagh — 9:46 PM
But this makes me think about your comment on twitter — it’s hard to tell now if men’s comments online are parodies.

Elisa Gabbert — 9:46 PM
Did you see the Telecaster thing on The Hairpin?

Adalena Kavanagh — 9:46 PM
Yeah.

Elisa Gabbert — 9:46 PM
Very hard to distinguish between the actual misogynist assholes and the men who are just mocking the misogynist assholes.

Adalena Kavanagh — 9:47 PM
Yeah. And that’s some white knighting going on too, like — let the ladies have this, will you?

Elisa Gabbert — 9:47 PM
I don’t necessarily mind it, it’s just fucking hard to tell the difference! Look at this conversation: https://twitter.com/ineffabilliken/status/611233877839851521
It seems like there was a lightbulb there — like “oh wait, people can’t tell if we’re satirizing or not.” You’re banking on people knowing your politics when you do that.

Adalena Kavanagh — 9:49 PM
It’s so hard to tell tone from text!

Elisa Gabbert — 9:49 PM
Especially with strangers.

Adalena Kavanagh — 9:52 PM
I think the most difficult thing for people to accept was that if we truly achieve diversity in publishing, that means that some people who are currently being published, will not in the future (because the industry really cannot support diversity, and the current amount of white men and women being published). Scary thought for some!

Elisa Gabbert — 9:52 PM
My position is, equality is more important than any one person’s success. But, there’s not really a hard limit on how many magazines there can be. It’s at the top where things get crowded.

Adalena Kavanagh — 9:56 PM
“Equality is more important than any one person’s success.” I love that.

Overlooked Appalachian Lit: Six Contemporary Southern Books Everyone Should Read

by Glenn Taylor

Here are six books by contemporary writers with roots in Kentucky, east Tennessee, West Virginia, and upstate South Carolina. Note that in the very act of reading the names of those places, as you have just done, you may inadvertently conjure in your mind a multitude of negative or simplified depictions. You may hear full-gallop banjo picking. You may visualize some skewed humanoid picture of “inbreeding,” whatever that term has come to mean. Note that the mainstream national media might be to blame for this conjuring, as it tends to function in a sensational and visually-jarring manner that homogenizes a people and misrepresents a region, thus perpetuating a cycle of wholesale cultural dismissal. The truth about the Appalachian South and its people, of course, is more complex, and it involves all that the rivers and roads and rails brought to us, and all that they took away. The truth is found here in fiction and in poetry, in the wise and funny and heart-breaking voices of those who have listened, of those who know not only their collective past, but also how to best sit you down and tell it to you, if only you will listen. These are six books you won’t soon forget.

Trampoline by Robert Gipe

robert gipe trampoline

Ohio University Press, 2015
Originally from Kingsport, Tennessee, Gipe has long lived in eastern Kentucky.

Trampoline is that rare kind of book, a first novel that feels like a fourth or fifth. It is about much more than the fight against strip mining and mountaintop removal. It is a classic yet utterly original coming-of-age story about love and family and violence and hills and hollows, told retrospectively and in five acts, each one bold and vivid, each one teeming with Gipe’s unique drawings. It is a roaring tale that knows when to tamp its own fire–which is another way of saying that it is funny as hell but will hurt you too. Certainly, you’ll never forget its illustrations or its narrator, Dawn Jewell.

Sample sentence: The skinned trees stood gray and clear like old people talking, no word wasted.

Me and My Daddy Listen to Bob Marley: Novellas & Stories by Ann Pancake

ann pancake

Counterpoint, 2015
Originally from Romney, West Virginia.

There is a rhythm that courses through the lines of these stories. I find myself regarding Pancake’s sentences with awe. In them you’ll find the remnants of real lives lived, the particular pain and beauty of working people, and the complexities they navigate with a dangerous ingenuity that matches Pancake’s own style. She makes a world that only she can name, and it is a world of mud and bone and blood and rust. It is somehow both beautiful and alarming, a rare a combination.

Sample sentence: Fangs are something everybody has four of, but Robbie Phillips’s fangs are the longest I’ve ever seen on a human, and then he has more than that.

Between Wrecks by George Singleton

between wrecks

Dzanc Books, 2014
Originally from Anaheim, California, he grew up in Greenwood, South Carolina.

Singleton is undoubtedly one of the funniest contemporary writers anywhere. His ability to capture the absurd ways in which we conduct our days is remarkable, for it exposes us as altogether futile and honorable and pitiful and lovable creatures. Singleton’s characters reveal the modern South for what it is: new, old, stuck, and moving, all at once. River rocks and fake arrowheads and ancient car cigarette lighters and bourbon mark the path onward. Listen to the way people speak in these stories. There is truth in what they say, and there is life in how they wreck themselves.

Sample sentence: How many philosophers found themselves stuck at the back corner of a junkyard, drinking blind-worthy white lightning with a man destined to kill a tree farmer and a man without a kickstand?

Turn Me Loose: The Unghosting of Medgar Evers by Frank X Walker

medgar evers

University of Georgia Press, 2013
Originally from Danville, Kentucky.

Walker’s Affrilachia is a book of poems I always find myself returning to, and with his latest, I was reminded why. He has once again put forth a collection of precise and bold verse to shake up the world of contemporary poetry, and he has also reanimated our shared and horrifying past. This is a brave and immeasurably important book told in the voices of Evers’s widow Myrlie, Evers’s brother, as well as in the voices of Evers’s murderer Byron De La Beckwith and his wives. Find out the meaning of the title, read the book, and never let any generation forget Medgar Evers.

Sample line:

Wove my spine to his so he could stand
magnolia tall and blossom for all to see.

Refuge by Dot Jackson

dot jackson

Novello Festival Press, 2006
Born in Miami, Florida, she has long lived in her ancestral upstate South Carolina.

Dot Jackson possesses a writing style that is pure and incantatory, as if spoken to the reader. It is as if the author has channeled this Mary Seneca Steele and we are lucky enough to listen. This is the best kind of journey tale, the kind that leaves behind “proper” coastal environs and heads for the hills, where life is elemental and violent yet full of loyalty and grace, where a woman such as Mary Seneca might finally be free.

Sample sentence: And songs the bees sang to me, in my sleep, and songs the wind would sing on the stove pipe, when I would doze off, in the rocking chair, sometimes.

Water Street by Crystal Wilkinson

water street

Toby Press, 2002
Born in Hamilton, Ohio, she grew up in Indian Creek, Kentucky.

In fiction writing workshops, I often use the opening chapter as a lesson in point of view. Wilkinson uses “we” in a manner that is so inviting and comfortable as to cast a spell upon the reader that lasts until the very last page. This is a communal book, and by that I mean that the we of the book’s people is ever-present, whether it is literally used as the voice of the teller or not. Water Street is memory, preserved and intact.

Sample sentence: There you can buy a hogshead cheese sandwich for a dollar and get chopped steak and pork chops on credit.

TED WILSON REVIEWS THE WORLD: VACCINATIONS

★★★☆☆

Hello, and welcome to my week-by-week review of everything in the world. Today I am reviewing vaccinations.

Recently, there’s been a lot of disagreement about vaccinations which I’ve learned about while researching the topic on Twitter.com. Twitter is like an encyclopedia that doesn’t take too long to read. It seems some people prefer to have their children vaccinated because they want to give them autism. Others avoid vaccinations because of Obama.

I never got vaccinated and except for the time I temporarily died from measles, I turned out fine. Those two minutes and ten seconds are gone forever though. Then again, my nephew got all kinds of vaccinations and he’s fine, too. So I don’t know, maybe vaccinations don’t really matter either way?

Jim Carrey would disagree. He’s not in favor of vaccinations at all. He’s so committed to this belief that he sent out a very stern tweet saying so. If that doesn’t show he cares, what does? And if there’s anyone who know’s about science, it’s a celebrity who quit school at age 15 and spent decades playing Stephen Hawking.

Who wants to get a needle stuck in their arm? I guess it depends on what’s being injected, but most people don’t. If vaccinations came in the form of a chewy candy, or a Paul Rudd doll you could just rub on your skin, I think a lot fewer people would object to them. Paul Rudd might object.

I’m excited for the day when genetic engineering is so prevalent that vaccinations are obsolete, and then people will stop arguing about them. Then we can argue about whether we should engineer our children to have bird wings. The pro-wing side will talk about the dangers of tiger attacks on land-dwelling children, and the anti-wing nuts will have something to gripe about I’m sure.

Vaccinations raise a lot of questions in my mind, but none of those questions are as pressing as one: Who stole my rake from my yard? I think it was there yesterday when I dozed off in my lawn chair but when I woke up I didn’t see it. Why would someone steal a rake in the summer? After I figure out the rake situation I can get back to vaccinations.

BEST FEATURE: Not contracting and/or spreading diseases to people.
WORST FEATURE: If you tell the wrong person you got your kids vaccinated, you’re likely to get punched, or at the very least, not invited to a party.

Please join me next week when I’ll be reviewing Ted Bundy.

Announcing, A New Series From Electric Literature: The Writing Life Around the World

Electric Literature is happy to announce the launch of a new series: The Writing Life Around the World. We’ve asked some of our favorite international authors to tell us about their working lives and their literary communities. How do artists in Lagos make a living? What are people reading and writing about in Dhaka? What subjects are taboo in Guatemala City? We’ll be bringing you regular dispatches from established and emerging voices, writing from home and in exile. You’ll read about everyday life, publishing, political repression, and social change. Some worlds will be familiar, others less so; all of them will be bound by a shared pursuit: writing.

Check in with us twice a month, July to December, for new work from E.C. Osondu, Dorthe Nors, Romina Paula, Can Xue, K. Anis Ahmed, Yoss, Fazilhaq Hashimi, and others. The series kicks off on July 15th with a startling, rueful essay from Eduardo Halfon:

Just after I published my first novel in Guatemala, in 2003, I had a beer with the Salvadoran writer Horacio Castellanos Moya, who was living there at the time. We met at an old bar called El Establo. As soon as he saw me walk in, he raised his bottle of beer, congratulated me, smiled a crazyman’s smile, and then warned me to leave the country as soon as possible…

Eduardo Halfon, Better Not Go Saying Too Much (2015)

Join us for The Writing Life Around the World.

This series will be edited by Electric Literature’s Dwyer Murphy and supported by a grant from the Council of Literary Magazines and Presses and the New York State Council on the Arts.

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Every Love is an Overdose: Cult of Loretta by Kevin Maloney

Early in Cult of Loretta, Nelson, the narrator, remembers getting high on household solvents with his friends under the gingko trees in a high school courtyard during lunch. “It was Nash’s turn to bring the drugs and he brought Comet,” Nelson says. “We took turns passing around that green cardboard tube full of powder, nobody quite courageous enough to shake some out onto a history book.” Nelson’s friend Tyson finally volunteers. “Here goes nothing,” Tyson says. He snorts the Comet and then he drops.

Nelson remembers, “We stood over Tyson, more or less watching him die, and then the school nurse arrived and then an ambulance.” But this is just one of many instances of deranged rebirth in Cult of Loretta. In the final lines of the chapter, Nelson reports, “When [Tyson] came back to school a few weeks later he was wearing a t-shirt with a black-and-white photograph of Sitting Bull on it. He said his name was Blackbird now, and after that, we called him Blackbird.”

Cult of Loretta — the fantastic debut novel from Portland, Oregon writer Kevin Maloney — takes place on the squalid underbelly of northwest towns like Aloha, Oregon and Helena, Montana. This is territory where kids snort household solvents, moms inflict burn wounds onto their crying babies, and musicians do so much “screw” they stop believing in the existence of their guitars. Over the course of 140-pages — with segments/chapters/stories that tend to run one to three pages — Maloney’s characters chase after money, drugs, and inner peace. Most of all, they chase after Loretta. “I understood that we were all bastards,” Nelson says, “that any man with blood in his veins who had a chance to sleep with Loretta would take that chance and gladly be destroyed.”

Loretta is less manic pixie dream girl and more manic pixie nightmare. She has sex with other men while Nelson watches. She snorts screw even when she’s pregnant. Even her physical appearance — her chest is permanently scorched from the hot soup poured on her as a baby — is part lurid. But, she also has a cult of aching and hypnotized drug addicts who will stop at almost nothing to win her heart.

Nelson remembers when, at nineteen years old, she was dancing for him to “Out on the Weekend” by Neil Young. He says, “…all I wanted was for her to hurry up and get in bed with me so I could take off that shirt, but all I want now eighteen years later is for her to slow down, to take her sweet time, to never quite reach me. Because when she finally crawled up on the bed and took off her shirt and I kissed her scalded left breast and her half-scalded right one, it felt like the best thing that had ever happened to me, but it was nearly over… I didn’t feel anything until three years later when I hit the ground.”

It goes terribly for each guy who pairs up with Loretta. Nash tries to kill himself by jumping out a third story window, fails, and then succeeds on the second attempt with pills. Hoyt — a devout follower of Ghandi — is nearly driven to murder. Nelson gets so high on screw that he tries to cut off his dick with the wrong side of a razor blade. In “Treasure,” after Nelson and Blackbird dump Nash’s remains over the Burnside Bridge, Blackbird says, “I’m worried.” “About what?” Nelson asks. “Loretta,” he says. “She’s plucking us off one by one.”

Cult of Loretta is devastatingly gorgeous and horrifying. It’s very much in the spirit of Denis Johnson’s linked, drug-fueled classic Jesus’ Son. Like Johnson, Maloney often works with serene and vulgar imagery simultaneously. Take the opening from “The Goat Farm”:

“We drove from Portland to Helena in Bennie’s 1964 Ford pickup, taking turns pissing into a Gatorade bottle, Loretta using a funnel rigged for the purpose. The green trees of Oregon gave way to yellow grass, high desert, and a sky like somebody cut off our eyelids.”

Maloney’s work also resembles Scott McClanahan’s, another fantastic Lazy Fascist Press author. Like McClanahan, Maloney writes lush, gritty, and compact vignettes that crescendo through bizarrely particular and hectic circumstances. Much like McClanahan, Maloney’s plot-points gracefully fade and reappear over the course of the book, and often his stories are broken into parts (“What Happened to Nash, Part I,” “Part II,” Part III,” etc.).

In a climactic Cult of Loretta chapter called “Tiny Toon Adventures,” Loretta overdoses again and falls and hits her head on a piece of stolen medical equipment. Her heart stops. Nelson snorts a line of screw so he can think more clearly and then tries to bring her back to life with a stolen defibrillator. It doesn’t work. He goes out to his car and prays to his Virgin Mary statue.

“I begged her and fell on the ground and sobbed and said that if she saved Loretta, I’d never do screw again and I’d become a tugboat captain and dedicate my life to helping homeless people, giving them polo shirts and tennis rackets, whatever they needed to not suffer so much.” When Nelson goes back in the house, Loretta is reborn. She’s calmly watching Tiny Toon Adventures on the couch. She asks if they have any more screw.

The novel builds toward the birth of Allie, the child of Loretta and the by-then-dead Nash. In one scene, Loretta says she’s sick of all this shit and just wants her baby to be normal and become an accountant. Nelson prays that he was right about what he told her: that all those drugs hadn’t already “microwaved” the baby’s brain. But despite their best efforts, Allie is taken from them after they accidentally leave her in a car in a hot parking lot.

“I was doing the very best I could,” Nelson says, “I was fully aware that my very best was still kind of shitty.” Things would improve for Nelson if he could free himself of his need for so much money, which comes from his need of so much screw, which comes from his need for Loretta. In one chapter, Nelson tells his co-worker, Sandy, about how his girlfriend is a stripper who has oral sex with her customers. “What’s so special about this Loretta?” Sandy asks him. “Everything,” Nelson says.

Loretta is his reason for living.

Cult of Loretta

by Kevin Maloney

Powells.com

The Experience and the Art of the Thing, an Interview With Karim Dimechkie, author of Lifted by the…

Lifted by the Great Nothing

Last month, Karim Dimechkie published Lifted by the Great Nothing to wide acclaim, including high praise from The Paris Review Online and from Oprah.com, which named it one of the season’s best books. He spoke to us about his novel, what drew him to his themes, and just what the heck’s going on in that scene…

Jake Zucker: I’m always interested how a novelist — especially a first-timer — plots his work. In addition to the major motions in Max’s story, there are other more subtle wrinkles — I’m thinking specifically of Max’s relationships with students at school. It seems effortless to the reader, but was it difficult for you to conceive of that material, and how much revision and reworking did it take to space out all the digressions correctly?

…the spurts of hypnotized writing, where I’m virtually unconscious and just dreaming onto the page, are the only things I trust in the drafting process.

KD: It’s only when I’m not trying very hard that I believe I might be onto something. As long as the plot is more-or-less stitching itself together — even if it’s barely coherent — I don’t do any editing or re-plotting until the whole thing is down. Editing too early has proven to be a huge mistake for me in the past. I’ve ruined pretty much every project before this book by revising prematurely. I know not everyone works this way, but I learned that for me, the spurts of hypnotized writing, where I’m virtually unconscious and just dreaming onto the page, are the only things I trust in the drafting process. I don’t realize what I’m writing until I’ve reached the other side.

The subsequent steps are much more intentional — and that’s when I start weeding and reforming like mad. I initially wrote something closer to eight-hundred pages before snipping it down to two-hundred ninety. Relatively few digressions survived that slash-and-burn method. I made sure every deviation was thematically and emotionally important. I also wanted to leave enough space between those seeming detours for them to feel special and worthy of the reader’s investment.

And strangely, the digressions you mention, about Max’s relationships with other kids at school, are pretty much the only truly autobiographical elements in the book.

JZ: How long did that initial drafting take you, and how long did it take to winnow down the page-count? And is there a trick to getting into that hypnotized writing-zone?

KD: The initial drafting took about nine months and the culling and shaping took two years and change. The trick for me to getting into that hypnotized writing-zone is to spend all day with it, trying to get inside the world I’ve started making, letting my eyes glaze over, and literally just transcribing the voices in my head. It sounds loony because it is. I’m lucky if I get two or three of these spurts of hypnosis a day. The rest of the time I bang my head against the wall, try to get the perfect food-to-caffeine ratio going, and pace between the kitchen and my desk, talking myself into staying a writer.

JZ: You mentioned the autobiographical element. I won’t insult you by asking what in the novel is specifically autobiographical, but I will ask if there were real-life events or series of events that spurred you to take on these themes? You’re tackling heavy stuff: identity, sexuality, fatherhood, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the Muslim world…

I’m drawn to characters who aren’t solely defined by their national identity, color, gender, or sexuality.

KD: First let me say that I never set out to “represent” any cultural or sexual identities. When I write a character, I always start with a voice that appeals to me, and only later do I say to myself that it might be interesting if this person were gay or black or Muslim, et cetera (and in some cases I even decide whether they’re male or female after the fact). I’m drawn to characters who aren’t solely defined by their national identity, color, gender, or sexuality. Though those traits are obviously integral parts of a person’s experience, I want that to be one of five or six main traits that delineate a character, as opposed to the heart center of their being — or the reason they’re in my book. This allows me to have a person of color, for example, who has concerns and interests that are not uniquely rooted in race. It actually ends up being an effective way to have three-dimensional minorities that aren’t just functional “types” for plots sake. I feel like if I came to the page saying, Okay Karim, now you’re going to write a black character, the result would be something trite and stereotypical. Instead, I come to the page and just start recording the voice of a person and then slowly begin to imagine said person’s physical appearance.

As for fatherhood and the Muslim world, my father is a Lebanese non-practicing Muslim, and we did talk a lot about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict growing up. It’s an issue I’ve followed closely for many years with much compassion and bewilderment. Also, father-son power dynamics have been an obsession in my fiction from the beginning. My relationship with my dad has long been a central point of confusion and fascination.

JZ: Were you surprised at what you had to leave out? How painful was it to kill those darlings?

KD: I was surprised because, again, the stuff that I put the most effort into was almost invariably the weakest. So it was especially painful knowing that a passage I’d been working on for months had to get chopped. I also had to cut out a lot of jokes — and that stung.

JZ: In general, what surprised you about the process?

KD: The endless nature of it surprised me most. I can’t tell you the amount of times I thought the book was finished only to later realize how far away from the finish line I really was. It’s hard to get perspective on your own writing after having worked on it for so long. Space is essential and so is having a couple of kind and smart readers — though I always ended up feeling embarrassed by how obvious the problems they pointed out were and couldn’t believe I hadn’t seen them myself. It’s hard not to get increasingly myopic when you’re standing so close to your work for an extended period — and nearly impossible to imagine what it’s like for someone reading it for the first time.

JZ: You’ve written a novel about the Muslim world and specifically the outsider status that many Muslims experience and/or are believed to experience in the West, and a huge chunk of your story centers around Paris. Not being a psychic, of course, you couldn’t have predicted the Charlie Hedbo attacks as you were writing, but have you thought about where your work fits into the conversation thereof?

KD: I haven’t thought much about that, no. But I am pleased that my representation of Muslims in this book is pretty extremely far removed from such mindless violence. I think the main thing the book achieves on that front is in showing the variety of Muslim expressions — there is no monolith on the Muslim experience. It feels like that gets forgotten lately. I suspect there are very limited associations and images that come to mind when we hear the word Muslim. So I’m proud to have multi-dimensional believers in the novel. It’s important to increase the pool of associations we have with that word.

JZ: Right on. Switching gears: how hands-on was your editor with your manuscript, after you sold the book? Did that relationship unfold as you expected?

Not every element of your art needs an explanation that would hold up in a court of law. That’s not how art operates.

KD: The edits on the book as a whole were quite light. There were very few suggestions about the plot. Though, there was one sex scene early on in the novel that my editor thought I should cut, on account of it being supremely uncomfortable and nonessential. I also learned that certain publishing houses recanted their offers specifically because of this very scene. My editor was absolutely right about how uncomfortable it was — but also I felt it important, interesting, not at all gratuitous, and maybe even powerful. There’s something comical, only in retrospect, about having a very serious debate on whether a scene about “aided-masturbation” has the right to exist or not. In debates like this, both parties pretend to mount extremely rational arguments for or against the masturbation-scene. There’s this habit in the editing stage, and this holds true in writing workshops too, where we talk about what parts in the writing are “necessary” or “unnecessary.” I’m ultimately flummoxed by this thinking. If we’re being totally honest, virtually none of the book is “necessary.” The story could, ostensibly, be cut down to one sentence, instead of three-hundred pages. But then we lose the experience and art of the thing. So this talk of whether something is necessary or not is just a coded synonym for I liked it or I didn’t like it. Not every element of your art needs an explanation that would hold up in a court of law. That’s not how art operates.

Aside from that one moment, I took about ninety-nine percent of my editors line edits. She’s smart as a whip and was incredibly invested in making the book as smooth and clear and poignant as possible. I’m forever indebted to her for the life force she put into improving this debut. I think, together, we made it nearly twice as good as what they originally bought. A good editor is a lot like a savior.

JZ: That’s interesting. Without giving anything away to readers who haven’t come to your novel yet, was the idea that the relationship in question — between Max and the maturbation-aider — would appear as-is, just without the sex-scene-in-question? It’s hard for me to imagine that relationship without that scene. I’m inclined to think some other dramatic act would need to take its place.

KD: More or less. I think the idea was for the masturbation-aider to imply that Max should masturbate, thus breaking one kind of boundary, instead of obliterating that boundary by actually guiding him through the process.

Getting that inside view on a sexual exchange invariably makes for deep and visceral character revelations. And if nothing else, it’s exciting.

This reminds me of something author Allan Gurganus talks about: how so many literary fiction writers have this impulse to pull away from sex scenes. There seems to be a fear of appearing cheap or less literary if we actually show the sexual encounter instead of intimating it: i.e. the characters lean in for a kiss… and then we cut to the next morning with the shoes on the floor. There’s this convention that implying sex is somehow more profound than actually seeing it. This might sometimes be true, but more often than not, skipping over sex is a missed opportunity. Getting that inside view on a sexual exchange invariably makes for deep and visceral character revelations. And if nothing else, it’s exciting. There’s nothing inherently wrong with being entertaining. It’s hard to pull off sex writing, but if done correctly, I think it’s very interesting reading.

JULY MIXTAPE by Kevin Maloney

CULT OF LORETTA MIXTAPE

While writing the first draft of Cult of Loretta, I listened to Elliott Smith nonstop — on my drive to work, during my lunch break, on my drive home. I wanted to immerse myself in the dark beauty of Portland, Oregon in the late 90s, and Smith’s music is a time capsule of that era. Listening to Either/Or, you can picture him walking down Division St. in a black t-shirt and hoodie, the sky gray and gloomy, the storefronts not hipster coffee shops, but working class bars and strip clubs. That was the Portland of my youth, the Portland I tried to capture in my novella.

But a mixtape featuring nothing but Elliott Smith songs isn’t much of a mix. Instead I’ve put together a collection that taps into the emotional world of Cult of Loretta — a manic-depressive world where teenagers have unprotected sex, get high, hurt themselves and each other in a desperate attempt to find meaning in a meaningless world. Every one of these songs is important to me. I hope you enjoy them as much as I do.

  1. Everything Means Nothing To Me — Elliott Smith

This song’s title sounds like it was stolen from a depressed teenager’s dream journal, but in the mouth of Elliott Smith it becomes a Buddhist mantra repeated over and over until it swells and explodes with the beauty of the universe.

  1. Tonight — Iggy Pop

A song that begins with “I saw my baby / she was turning blue” shouldn’t make me so happy, but every time I hear this song, I become wildly elated and feel like life isn’t just a horrible random mess ending in death.

cultofloretta
  1. Going Inside — John Frusciante

I was really depressed my senior year of high school. Every day after my classes ended, I’d walk to a nearby forest, smoke pot out of an apple, put on my Walkman, and walk around the neighborhood listening to John Frusciante’s Niandra LaDes and Usually Just a T-Shirt. That album is the most fucked up, beautiful piece of music I’ve ever heard in my entire life. Unfortunately it isn’t on Spotify. This song is pretty good.

  1. Venus in Furs — Velvet Underground

Lou Reed is the soul of Velvet Underground, but “Venus in Furs” is all about Maureen Tucker. I’m not even sure she knew how to play the drums. As far as I can tell, all she’s doing on this song is hitting a base drum with a mallet. But the effect is tribal and dark and sounds like your heart when the drugs kick in.

  1. Sugar Mountain — Neil Young

Before my ex-wife and I were married, we spent a day at the beach. Afterwards we lay naked in bed covered in sand and sunburns, listening to Neil Young’s Decade. We were just kids. We barely knew each other. Two years later she was pregnant and our relationship was falling apart, but that day, for a few hours, we were totally in love.

  1. Decades — Joy Division

On May 18, 1980, Ian Curtis watched Werner Herzog’s Stroszek, listened to Iggy Pop’s The Idiot, then hung himself. A few hours later Mt. St. Helens erupted. I was three years old. Our cul-de-sac was covered in ash. A fire engine came and cleared it away with a fire hose. I didn’t find out about Ian Curtis until college.

  1. Too Close — Staple Singers

Between 4:55 and 5:07 of this song I fall on my knees and weep and beg Jesus to rip my pathetic soul from my sternum and shoot it like a bottle rocket to heaven.

  1. Ancestors — Björk

I don’t know what this song is about, but when I listen to it, I imagine Björk giving birth to a goblin named Death.

  1. Goodnight Irene — Lead Belly

When I was 25, my wife gave birth to our baby daughter in a tub of water in our living room. Almost immediately my daughter started crying. She didn’t stop for months. I’d walk her around the neighborhood singing to her. I didn’t know any lullabies, so I sang “Goodnight Irene.” She kept crying and crying. She’s 13 now. I just played this song for her and she said, “Oh man, I love this song.” So who knows? Everything’s a mystery.

  1. The Crystal Ship — The Doors

Speaking of mysteries, I can’t tell if this is the corniest song of all time or the most amazing. I’m going with amazing. There’s a character in Cult of Loretta named Ken who abandons his pregnant wife to pursue his dream of smoking peyote in the desert with a shaman. He doesn’t make it, but I like to think that maybe in some alternative universe he did, and that he flew around in a Crystal Ship with diamonds floating out of his forehead. Ken’s a jackass and a bastard, but even bastards deserve to have their dreams come true.

  1. True Love Will Find You in the End — Daniel Johnston

Cult of Loretta is about a lot of things, but mostly it’s about unrequited love. Nobody loved more unrequitedly than Daniel Johnston. This is probably the saddest song of all time because he genuinely believed this girl named Laurie would love him one day. But she didn’t. She married an undertaker and Johnston became schizophrenic. Years later Laurie divorced her husband and met Johnston at a screening of the movie The Devil and Daniel Johnston. He was still in love with her and she still wasn’t in love with him.

  1. Monster — Y La Bamba

When I moved back to Portland after a decade in Vermont, I walked into a small music venue and heard a six-foot tall Hispanic woman singing the most incredible music. We became friends, and she started a band called Y La Bamba. This song makes the hair stand up on my arms. The first time I heard it I made a painting about it. Later I used it in my book trailer for Cult of Loretta. If the other songs on this mix represent the Portland of my youth, this represents the Portland of today. Despite the massive influx of people from out of state and reckless development of historic neighborhoods, there is still gut-wrenching beauty everywhere.

***

Kevin Maloney is the author of Cult of Loretta (Lazy Fascist Press, 2015). His stories have appeared in Hobart, PANK, and Monkeybicycle. He lives in Portland, Oregon with his girlfriend and daughter.

Are Romance and Erotica Fans Destroying Netflix for Books? Scribd To Cut Tons of Titles

Readers and publishers have long been hoping for a working “Netflix for books,” meaning a subscription service where users could pay a monthly fee for unlimited books. In the past couple years, a few strong contenders have emerged with Oyster, Scribd, and Amazon Unlimited being the most talked about. Amazon Unlimited has been undergoing a controversy recently after it announced that it would pay authors by “page read” instead of by book read. Today, Scribd caused it’s own controversy after the company announced it would drop a huge amount of romance and erotic titles… because too many people were reading them.

Scribd tried to put it in innocuous terms:

We’ve grown to a point where we are beginning to adjust the proportion of titles across genres to ensure that we can continue to expand the overall size and variety of our service. We will be making some adjustments, particularly to romance, and as a result some previously available titles may no longer be available.

But here’s how Mark Coker wrote on the popular self-publishing platform Smashwords that “effective immediately, I estimate 80–90% of Smashwords romance and erotica titles will be dropped by Scribd, including nearly all of our most popular romance titles.”

Why is readers reading a lot of books a bad thing for Scribd and why is Amazon Unlimited changing how they pay? So far, there have been two models for a “Netflix for books”: paying authors/publishers a percentage of a shared pot (Amazon Unlimited) and paying authors/publishers on a per book basis (Oyster and Scribd). Amazon Unlimited is mostly popular for self-published authors, but the shared pot payment model has it’s problems. Because there is a fixed amount of money (the amount is determined by Amazon without much transparency), it means that authors play a zero sum gain with each other. One author’s gain is another’s loss. And if the shared pot gets spread thin enough, authors make barely anything. Amazon’s plan to pay by the page is their attempt to stop authors rigging the system by publishing extremely short “books” and racking up per book totals.

Scribd, on the other hand, pays a retail rate to publishers each time a book is read. This model works really well if people read a couple books a month. Scribd’s service starts at $8.99 a month. Let’s say you are paying creators two bucks an ebook, and most people read two books a month, then you paying four bucks to publishers/authors and keeping 5 bucks yourself. Everybody is happy. Authors and publishers get a fair cut, readers get unlimited books, and Scribd makes a profit. But if a certain subset of readers — romance and erotica fans apparently — start reading five or ten or twenty books a month, then you are losing more money than you earn.

Apparently, readers in other genres are not nearly so voracious in their reader habits. Amazon Unlimited doesn’t have to worry about romance and erotica speed-readers, since fans of other genres will subsidize their payments. E.g., if 10 science fiction fans read 100,000 pages in a month, while 10 erotica readers read one million pages, then the subscription payments from the SF readers will simply (mostly) go to the erotica authors instead of the science fiction authors. (Whether that is fair or not to the science fiction authors that attracted those 10 readers is another question.)

It may seem counterintuitive to eliminate your most popular books, but purging erotica and romance titles may be the only way for Scribd model to survive.

Was 1984’s The Terminator a Harlan Ellison Rip-Off?

In what can either be seen as calculated nostalgia or a desperate attempt at relevancy, old Arnold Schwarzenegger is all set to duke it out with young Arnold Schwarzenegger this weekend in Terminator: Genisys. Both time-travel and robot duplicates allow science fiction to rip itself off occasionally, but was The Terminator’s inception a rip-off, too?Depends on who you ask!

Understanding the old Terminator controversy requires a brief primer on one of the most talented and most prolific authors in the fields of various genre fiction: Harlan Ellison. He’s written for TV and film, but is probably most loved for his short stories, most of which read like little science fiction gut-punches. Most famously, Ellison wrote a bleak dystopian story called “‘Repent Harlequin’ Said the Tick-Tock Man” which shows up on pretty much every single “best sci-fi stories ever” list you can dream up. Robin Williams even did an audio version of it. Also notably, Ellison wrote perhaps the most famous (and best) episode of the original Star Trek; “City on the Edge of Forever.”

And yet, for all of his talent and accolades, Ellison is, arguably, equally well-known for his litigious trigger-finger. And if you’re watching the original Terminator this week to get yourself psyched for Terminator: Genisys, you might notice something funny about the final scene of the film when Linda Hamliton’s Sarah Connor drives off into the desert. Up on the screen, before any other credits, are the words “Acknowledgment to the works of Harlan Ellison.” This is not a direct credit explaining that what you’ve just seen was adapted from one of Ellison’s stories or scripts; instead, the film uses the weird state-of-being verb “acknowledgement.” So what gives?

The story goes like this: in or around 1984 someone tells Harlan Ellison that they think the script for The Terminator sounds similar to his script for an Outer Limits episode called “Soldier,” which Ellison had actually adapted from his own short story, “Soldier Out of Time.” And when we say “similar” we mean that the opening sequences of both The Terminator and “Soldier” are aesthetically close enough to give you pause. Both deal with a guy from the future who ends up on some contemporary 20th century streets. In Terminator, this is Reese; in “Soldier,” a guy named Qarlo. What happened next (according to Ellison almost exclusively) was that the production company in question — Hemdale — started avoiding Ellison’s inquires to see a script. Eventually, after sneaking into an advance screening of the film, Ellison determined that there were enough elements of Terminator similar to both “Solider” and to another Outer Limits he wrote, “Demon With a Glass Hand,” to make a case against Terminator director James Cameron and Hemdale Studios.

Most damning, though, was a quote from James Cameron — which was supposed to have appeared in a magazine called Starlog — in which the director gave an interview about The Terminator ahead of its release. When asked where he got the idea from, he said: “I ripped off a few Outer Limits segments.” This sentiment was apparently repeated when a friend of Ellison’s visited the set of the film and Cameron said that he’d “ripped off a few of Ellison’s short stories” to make the script for Terminator. Now, the quote above is NOT in the final interview (I have the physical issue, plus you can read it here), because purportedly, the editors of Starlog were asked (forced?) by one of James Cameron’s assistants to alter the piece before it went to print. Still, it’s widely acknowledged that the studio paid Ellison something in the range of 65,000 as a settlement.

This controversy can be quickly “explained” by watching the video at this link. Other than one or two blog posts (here and here), this is pretty much the only documentation you can find online, or at least the only one that anyone cites. The funny thing about this video is that it seems spliced together by a fan using footage taken from an old Canadian sci-fi commentary show. I’m not dismissing the validity of the information in the video (at all), but there is a tone to it that has a familiar conspiracy-theory vibe in which people with the “real story” are gleefully sticking it to the man. Personally, I’m more on Ellison’s side (full disclosure, I’ve interviewed him twice) but there’s still something about this dust-up that’s strangely compelling. Mostly, because it’s not and and dried. Ellison certainly didn’t own the simple idea of time-traveling soldiers, and if we think about art as appropriation for just a second in a David Shields kind-of-way, it seems like Terminator couldn’t possibly be a rip-off of these two scripts, or of one short story. Even by Ellison’s own admission, the problem wasn’t the intellectual property, but rather the hubris.

“He could have had it for free,” Ellison says, “if he’d asked me.” Whether this is true or not isn’t super relevant because we can’t visit that alternate dimension. But it does give one pause on all sides of the issue. Say you’ve written a classic short story, one which you think is awesome, and it gets published somewhere notable, and then twenty years later, Rian Johnson or J.J. Abrams is making a big budget movie which contains an opening scene similar to your short story. You’d probably be pissed.

At the same time, if you were James Cameron, why wouldn’t you have asked? Or perhaps all the smoking guns of Cameron saying the word “rip-off” were meant flippantly and he didn’t even know what he was using as source material. Indeed, in the printed Starlog interview, Cameron gushes about having read a ton of sci-fi when he was a kid and that making The Terminator allowed him to come back to sci-fi. It’s very possible Cameron didn’t have an encyclopedic knowledge of all the stuff he’d read when he and Gale Ann Hurd wrote The Terminator. Recently, when I interviewed Alex Garland about another robot movie — Ex Machina — I could distinctly tell that he wasn’t totally sure which specific old-school robot books were his favorites. But I did get the sense that they had seeped into the creative primordial soup from where his movie ideas came from.

Maybe something similar happened with Cameron. Maybe he wasn’t aware of what he was homaging and then when he started running his mouth, things got tricky. (In the printed interview Cameron describes coming up with The Terminator as a “fever dream.”) Or maybe (as the evidence available suggests) Ellison caught someone red-cyborg-handed trying to pass off aspects of his work as theirs. Meanwhile, it seems like neither of them can cop to whose idea it was to have time travel be something you do naked, nor if the phrase “I’ll be back,” will ever slip into the public domain.

So, when the credits roll on the new Terminator film this week, let’s all be on the look-out for the name of a favorite short story writer or two, while at the same time imagining armies of time-traveling writers spying on film directors for clues of flagrant or accidental ripping-off.

Secret Stream

by Héctor Tobar, Recommended by ZYZZYVA

Nathan was pedaling along on Third Street at a robust twenty-five miles per hour when he spotted her, a feminine mirage in black that forced him to stop. Even before his brakes had finished squealing he began to laugh and shout. “Hey, what are you doing up there?” The woman was stuck to the top of a chain-link fence, trying to reach the sidewalk on a stretch of Third Street where Nathan never saw anyone on foot. It’s a cliché about Los Angeles that no one walks, but on that shortcut to the Westside it’s actually true. There are no pedestrians on Third Street and thus no crosswalks. The resulting fast and free flow of traffic feels like a memory of the city’s unencumbered past, and Nathan biked that stretch like a guy driving a Porsche: he was in a hurry, he cut people off, and he didn’t stop to take in the sights, except in this special case when a lithe woman in need appeared before him, attached to the top of a fence.

The barrier in question sealed off the street and the public from the undulating, artificial pastures of a private golf course. A broken strand of the fence had hooked into the woman’s jeans: like a steel finger, it seemed to be pulling her down as she tried to free herself.

“You’re fleeing the golf course,” Nathan said.

She was about thirty years old, with lips glossed burnt umber, and the flat soles of her ankle-high black boots were caked in mud. On the other side of the fence two men in shorts were standing on the seventh green with clubs in hand, studying the geometry of their putts and squinting up at the noon sky. A thin layer of high clouds had drifted over the city,
weakening the sun into a yellow stain, and all the shadows had been erased from the world below, confusing the golfers as they tried to read the dips in the grass beneath their shoes. They were therefore oblivious to the fence climber nearby.

“It’s actually a country club,” she said.

“And you’re not a member.”

“I’m trapped.”

In the moment it took Nathan to get off his bike so that he could help her, she freed herself and leapt off. Her hair rose in a cloud of raven strands, and fell with a splash as she bounded onto the sidewalk. With a few quick swipes of her hands, she brushed some blades of grass and dried mud splashes from her jeans.

“Well, that was embarrassing,” she said.

She took a small nylon bag from her back and removed a notebook and pencil from it, and Nathan suddenly ceased to exist for her as she sat on the sidewalk, her back against the fence. Nathan watched her begin to draw and wondered which of the city’s arty tribes she belonged to.

“Hi,” Nathan said, insisting, because she was dark-skinned and pretty and he felt the need to know why she was trespassing on a golf course. “Excuse me, but… What are you doing?”

“I’m following the water.”

As soon as she said “water” Nathan heard it and felt it: the sound of liquid flowing, dripping, moving through the air, causing oxygen molecules to shift and cool. Looking behind her, on the other side of the fence, he saw a stream. About three feet wide and four inches deep, it curved around some bunkers near the seventh green, and then fell sharply, broadcasting a steady, metallic sound as it disappeared into a concrete orifice beneath Nathan’s feet.

“Fucking country club,” Nathan said. “They shouldn’t be wasting water like that.” It was the middle of August, after all. In the middle of drought-parched L.A.

“No,” the woman said. She stopped drawing and looked at the water again. “It’s not theirs. So they can’t be wasting it.”

“Well, who does it belong to then?”

The woman paused for a second and answered with an amused smile.“The underworld, I guess.”

Sofia was her name and she described herself as a “river geek.” She said she was mapping the creek that ran through the golf course. And also its “tributaries.” It was an ancient stream, she told him, born from a spring at the base of the Hollywood Hills, “bubbling up from the underworld.” She showed Nathan her map, a series of blue pencil lines over a street grid she had pasted into her notebook. “It’s groundwater,” she said. Before reaching the golf course, the stream flowed into downtrodden Hollywood proper, around assorted industrial buildings and parking lots, and also through a junior-high campus and the television studios of KTLA. Sofia described all these things with a reverence that Nathan found disturbing: he sensed that she’d been doing this mapping expedition of hers alone, for weeks, and had never talked to anyone else about it until this moment.

Nathan returned the map to Sofia. He saw that the water in the culvert moved quickly, and was crystalline, as if it were some sylvan stream. This can’t be, Nathan wanted to say. This supposedly natural body of water was trickling under his feet on Third Street, in a wealthy neighborhood called Hancock Park that was surrounded by low-slung, less-wealthy Korean, Filipino, and Salvadoran neighborhoods that were themselves near the geographic center of approximately five hundred square miles of asphalt and concrete.

“The flow never stops. Not even in the summer,” Sofia said. “This creek was here before the country club. Before everything around you.”

Sofia spoke these words and turned quiet, as if to allow the sound of the stream to make the truth of its presence clear to him. She was shy and a loner, like him, he thought. Nathan considered himself a loner, though none of his friends did, especially his women friends, all of whom were fervent cyclists: they thought he was charismatic and often very funny (when he was riding a bike), though clueless when it came to women. Clueless Nathan now concluded that Sofia’s lonesomeness was deeper and more interesting than his own, more attuned to the mysterious and the sublime. She wore a silver scarab clip in her hair, a jeweled stud in her nose, and looking at her made Nathan feel unkempt and underdressed, which is a ridiculous thing for a man on a bicycle to feel.

Nathan told her he was mapping something, too. He was scouting routes for a club of his that met at night and cycled to the most obscure L.A. landmarks they could think of. If she was a river geek, he was a bicycle geek, a map geek, a history geek.

“Our last one was ‘The Tour de Smells.’ We went to a meat-packing plant in Vernon, a garbage dump in the Valley. Our group is called ‘The Passage of a Few People Through a Rather Brief Moment in Time.’ We meet every two weeks.” Sofia wrinkled her brow in confusion as he explained this, as if he were describing some exotic cult. He removed a piece of paper from the bag on his back and gave it to her: it was a hand-drawn map of the route he was currently working on, marked with labels such as “Abandoned Synagogue” and “SDS Hangout.”

“You have beautiful penmanship,” she said.

“Maybe I can help you,” Nathan said. He was a teacher, and classes were out for summer. His days were free and he could follow the stream with her and take notes, he said. Awkwardly, he asked for her number.

“I don’t have a phone,” she said, and Nathan knew instantly that this was true, because she paused and her dark eyes shifted nervously when she was forced to reveal this private thing about herself.

“Let’s meet again at this same place, tomorrow,” he said. “At this same time.”

“OK, but without your bike,” she said. “Because we need to go places a bike can’t reach.”

When they met at the culvert the next day, Sofia was dressed in black again. Her fingernails were also painted black. She led him south, down a gently curving street of assertive mansions, her black boots gliding over the sidewalk with steps that felt like flowing water to Nathan. Sofia was carrying a new map covered with topographical lines and she studied it as they turned west and passed a buffet of overdone tributes to assorted architectural styles: a mini Monticello here, a bloated Tudor cottage there. “This street follows the old stream bed,” Sofia said. “The city buried it like a hundred years ago. But the water’s still flowing down there. In a big drain pipe.”

A block later they reached another fence, and stood above another culvert from which the stream emerged, moving slower, wider and shallower, flowing into a tangle of branches and bushes.

Without a word Sofia climbed the fence and landed with a splash in about an inch of water. “Technically, I’m pretty sure this is trespassing,” Nathan said as he followed her. Sofia marched along the water, pulling back branches for him. Where is this woman taking me? he wondered, and after a few paces he got his answer, as they entered an open space where the suddenly dry air seemed to vibrate under a liberated, ferocious sun. The space was a kind of meadow, framed by two mansions, each so abundant with backyard paraphernalia Nathan felt as if he’d entered the prop closet of a studio dedicated to making movies about suburban American excess. He saw competing steel barbecue machines with gauges and propane-tank attachments; one stood before a tiled-roofed Spanish-style mansion, the other at the base of a turret-topped Moorish castle, as if ready to prepare steaks and burgers for a medieval army. Next to the Spanish mansion a pathway of flat stones led to a child’s climbing structure made of fiery redwood. The Moorish castle’s domain included a marble dining table and a tennis court of emerald cement.

Sofia’s stream snaked through this gaudy landscape, making two gentle turns inside a channel sunken in crabgrass. “I just want to look at it for a while, if you don’t mind,” Sofia said, and she sat down on the grass with her sleeved arms wrapped around her knees. The water flowed in a smooth, flat current, like a bonsai-shrunken version of the Mississippi.

Nathan looked up at the windows of the multistoried mansions around them and wondered if the people inside would call the cops.

“Really, you just want to sit here?” Nathan said.

Sofia nodded with a gentle, wordless insistence. He joined her for a second, sitting on the grass. The water was silent here, and the houses were silent, too, though the birds in the trees around them were engaged in a jazz improv of tweets and hoots and cackles.

After five minutes Nathan mumbled, “I’m going to keep on exploring. I’ll meet you, uh, downstream, I guess.”

Sofia didn’t look up to acknowledge Nathan as he walked away. He was disturbed by the aching weirdness of what he was doing, trespassing amid fake backyard ecologies, the creek leading him on a midday sleepwalk past olive trees, a rose bush, assorted cacti, grapevines, and four cypress trees that loomed over him like monstrous green sentinels. He stepped over a low wooden fence and heard high-pitched yelling. Peering through a patch of ferns, he saw a swimming pool and two boys in bathing suits. One of the boys stopped at the edge of a diving board and stared at Nathan when he stepped out into the full sunlight. Nathan waved. The boy waved back and jumped into the pool with a percussive splash.

Nathan followed the stream into more backyards until he reached another culvert and climbed over it to the safety of a public street. As he waited for Sofia to appear, he looked back at the stream, admiring the way it trickled and whistled in the wind. The city tried to tame the water, but it still followed some pre-historic course through the subdivided and built-up land. The stream had a lifespan measured in geological time, and, looking at it, Nathan felt at one with the centuries, the millennia, and the epochs. Maybe that was why Sofia followed it, why she was back there in someone’s yard staring at it. When she looked into the stream, she was looking at timelessness.

Nathan waited forty minutes until Sofia finally appeared, her feet splashing in the water. She caught his eyes and raised the corner of her lips in what might have been a smirk. Or maybe just a smile. He reached out to help her climb up to the street, and she allowed him to keep his hand clasped to hers a moment longer than necessary.

“Thank you for waiting for me,” she said.

On the bus ride back home that afternoon Nathan thought about how smart and beautiful Sofia was, and how their private obsessions with public spaces matched, and he wondered if he’d finally found the ideal loner with whom to share his solitude. He wondered what he might say or do the next time they met, now that he’d clasped her hand.

When they met the following day, Sofia led him toward the southwest. “I’m glad you came back,” she said. “I thought I’d scared you off yesterday.” She gave him a playful look that caused a warm electricity to pass through his spine.

“Yeah, trespassing isn’t usually my thing,” he said. “But following a secret stream is pretty wild, pretty audacious, I must say.”

Sofia led him away from Hancock Park and the houses began to shrink, and the streets widened and filled with more cars that were driving faster, and the people inside these vehicles had darker skin tones that more closely matched hers.

“I think I know where this stream hits daylight again,” she said.

“Where?”

“You’ll see.”

As they walked past a sixth, seventh, and eighth block, Sofia told him about the river and its history. She’d spent many hours in the Central Library, she said, immersed in the accounts of California amateur geologists and naturalists of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, looking for references to streams and groundwater. In Sofia’s universe, natural history was never erased, and water could still flow underneath the six lanes of Olympic Boulevard, and listening to her Nathan felt ashamed of the modern-day thoroughfare and the way he’d enjoyed its straightness, speeding toward the glass ghosts of downtown towers on the smoggy horizon. All these years in L.A., he’d been unaware that he was riding over a stream whose old Spanish name Sofia had just revealed to him.

“El Arroyo del Jardín de las Flores,” Nathan repeated.

“Correct.”

He wanted to walk alongside Sofia but she kept drifting one or two paces ahead. “What is it you do?” he asked finally, and the question caused her to slow down. “For a living?”

“Nothing, right now. I used to work in a museum no one ever visited,” she said. “A state park that got closed down. It was an old rancho with lots of beautiful and rusty old things inside.”

They reached a park surrounded by tall modernist office buildings whose painted cement skins were flaking in the sun. “I know this park,” Nathan said. “I always thought it felt like Manhattan in the desert.” A glass tower stood nearby, about eight stories tall, smothered in dust and slowly dying, its several hundred windows long unwashed. They climbed down a gentle, lawn-covered slope, to the spot where a large corrugated tube emerged from the grass. El Arroyo del Jardín de las Flores now resembled the flow from an oversized kitchen spigot, seeping into a crevice between the park’s lawns, trickling through foot-tall reeds.

“The stream used to flood every winter,” Sofia said. “That’s why there’s a park here. No one could build on this land.”

Sofia found a spot overlooking the creek and sat down. Nearby a
child of about seven was building a bridge over the creek with his father. They had fashioned a little roadway from pieces of eucalyptus bark, tree branches, and dried reeds. Nathan watched the boy and his father work with steady, playful purpose, bringing palmfuls of mud from the streambed and tufts of grass and more twigs, and using them to cover the surface of their roadway, until the bridge itself started to look like a specimen of jungle flora. The boy took three miniature cars from his pocket and put them on the roadway, and then he stepped back and watched the stream flow underneath.

The boy and his father and their bridge made Nathan feel content, nostalgic for his own boyhood, but they had no effect on Sofia. Sitting there, staring at the stream, she looked like a woman trying to imagine a world without civilization. Or like a woman straining to understand some ferocious and overwhelming idea contained in the water’s flow.

“You don’t have to stay here with me,” she said, suddenly. “I’m fine alone.”

“No, I don’t mind. It’s peaceful here,” Nathan said, though he was lying, because he knew he would never get used to the idea of sitting in one place, in the middle of summer, just to look at flowing water.

“My ex-wife got laid off, too,” he said, to make conversation. “She worked for the county. In social services.”

“How long were you married?”

“Sixteen months.”

“I was engaged,” Sofia said, keeping her eyes on the stream. Three sparrows fluttered over the water and landed nearby, and they began playing a game of hopscotch on the grass, bouncing into the stream and bouncing out. “He was a drummer,” she said. “He died four years ago this month. Of pneumonia, which is crazy.” For some reason the silence that followed was not filled with an overwhelming sense of tragedy. The sparrows disappeared and the water flowed. Sofia had been a loner before, Nathan concluded, and she would still have been following this stream, alone, even if her drummer had lived to marry her. A very faint breeze drifted over the grass and Nathan felt the glass skins of the modernist office buildings dissolving into sand in the sun.

“I just like to spend time with the water,” Sofia said. “You understand. Right?”

“What do you see?” he asked. “When you look at the stream?

“It’s not what I see. It’s what I feel.”

“What do you feel?”

“That it’s been waiting here for me to find it.”

Nathan did not know what to say to this. He didn’t believe in fate. When he discovered cool things on his cycling explorations, he didn’t think it was his destiny to find them. But he couldn’t say any of that, and instead he felt defeated at his inability to take their conversation to a place that didn’t feel so anchorless. Her communion with the stream was making him feel anxious. He needed to keep moving, and he looked at her pleadingly, as if to say, Can’t we just keep on exploring? But she didn’t notice or care about his discomfort. Instead, she took out a book to read.

“If you want, I could read this to you,” she said. “It’s poetry. This one is called ‘The Idea of Order at Key West.’”

The poem described a woman standing on the edge of the ocean, singing. Nathan listened for the argument of the poem, or the story it told, but there didn’t seem to be one. Eventually he began to focus on the sound of Sofia’s voice instead, the precise and slow whisper with which she read each line. The poem filled up her solitude with awe and wonder, especially when she read the line “The sky acutest at its vanishing.” But the poem itself made less sense to Nathan the longer it went on. When she finished he couldn’t think of anything to say other than the exceedingly lame comment, “It’s beautiful.”

“If you don’t mind, I’d like to wait here until the sun goes down,” she said finally. “I want to see the stream fade in the light.”

The summer sunset was at least five hours away. Nathan decided he couldn’t sit that long. He’d wished he’d brought his bicycle, instead of having to take the bus back home again.

“So,” he said. “At this same place, at the same time, tomorrow?”

“Sure.”

Before Nathan left for the bus stop, he walked over to examine the bridge the boy and his father had built an hour earlier. A line of ants was crawling over it. In their shuffle march, the ants were crossing the stream from north to south, as if they’d undertaken a mission of exploration to new, undiscovered lands.

On the bus ride back home, Nathan remembered the first line of the poem: She sang beyond the genius of the sea. He imagined a conversation in which Sofia talked about the poem and explained it to him. Nathan would then share his own introspective musings and talk about how he channeled his curiosity about the city into his riding, exploring on his bicycles (he owned three). He imagined sharing his passion for the city’s geography with Sofia, telling her about routes that led to destinations that the city’s haters called “nowhere,” though in Nathan’s mind each of those places was definitely somewhere. And finally, he imagined that Sofia would actually find all of this interesting and agree to go riding with him.

But when Nathan saw Sofia again at the park, he instantly understood the absurdity of his fantasy. Their eyes met and she said with a smile, “We’re almost done.”

Nathan followed her, silently. They left the park, and walked along Pico Boulevard for a mile until they reached a brick cube labeled “LIQUOR.” She led him around to the back, to a small parking lot of eroded asphalt, and a fence topped with barbed wire.

“Here it is,” she said. They walked up to the fence and looked ten feet down into a muddy slough littered with bottles, white plastic bags, and the desiccated corpse of a cat. At the bottom, a strip of tar-black water not more than four inches wide moved slowly westward.

“Bummer,” Nathan said.

“Yeah, it’s pretty ugly. Let’s keep going.”

The water advanced between rows of cinderblock buildings, and then it slipped under Venice Boulevard, a street so wide, flat, and long it swallowed up all the city around it, as if it were a corridor cut through time-space that would suck them up and spit them out in some other dimension. Venice Boulevard finally guided them to a concrete basin with vertical walls, the kind of domesticated “river” for which L.A. was infamous. El Arroyo del Jardín de las Flores fed into this channel from a rectangular hole in one of the sidewalls: like a slaughtered animal, it bled a black stain onto the concrete.

“That’s it?”

“Yes.”

Nathan looked at his watch: it was late, and he thought they should continue their trek tomorrow. “So,” he said. “At this same place, at the same time?”

“No,” Sofia said abruptly. “This is where our stream ends. Our stream is a tributary of this thing you see here, which used to be a real river.”

“Ballona Creek,” he said.

“It flows into the ocean, over by the Marina,” she said. “I’ve been there a dozen times.”

“Me, too.”

“So you know: Ballona Creek is a straight, man-made ditch going into the ocean,” she said. “It just makes me feel empty, going there. I don’t know why.”

“Maybe if I go there with you, you’ll feel different.”

Sofia shot him a skeptical look, and then studied him, as if she were measuring him somehow, or assessing the value of their incipient friendship.

“OK, then,” she said.

As he rode the bus home Nathan thought a lot about Sofia’s tepid “OK, then.” He quickly came to the conclusion that she wouldn’t be there to meet him the next day.

When he woke up the next morning, he was certain Sofia wouldn’t be there. If he wanted to see Sofia again, Nathan thought, the best strategy would be to seek out more streams and hope that his path crossed with hers again. For a moment Nathan imagined a life in which he pursued a river obsession as madly as Sofia did, following streams under skyscrapers, past football stadiums, factories, and tenements, selling off his bicycles as he surrendered himself completely to this new quest. He’d buy all sorts of river-hunting paraphernalia: divining rods, maybe, or waterproof shoes, and one day he’d run into Sofia at some hidden urban wetland and they’d resume their riparian wandering together.

The hour of their meeting came and went and Nathan didn’t leave home. It was the way he’d handled relationships with women since his wife left him: he preempted disappointment.

Instead, that afternoon, in the hours before sunset, he rode his mountain bike up the dirt paths that led to the top of Mount Hollywood. From that perch he took in the sprawl of the city, and imagined the aquifers percolating inside the mountain below his feet, and the water that escaped to follow secret channels through the city. Nathan thought about Sofia’s thin fingers drawing a map of the stream with colored pencils, and he thought about the sound of her voice reading the poem. He’d found a copy online and now he read it on his smartphone. The sea was not a mask/No more was she. The poem continued to perplex him, as if it were written in a code understood only by women who stared at streams.

A few days later Nathan returned to Ballona Creek on a road bike. He did not expect to find Sofia, and he glided quickly past the point where they had last spoken. He was going to follow Ballona Creek to the ocean. There was a bike path the last few miles.

Fed by several more tributaries, Ballona became a creek worthy of the name in its final stretch. He reached the beach, and then pedaled past it, because the path continued on a breakwater that jutted into the sea. When the path ended, Nathan stopped and took out his phone. He read more lines from the poem — The heaving speech of air, a summer sound/ Repeated in a summer without end. The meaningless plungings of water and the wind. The words unsettled him and he decided not to read them again.

Nathan preferred the certainty of maps, and he imagined the place where he was standing as represented on a map: the fixed, black line of the bike path, and a dot for the path’s terminus. Below his feet the cold Pacific swallowed up the freshwater from Ballona Creek. He thought of the thin flow of El Arroyo del Jardín de las Flores swirling and dissolving in the estuary, transformed into foam and green droplets laden with algae. When he looked up at the horizon, the sea was as big and blue and welcoming as he remembered it. The ocean swayed, it rose and fell, and it played with the light and the moving air. Nathan realized, suddenly, that he was seeing Sofia’s poem and its “plunging waves” and “gasping wind” come to life, and this thought caused him to laugh out loud. He felt surrounded by a presence that was feminine and circular, as if he were standing inside the warm and soothing whirlpool of a woman’s thoughts. Nathan stared at the water and allowed his mind to drift. When he looked down at his watch again, he realized he had been standing there, looking at the ocean, for an hour.