Your Winter Reading Horoscope

Winter can be a difficult season, but luckily I know the cure for the winter blues: cozying up with a great book. But with all these “Best Of” and “Most Anticipated” lists that just came out, it’s hard to pick the right read. What a relief for you that this horoscope contains the definitive, perfect new books to read for every zodiac sign. It may be cold outside, but these new books will warm you right up.


Aries

God of Mercy by Okezie Nwọka

A magical-realist story about a village in Africa that refuses to be colonized, and a flying girl who could change everything is definitely the right book for Aries. Anti-colonialism, a war with the gods, the evils of the Catholic church, and the power of transformation are themes that any Aries can get behind. Check out our reading list by Okezie Nwọka about postcolonial novels reckoning with change in Africa.

In Case of Emergency by Mahsa Mohebali, translated by Mariam Rahmani

I felt like Aries in particular would appreciate a satirical novel about Iranian counterculture. In Case of Emergency follows a young woman with an opium addiction who wakes up to find an enormous earthquake has destroyed Tehran, she’s run out of drugs, and the only way to get more is to cross-dress and trek through a newly-changed city, avoiding her dysfunctional family and friends as best she can. Read our interview with Mariam Rahmani on translating Tehran Farsi.


Taurus

The Cat Who Saved Books by Sosuke Natsukawa, translated by Louise Heal Kawai

This is literally a book about a young man who inherits a secondhand bookstore, and then is visited by a talking cat who wants to help him save all the unloved books in the world. Most Tauruses probably aren’t even reading this description because they bought the book immediately, based on the title alone. 

I’m Not Hungry But I Could Eat by Christopher Gonzalez

Food! Bodies! Cravings! What’s more Taurus than that? These short stories chart queerness and hunger in the lives and bodies of queer Puerto Rican men. Gonzalez’s book will make you crave connection and reconsider your relationship to your body. Read our interview with Christopher Gonzalez on the relationship between identity, desire, and intimacy.


Gemini

Fiona And Jane by Jean Chen Ho

As one of the Cool Girl books of winter 2022, Fiona and Jane has to go to Gemini. The interconnected short stories in this book trace the lives of two Taiwanese American women as they navigate life, love, and friendship. Read the short story “Kenji’s Notebook” from Fiona and Jane here

The Four Humors by Mina Seçkin

Another Cool Girl book that Geminis need to know about. A young Turkish American woman becomes obsessed with ancient medicine when she’s supposed to be studying for the medical school entrance exam. A story involving family secrets, questionable boyfriends, unpredictable sisters, and a search for meaning that gets out of hand is sure to entertain any Gemini. Check out our reading list by Mina Seçkin about books with millennial narrators who are children of immigrants. 


Cancer

Tides by Sara Freeman

After a tragic loss, a young woman flees her old life and ends up in a seaside town with no money and no connections. When she starts working in the local wine shop and falls for the quiet shop owner, she must confront her past and the reasons she left home. Romance, tragedy, mysterious pasts, and the sea—are you interested yet, Cancer?

No Land to Light On by Yara Zgheib

A young Syrian couple living in the US are on the brink of achieving their dream life, when a family tragedy forces the husband to return to Jordan suddenly. On the day he’s supposed to return, his pregnant wife waits at the airport, not knowing he’s been detained at the border. A story about love and longing that’s ideal for tender Cancer.


Leo

High-Risk Homosexual by Edgar Gomez

Gomez’s intimate, entertaining memoir that moves from cockfighting rings in Nicaragua to drag queen conventions in LA is almost as fun and dynamic as you, Leo. This memoir about queerness, family, race, and power is perfect for charismatic Leo. Read Edgar Gomez’s essay on the pitfalls of writing his deeply personal memoir here

Brown Girls by Daphne Palasi Andreades

This one might not scream Leo from its description alone, but Andreades coming right out of the gate with a hugely popular debut novel written in the third person collective is extremely Leo energy. Following a group of girls as they grow up in Queens, New York and move out into the larger world, this novel is great for Leos who are looking for a book to impress their literary friends. Read our interview with Daphne Palasi Andreades on all the small glories and pains of immigrant girlhood.


Virgo

The Library by Andrew Pettegree and Arthur Der Weduwen

Listen, I’m a simple guy: if somebody publishes a book about the rich and extensive history of libraries, from ancient collections of scrolls to modern community spaces, I assign it to Virgos. Don’t pretend like you’re not interested in learning more about the complicated and exciting history of the library, because I certainly am.

The Latinist by Mark Prins

A dark, sexy campus novel that’s also a retelling of a classic myth? Hello, clever, mysterious Virgo. The novel follows a classics student whose prestigious mentor is both obsessed with her and bent on ruining her career. But when the student makes a discovery that could change her entire field, she may finally have the power to escape her mentor.


Libra

All of You Every Single One by Beatrice Hitchman

Okay, Libra, get ready for this: a queer bohemian love story set in Vienna in the early 1900s. A woman in an unhappy marriage runs away to Vienna with a female tailor, and together they navigate a rapidly-changing city that might just have a place for them. A queer historical novel full of truth, beauty, freedom and love: all of Libra’s favorite things.

The Island of Missing Trees by Elif Shafak

A doomed romance narrated by a fig tree, and a young woman seeking answers about her parents’ mysterious past feels very Libra to me. This novel traces the aftermath of a political revolution by following two lovers with families on opposing sides of the war. It’s like Romeo and Juliet, but with a political and ecological bent, which is to say it’s perfect for Libras.


Scorpio

Devil House by John Darnielle

A book about true crime, haunted houses, and teenaged devil worshippers living in an abandoned porn shop? The only way this book could be more Scorpio would be if it doubled-back on itself and questioned the true impact of both true crime reporting and writing in general—oh wait, it does do that. You’re welcome, Scorpios. Read our interview with John Darnielle about turning real-life people into characters and the consequences of storytelling.

Cyber Mage by Saad Z. Hossain

I can’t tell you exactly what makes this a Scorpio book, but I can tell you 100% that every single Scorpio I know would be completely obsessed with Cyber Mage. This post-climate-apocalypse, cyberpunk fantasy novel literally has it all: nanotech, mercenaries, djinns, hackers, a Russian crime syndicate, mysterious AI, and, of course, high school drama. 


Sagittarius

I Came All This Way To Meet You by Jami Attenberg

Attenberg traces her travels across the globe and shares what she’s learned about writing and life in this memoir about finding your passion and holding onto it for dear life. Creativity, art, and travel abound, and I know Sagittariuses will love this book that’s part memoir, part travel writing, and part rumination on craft. 

Perpetual West by Mesha Maren

This romp of a novel travels from Virginia to Texas to Mexico and encompasses missing husbands, secret affairs with lucha libre wrestlers, the cartel, Mexican activist groups, and missionaries. As pulpy and fun as it is smart, Sags will be stoked on this book.


Capricorn

Admissions by Kendra James

James’ memoir about being the first Black legacy student to graduate from elite boarding school The Taft School is definitely a Capricorn read. A reflection on inequality in the education system, a meditation on what it really means to make it in an unjust country, and an often hilarious indictment of the American elite, any Capricorn is sure to find something to love in this book.

Joan Is Okay by Weike Wang

This novel about an ICU doctor facing challenges at work, in her family, and in the oncoming storm of COVID is perfect for hardworking, determined Capricorn. Joan’s job is her life, and she likes it that way. But when her father dies and her mother moves back to the US from China, Joan’s once-comfortable routine is suddenly thrown into chaos. Read our interview with Weike Wang on her new book. 


Aquarius 

Manywhere by Morgan Thomas

Aquarius, prepare yourself for this short story collection about queer and genderqueer characters searching for themselves in history, and creating queer mythology as they do. Very gay, very gender, very Aquarius. Read the short story “The Daring Life of Philippa Cook” from Manywhere here

People from My Neighborhood by Hiromi Kawakami, translated by Ted Goossen

A collection of interconnected very short, surrealist stories about strange and impossible characters—who could love this collection more than Aquarius? This book of magical, macabre, modern fairy tales is sure to entice the zodiac’s favorite weirdo.


Pisces

Chouette by Claire Oshetsky

It’s a book about a human mother who gives birth to an owl baby, so obviously it has to go to Pisces. A dark, magical, unsettling depiction of motherhood and authenticity. What more can I say? I know Pisces will fall in love with this book.

Defenestrate by Renée Branum

A generational curse, a journey to understand family lore, the city of Prague; this book has Pisces written all over it. In a family cursed to always fall—in every meaning of the word—a pair of twins must travel to the city where the curse began to search for a cure. A strange, magical book for a strange, magical sign. Check out our reading list by Renée Branum about family curses. 

This Mangy Mouth Could Swallow You Whole

Spooks (the state who replaces religion doesn’t want to adopt a dog with me)

As I grow older I like looking at chaos
like the Westminster shows. You fight me 
with your omniscience—dogs who look like dogs
are bred that way. Like I’m supposed to love 

a rescue who looks like a wormhole 
opened up in the evolutionary tree. Don’t call me 
Noah, or some kind of dog park pervert. 
I use videos of glossy-haired weiners 

eating raw meat as ASMR 
to fall asleep. Duck hearts and chicken necks are all part
of the deal. You love all ten hours
of video showing a mangy biter, 

a clotheshorse chained to a fence since god 
knows when. Bloodhounds have the ears 
to make a cone for their noses so they scent 
by following the ground 

instead of smelling out. Just for the threat of it, 
we’re who the other wants 
as a pet. So it’s true you’ve saved me. But don’t
forget, this mouth could swallow you whole.


Spooks (dissection)

JA teaches me (it’s my choice) to cut 
out the heart / of the emo tomato. 
(With consent.) / My high school chemistry / 

professor was kicked off / every jury 
she tried to duty / when she had no 
fingerprints / from burning them off / 

on Bunsen burner hot plate testing. 
She’s excited one / of the cats we had / 
delivered in formaldehyde was pregnant. 

Triplets. On the subway / PSA, three faces say stop 
the spread wear a mask. One says not quite / 
with the nose out / someone has slapped 

their sticker / life begins 
at conception and in small font / 
and ends with planned parenthood. / when I was little 

and things were unplanned, a stranger hosted me and made me /
lasagna because all children, even foreign bodies,
love lasagna. I hated tomatoes back / 

then, a picky eater. When it was time 
to eat, I ate / the bubbly, cheesy, crispy, adjectives / 
that sell well in the food world. / The pool 

swimming across the street / like a blue gem, a round cap
of a formaldehyde / jerry can. Things were different then. 
She was a silk painter / and worked for planned parenthood, which helps

families plan when they want children / years later
my bioethics professor / find him on tv / 
he pops out like a pregnant belly’s button / he’s the mean principal

on the simpsons / does a double take 
spotting / me sleeping in the front row like a good 
girl he shows / a tomato seed swimming 

in tomato jelly / and calls it 
anti / life and I will always throw up in 
my mouth / at the sight of human 

blood. (Any blood.) / Anyway 
the sticker next to it is a super hot Satan 
so sign me up! Evangelicals / doing their work huh. 

He really didn’t hold office / hours of nothing for us.

7 Books About the Complex Relationship Between Africa and China

At some point you’ve likely read about swashbuckling explorers or intrepid sea-farers who’d made arduous but gutsy journeys into the vast dark unknowns, to sniff out spices, unearth precious metals, or to fight for their freedoms. The Americas, Asia, Australia, Africa—we have almost certainly once read (and learnt)—were discoverable

How to Be a Revolutionary by C.A. Davids

With a growing sense of clarity, we understand how solipsistic these readings actually are, vanishing the lives of the people who were on already-occupied lands. And as history is perceived through ever-widening lenses, the past’s narratives necessarily shift, altering how we understand the present and the future. Literature opens to tell these tales. Take for instance changing perceptions of the recent African-Sino relationship: the former is not one country but 54 separate countries, and, interactions between continental Africa and China are anything but new. 

My novel How to Be a Revolutionary is set in contemporary Shanghai and stretches into previous decades to delve into the lives of characters Zhao, Beth and the beloved American poet, Langston Hughes who—while living in seemingly unrelated worlds—are more closely bound than they can know. There are many more ways to read about Chinese and African interactions, and at the personal level, as well as the geo-political. Here are just seven:

The Dragonfly Sea by Yvonne Adhiambo Owuor

Yvonne Adhiambo Owuor writes long, languorous sentences with enough room to get lost in. Owuor’s second book The Dragonfly Sea draws a picture of Pate, off the coast of Kenya, that offers an experience that is at once vicarious and visceral (as the author did in her first epic novel, Dust).

The Dragonfly Sea tells the story of Ayaana who is amongst the distant progeny of a Chinese sailor who, centuries earlier, were shipwrecked during Zheng He’s exploration of the African coast (likely predating much Portuguese engagement with the continent). These shipwrecked sailors integrated with the local population. Ayaana is elected to carry the glory, but also the burden, of the genetic link between Kenya and China. The offer of a scholarship to study in China is accepted gratefully, but brings its own complications. Nonetheless, it sets off Ayaana’s own journey of discovery to China and Turkey and into her own, often troubled, existence. 

Paper Sons and Daughters: Growing up Chinese in South Africa by Ufrieda Ho

“I lie on the lap of a giant pink teddy bear and stare up at a galaxy of full stops in the perforated canopy of my dad’s old Cortina.”

So begins Ufrieda Ho’s exquisite memoir of her life growing up as the child of Chinese immigrants to South Africa. Was she Chinese or was she South African? Both, actually, but neither entirely. It is a dominant theme throughout the book: this sense of being caught between worlds and cultures. During apartheid, being Chinese in South Africa meant being a second-class citizen, yet also offered a degree of invisibility and thus defended against apartheid’s harshest laws, reserved for its Black citizens.

One of the book’s most moving stories’ is that of Ho’s father, who stowed-away aboard a ship headed for South Africa. In the new country, her father must buy an identity from an already established family, making him a paper son (as many did). To earn a living, he becomes a fahfee runner—an illegal gambling game, especially popular in Black townships where he becomes “ma-China.” Though his career brings rewards and a degree of shame, it offers the family a life in South Africa that is retold with considerable warmth. 

All Under Heaven by Darryl Accone

South African arts and culture critic Darryl Accone writes of another family that came to the country in search of fortune. A compelling work of auto-fiction, Accone recounts the lives of three generations of his Chinese family in South Africa. It begins with a journey from Sha Kiu village in southern China in 1911, via Hong Kong, to ultimately seek wealth in Johannesburg. Accone writes of the Chinese countryside with poetic weight:

“there was more and more: mountains with strange shapes, rivers that ran yellow, gorges so deep that sunlight never touched their depths.”

These descriptions evoke a sense of longing for an ancestral home, pulling at the very notion of homeland. Here too, there is a sense of ambivalence: South African or Chinese? Accone writes forcefully about the humiliations as the absurd apartheid laws are implemented:

“But what kind of country will these children inherit when they grow up? Look at things today. We can’t own houses anywhere. Our children need permits to attend private schools. We can’t stay in hotels because of the liquor act. We can’t have a drink in hotel bars or lounges, though ‘foreign Chinese’ can.”

A Casualty of Power by Mukuka Chipanta

A Casualty of Power, by Zambian writer (and aerospace engineer) Mukuka Chipanta, is amongst the earlier novels (in a burgeoning arena) to explore the contemporary link between China and an African country. The story is set on a Zambian Copperbelt mine, where an incident of labor unrest leads to a horrific act of violence. Neither come off well: the Chinese supervisors far from home and immersed in a new country and culture—often portrayed as reverting to exploitation, if not outright bias against their African labor force, nor the African government officials, who sell off the mines cheaply, choosing personal gain over societal benefit.

At the core of the story is Hamoonga Moya, whose every initiative and dream are thwarted because of widespread dysfunction. While the novel sometimes leans towards an anthropological telling of Moya’s life, and the Chinese accents slide into caricature, it is a powerful rebuke of both the government’s complicities in the misuse of resources and lack of accountability.

China’s Second Continent by Howard W. French

Howard French is a Columbia University journalism professor and previously a New York Times senior journalist and foreign correspondent (he has been bureau chief in several places, including Shanghai). French has spent considerable time traversing or living in cities around the globe, and speaks several languages, including Mandarin, fluently. In many ways, he is uniquely placed to write this book. The title, China’s Second Continent, gives it away. French writes:

“The totemic statistic thrown around about recent Chinese migration to the continent even though it had no firm source, was one million over the last decade. The Chinese government’s statistic about the country’s involvement with Africa were in fact both sparse and vague. High on my list of priorities was an attempt to determine if that number was roughly accurate.”

Through a series of compelling encounters across Africa, French zeros in on the motives of Chinese migrants—not just the faceless economic machine, but the individuals at the forefront (or frontier). French’s fluency in Mandarin enables him to get close enough to ask pertinent questions. This makes for reading which is not always comfortable as cultural misunderstandings, stereotypes, and open racism is laid bare. 

How I Accidentally Became a Global Stock Photo by Shubnum Khan

Shubnum Khan is a South African writer whose face has advertised products and services around the world: skin-lightening creams, carpets, dentistry and so on, without her express knowledge or any payment, since she unwittingly signed away the rights to her image as a student. In her quirky book of essays, How I Became a Global Stock Photo, she documents a multitude of strange and endearing incidents during her travels.

In an essay set in Shanghai, the author is invited to a party that she knows little about. “Angry with the world” the day of the event, she goes along anyway, only to find herself at a wedding party where the all-women guests are invited to pick from a rail of gorgeous white gowns, have their faces and hair done, treated to prawns and cakes. Odd yes, but her short essay also illuminates something interesting about Shanghai. Perhaps it is a “strange city,” but it is also a place for wild dreams and chances, a city with a flair for overstatement and the peculiar. Khan never does say if photographers documented the party, but from the picture of the very photogenic Khan in a wedding gown, she is likely selling dresses somewhere.   

Stories of the Sahara by Sanmao

First published in 1976, Stories of the Sahara is an anomaly, having sold over 15 million copies (including in Mandarin, Japanese, and Spanish, while the first English translation only appeared in 2020). Writer Sanmao—whose real name was Chen Ping—was born in China in 1943 and with her parents, left for Taiwan at the age of six.

Her Stories of the Sahara takes place in what was once called Spanish Sahara. At the time, the Western Sahara was under Spanish colonial rule (since decolonization, Morocco has laid claim to most of the territory). The collection of essays has inspired millions of travellers across Asia to follow Sanmao’s peripatetic journey. It found an audience just as China was opening to the rest of the world and travel was becoming a reality, and when Taiwan was in the throes of its economic boom. Sanmao’s real allure as a writer is to be found in her independence and fierceness of spirit, her rejection of tradition and perhaps too, the tragedy of her life. Sanmao took her own life at the age of 47. The work endures. 

A Literary TSwift Mashup From Your Wildest Dreams

I don’t know about you, but I’m feeling … like there’s little I love more than an interesting combination, especially if it’s unexpected. Salt on my ice cream? Yes, please. Goats and yoga? I’m curious. Bathrobe on the Red Carpet? I’m not going to say it’s Style at its finest, but I admire a fashionista’s Fearless ambition to make it work. The point is: Two Is Better Than One, and the appeal of a good mashup is limitless.

No one understands the formula for a magic mashup better than Amy Long, the mastermind behind the Instagram account Taylor Swift as Books, which pairs photos of TSwift with book covers. In an interview with LitHub, Long described her project as harnessing cultural lightning in pursuit of good literary citizenship, the lightning being TSwift and the good literary citizenship being the promotion of small press writers and cover designers. 

Call It What You Want, with nearly 7,000 followers and counting, Taylor Swift as Books is a success—and the posts are Gorgeous

… Ready For It? Below is a sampling of my Taylor Swift as Books favorites. Enjoy!

Queer Poetry for Every Sign

Poetry and astrology are both tools that can help us understand our lives. Astrology gives us a framework to better see ourselves and locate our gifts. Poetry gives us the freedom to dream and the invaluable reassurance that someone out there has felt our feelings before; we’re not alone in our sorrows, our happiness and our thousands of indescribable feelings.

As LGBTQIA+ lives are not always easy to navigate, poetry and astrology can both provide guides to help us understand our relationships, our world and ourselves. Queer poets come in all shapes and sizes – and more important, they’re spread out throughout all the signs of the zodiac. From Sappho and Oscar Wilde to Michelle Tea and Nikki Giovanni, these poets have long given us the gift of their poems to help us make sense of our lives. Reading a poet who shares our sign can also help us better appreciate the characteristics of the sign as well as the poems themselves. 

If You’re an Aries, Read Jericho Brown’s “Track 1: Lush Life”

The boldness of this poem exemplifies what Aries are all about. These fire signs are fierce, ambitious and bold. In this case, the narrator is drawn to the same nightclub every Saturday: “You drive to the center of town / To be whipped by a woman’s voice.”

The poem ends as boldly as it starts, with a promise to keep living this very specific kind of “lush life”: “Speak to me in a lover’s tongue— / Call me your bitch, and I’ll sing the whole night long.”

If You’re a Taurus, Read Adrienne Rich’s “Planetarium” 

This poem begins with a nod to the female astronomer Caroline Herschel, after whom several comets are named. Rich pays homage to Herschel throughout the poem, pointing out that she was a woman making moves in a field dominated by men. 

“she whom the moon ruled   

like us

levitating into the night sky   

riding the polished lenses”

This poem (written by a Taurus) expresses the tenacity of Tauruses everywhere. These bullish earth signs will go to the end of the earth (as Herschel quite literally did) to accomplish what they set out to do. 

“The radio impulse   

pouring in from Taurus

         I am bombarded yet         I stand”

If You’re a Gemini, Read Federico García Lorca’s “Ode to Walt Whitman”

Lorca pays homage to a fellow queer Gemini poet in this energetic poem, which begins by describing the men of the city: 

“Along East River and the Bronx, 

the young men were singing, baring their waists, 

with the wheel and the leather, the hammer, the oil.” 

The poem continues describing the boys of New York, with a Gemini-like switch between pleasure and agony. At a time when homosexuality was much more criminalized in the U.S. than it is now, Lorca speaks of “the overcast swamp where the boys are submerged” and notes that “the moon whips them on into terrified corners.” 

In spite of the social constraints of the time, the poem also shows the ecstasy of being queer. Lorca says, “Not for one moment, Walt Whitman, comely old man, / have I ceased to envision your beard full of butterflies,” conjuring up a magical and kingly image of the revered poetry icon. 

If You’re a Cancer, Read June Jordan’s  “Poem for My Love”

Cancers are water signs who are overflowing with compassion and empathy. As this poem’s narrator recognizes just how special her bond with her lover is, she marvels: “How do we come to be here next to each other / in the night.”

And later:

“I am amazed by peace

It is this possibility of you

asleep

and breathing in the quiet air”

Full of love and full of hope, Jordan’s poem speaks to the romantic in all of us. 

If You’re a Leo, Read Ali Liebegott’s “The Beautifully Worthless” 

“The Beautifully Worthless” is a novel written in verse, following a woman as she leaves her lover behind and takes her loyal Dalmatian on a road trip. In one of the poetry excerpts from the story, she describes her aching love for a married woman. The story is full of light, energy and fire – she ruminates on “the half-lit wavering sun,” “the light of a lamp on a desk” and “the light / of that bright winter afternoon.” 

Even brighter than the light, though, is the narrator’s natural Leo charm. As she admits to her married paramour:

“You think I fall in love all the time. 

I should tell you the truth about something.
This week I asked three people to marry me.
You, my ex-girlfriend, and the librarian.”

Leos are, after all, extremely charismatic. 

If You’re a Virgo, Read Natalie Diaz’s “Of Course She Looked Back”

If this poem is interpreted as a modernized look at Lot’s wife, readers can imagine a Biblical character turned into a pillar of salt after she looked back at Sodom while escaping the city, then seen as a very wicked place. 

The ever-steady narrator knows she needs to leave quickly, but her practical mind is still preoccupied with the logistics of her escape:

“She wondered had she unplugged
the coffee pot? The iron?
Was the oven off?
Her husband uttered Keep going.
Whispered Stay the course, or
Baby, forget about it. She couldn’t.”

The Virgo in her is trying her best to keep everything organized, despite the fact that nothing about the escape goes according to plan. 

If You’re a Libra, Read Ocean Vuong’s “On Earth We’re Briefly Gorgeous”

This poem represents the balanced nature of Libras, the sign of the scales: “How I wanted to be that sky — to hold every flying & falling at once.”

Libras’ love for nature glows in one of the poem’s most beautiful stanzas, which presents both the humanity and cruelty of nature: 

“Say surrender. Say alabaster. Switchblade.

Honeysuckle. Goldenrod. Say autumn.

Say autumn despite the green

in your eyes. Beauty despite

daylight. Say you’d kill for it. Unbreakable dawn

mounting in your throat.

My thrashing beneath you

like a sparrow stunned

with falling.”

If You’re a Scorpio, Read Marianne Moore’s “A Graveyard”

In this darkly beautiful poem, the narrator sees the ocean as the titular graveyard. Scorpios are water signs, known for plumbing the darkness of the human heart – or in Moore’s case, the vast ocean that surrounds us all. 

The narrator states, “the sea has nothing to give but a well excavated grave.” This chilling line encapsulates the Scorpio mindset – Scorpio is the sign of sex and death. 

The poem continues, expressing both the depth and the mystery of the deep and dark ocean:

“and the ocean, under the pulsation of light-houses and noise of bell-buoys, 

advances as usual, looking as if it were not that ocean in which dropped things are bound to sink— 

in which if they turn and twist, it is neither with volition nor consciousness.”

If You’re a Sagittarius, Read Saeed Jones’s “Anthem” 

Before passing away in 2016 at the age of 116, Susannah Mushatt Jones was the world’s oldest living person. She was born in 1899 in Alabama and spent her final days in Brooklyn, New York. Sagittarius poet Saeed Jones pays tribute to this woman who lived through so much of American history. 

“But—just a few breaths before
she died—the oldest woman in America decided
her body could carry the highest note, one last time,
for the rest of us. Something about the nature of Black
lungs breathing through 116 years and 311 days.
Something about what being born in Alabama in 1899
and making it to 2016 in Brooklyn does to the throat.
It was a spring evening and the stars refused to sit still,
blinking as they burned above her in the dark.”

Sagittarius is the sign of wisdom and flexibility, and this poem shows what the indomitable Susannah Mushatt Jones represented to Black Americans. 

If You’re a Capricorn, Read Carol Ann Duffy’s “Valentine”

Instead of a more traditional “cute card or a kissogram,” the narrator of this quirky love poem opts to give her lover an onion: “a moon wrapped in brown paper.” 

“Its fierce kiss will stay on your lips,
possessive and faithful
as we are,
for as long as we are.”

Capricorns are known to be tenacious, and the narrator holds true to her belief that a pungent onion – with its intense smell, classic flavor and surprisingly large amount of health-positive properties – is much more meaningful that any cliché card or candy.

If You’re an Aquarius, Read Audre Lorde’s “Recreation”

In this poem, two writers come together in love – all that passion, all that emotion! As one lover says to the other:

“my body

writes into your flesh

the poem

you make of me.”

Aquarians fall in love deeply, and Lorde’s beautiful language showcases the creativity the sign is known for.

“Touching you I catch midnight   

as moon fires set in my throat   

I love you flesh into blossom”

If You’re a Pisces, Read Chen Chen’s “Poplar Street” 

This daydreamy poem is a one-sided conversation between the narrator and an unknown stranger (soon-to-be friend) whom they meet by chance. The awkwardly endearing narrator tries to bond with the stranger with delightful non-sequiturs: “Maybe, beyond briefcases, we have some things / in common. I like jelly beans. I’m afraid of death.”

The poem demonstrates how people (and especially LGBTQIA+ people) yearn for connection and must reach out to create the communities and families that they need: “I’m trying out this thing where questions about love & forgiveness / are a form of work I’d rather not do alone.”

The sweetness and thoughtfulness of the Pisces shines throughout Chen’s work as he meanders through his imaginary conversation. 

How Nudity Both Reveals and Conceals

When the narrator of White on White arrives at the apartment, they assume that they will have the rooms to themselves, a beautiful light-filled place to serve as home base while they conduct their research on Gothic nudes. But soon after arriving, their landlady Agnes suddenly appears and explains that, for unexplained reasons, she and her husband have decided that she should live for some time in Agnes’s studio above the narrator’s rooms. A painter, and the wife of Pascal, a professor in the narrator’s field of art history, it soon becomes clear that Agnes is the primary subject of the book.

White on White by Aysegül Savas

The narrator—unnamed and unidentified, with a gender and history kept purposefully in the background—serves instead as a reflection of an older woman caught in a personal catastrophe. Agnes supposedly begins painting, the white on white works from which the novel derives its title, but her main purpose, it seems, becomes talking, spiraling down into her personal crisis with the narrator as sole and at least partially captive audience.  

The genius of Aysegül Savas’s second novel is the way in which, through the narrator, the reader becomes witness to Agnes’s unraveling via narrative, and through her attempts to put her life in some order via story, we get the clearest sense of the forces driving this woman’s life apart. By stripping away the conventions of fiction, Savas has given us a novel that shows the way storytelling, rather than revealing, can be a way of obscuring, even for the storyteller herself.


Alyssa N. Songsiridej: I’m really interested in writers who write about artistic mediums that are completely different from language and from words. How did you get into the mind of  a painter? What background research did you have to do, and why the choice to focus so much on painting in your work?

Aysegül Savas: Well, first of all, it’s my fantasy career. It’s what I wish I had been, or what I hope to be in a different life, but I don’t paint. Which is helpful, because I wasn’t burdened by a lot of technical details; I could just sort of imagine things. But at the same time, I thought, how is a painter’s process? And when you don’t know too much about the nitty gritty of something, then it seems more alluring and more fun to write about. At the same time, there were things while I was writing when I thought, is this realistic? Like, I mean, do painters really work on easels for example, or is this just a cliché?

ANS: As a matter of fact, I’m at a residency full of painters; I’m the only fiction writer. And they do work on easels, I know that now.

AS: Painting today is such a different thing. I did want Agnes to be an old fashioned painter working with oils, on a canvas and with an easel, because I thought it fit the atmosphere of the book. The one book that really guided me and was a huge inspiration, not exactly for Agnes, but the process of painting, was Celia Paul’s Self-Portrait. She’s a painter and she was married to Lucien Freud, and she wrote an autobiography about being a painter and being a mother and her life.

And, then the other thing about painting, is I thought: Okay, well, I don’t know everything about painting, and maybe I also don’t necessarily want the book to be just about the artistic process or just about the technical aspects of being an artist, but I do want the book overall to have a painterly quality, which is something that you can do with language. I think this is how you transfer another medium on your writing. By paying attention to life. You know, the types of things that painters do, you can also do as a writer: you can pay attention to objects, you can pay attention to dimensions, which is why the narrator also pays a lot of attention to the apartment and the various moods of the apartment.

ANS: Something that really struck me as I was reading the book was the way that, even though, narrator’s interested in nudity and medieval painting, they are so focused on Agnes’s clothes and her objects and the things that she owns. And it seems all connected to this tension between concealment and representation throughout the book, coming through to the objects and through Agnes’s work. I was wondering if you could talk a little bit about that too.

AS: Nudity is one of the bigger themes of the book and it’s not nudity as basically a lack of identity or a state of neutral identity, right? The city that the book takes place in isn’t named, which isn’t to say that it’s not a city, and in the world of the book, there is such a city, but it’s just not named. And the identity of the narrator is also not named. The narrator could be a woman or a man, the narrator could be American or you know, English or Turkish or anything. But there’s the state of concealment that is both a state of neutrality, but also a state of mystery. Once you have a neutral state, you begin to load it with meaning and you begin to guess. Like, the narrator reads as a woman to most people who read it. And I was interested in why that is, why our minds project stories. And a lot of people have guesses for the city. It is Paris, it’s Bruges, it’s Rome. And this ultimately has to do with narrative, which is what Agnes’s story is all about. It’s about how she’s shaped everything into a personal narrative and how she’s made sense of her entire life. And in a way the reader is also making sense of all of the material that is presented to them.

ANS: I love what you said about nudity being neutrality and not like an absence. And it’s interesting what you said about so many people reading the narrator as female. I’m wondering if it has something to do with the way the narrator sort of serves as a surface for all the other characters to respond to. Which we tend to think of surfaces as not mattering, but they actually matter a lot, particularly in painting. The sort of function of the narrator is not quite like anything I’ve seen in any other story. And I’m wondering if you think that the narrator serving as a surface gives the book a sort of painterly quality as opposed to what you’re saying about narrative, the way Agnes is interested in narrative. Because it seems like narrative and painting are in tension, like they wouldn’t connect.

AS: I guess part of the reason that most people read the narrator as female—although I’m not sure about this. I mean, it might be because the author is a woman, so you assume the I speaking is also a woman. But also because the narrator seems like a wall for Agnes’s words to bounce off of. So maybe one begins to conflate Agnes and the narrator, or the narrator is sort of a porous surface that absorbs what Agnes is saying.

Once you have a neutral state, you begin to load it with meaning and you begin to guess.

Another reason for this might be that if Agnes is telling such detailed stories, is opening up to someone, this person must be a woman because only women listen to really intimate stories, and also maybe feel uncomfortable about the situation and can’t say I have to get out of here. But none of those are actually determining facts about the narrator’s identity.

The reason I wanted to eliminate all aspects of the narrator’s identity was because there’s an expectation in fiction that we attach to story if we care about backgrounds, if we care about why a person acts the way they do. There are all of these tropes of fiction. You know, make me care about your characters by giving me a childhood memory, gestures, their particular way of speech, and I thought, Okay, what happens if I get rid of all of those things, all fictional tropes and sort of strip an identity naked? Like the nudes that the narrator’s studying. And then what do we care about? And then who do we side with? Do we side with the narrator? When the narrator is cruel to Agnes? Or do we think that the narrator is being a bit extreme or has gone too far in not leaving the apartment or not telling anything to Agnes?

ANS: Yeah, I love that kind of stripped down fiction, the removal of explanations, and it’s interesting that the reader ends up filling in what’s not on the page, like all the things that you’re saying about all the assumptions people make about the narrator based on what they bring to the book, and how the book makes space for someone else.

I was noticing as I was reading that with the book’s structure, it’s not just that I’m interested in what’s happening on the page—I’m also interested in my own reactions to what’s happening on the page. So it’s almost like the reader is participating in this unusual way. And this also makes me think about Pascal, Agnes’s husband. There’s only one short scene at the end with Pascal. And it was interesting to me that he reacts completely differently to the narrator than Agnes does. He gets very upset that the narrator is not responding to him. I was wondering if you had anything to say about their different personalities and what that says about both of those characters.

AS: I wanted to break some of the some of the tension and some of the tedium of Agnes’s monologue. So that’s one sort of technical reason for why he reacts so differently. But on the other hand, it is mimetic of Agnes and Pascal’s lives in some sense. He’s a selfish man. And he can meet this narrator for the first time and say, hey, why are you not sympathizing with me. And he’s so impulsive in this way, and he’s greedy enough to say, Pay me attention and show me sympathy, in a way that Agnes hasn’t been able to do throughout the novel until maybe the very end. And she sort of patiently or perhaps a little bit madly keeps talking to the narrator, maybe in hopes of some recognition but never with the impulsiveness of Pascal. And this might be gendered in some ways as well, because we see the ways that Agnes talks about her children and how she’s how she’s taking on the burden of parenthood in a way that Pascal hasn’t. And how she’s allowed herself to be changed by being a parent in a way that Pascal hasn’t because he sort of has wanted to live his life the way he wants to live it

ANS: I want to jump back a little bit to what you said about Agnes being kind of an old fashioned painter. I want to talk about Agnes’s work itself. We know that she’s making these white paintings but my brain at least didn’t feel very engaged with them. Like I couldn’t quite see them. I wanted to talk about the nature of Agnes’s own work to the narrative and what’s happening to her in the book.

AS: As far as I can recall, we see three, or three sets, of Agnes’s paintings. One set is the paintings that the narrator sees at the gallery, which are colorful masks, and Agnes later says, well, those weren’t really real paintings. I was just pretending to be an artist, and I thought, this is the type of stuff that that artists paint. And I meant them to be sort of false and therefore masks in the way that the whole book is dealing with these masks and the various costumes that people put on to conceal themselves or to appear differently.

A nude body can also absorb so much meaning. You can put so many different types of clothing on it, right?

And then in the main stretch of the novel, she’s working on these white paintings, but we don’t really see them. The narrator sees one of them, of this figure in freefall. But Agnes says she’s painting, but she’s not really painting. It’s not really clear what she’s doing up there and I did want that to reflect her psychological state.

And the white on white paintings—they can be about nudity or about being who you are, but they can also be a sense of being lost, a sense of unclarity about what’s going on. And I think both are true in the case of Agnes. She doesn’t want to look at certain things, or she doesn’t want to face certain facts about her life. But she is also at a state where she doesn’t really care. She doesn’t care if she appears naked in front of the narrator. She wouldn’t be embarrassed. So I think the white on white paintings work in both ways. And it’s sort of a mental fog that she’s in throughout the novel as she’s trying to process her life. And then we have the third painting, which is the Last Supper, which I imagined as a very white painting. But it’s this painting where she’s also finally been able to say, this is my reckoning, and this is what I’ve made of people I’ve been cruel to in in my own life, and also people who’ve been cruel to me.

ANS: It’s very interesting that she paints portraits, and actually, portraits of the people that she’s been cruel to her—her family and the people that she left behind. Like holding an image of them but that’s kind of lacking in some way.

And about the white on white painting—as I was reading, I was thinking about how we think of white as being blank. It’s like the page, it’s like nothing, but also it’s actually also everything. It’s every color being reflected. I mentioned the book to the painters that I’m here with, and they talked about an artist who works only in white because the white exposes the surface of the thing that the color goes on. So I was wondering about that sort of dual nature of the color that’s the title on the book, the color that’s Agnes’s main medium throughout the book.

Narrative is a way of cloaking yourself, right? Because if you’re constantly coming up with your own story, you’re constantly covering yourself up so people can’t see your vulnerabilities.

AS: Once I figured out that the book would be called White on White, I thought, oh, this will be a good metaphor. It will be thematically rich for the rest of the book. It’s both an absence but also everything at once. The Gothic nudes are also like this. There are very, very few Gothic nude sculptures in the golden age of Gothic sculpture, but when they do appear, the bodies aren’t judged. They’re very pure forms. Often they’re there without gender. And they represent these moments of totality. They appear in scenes of the Last Judgement or they appear in the Garden of Eden when either the world is complete or the world has ended and everyone has gathered together. I thought this was very interesting as well. And the idea of Agnes’s white on white paintings echoing the Gothic nude sculptures.

ANS: Absolutely, like the way that the body is there, but it’s also represents something beyond it. It kind of goes beyond its own meaning

AS: Exactly. And this in the same way that white can absorb everything. A nude body can also absorb so much meaning. You can put so many different types of clothing on it, right?

ANS: It’s kind of been like what we’ve been talking about. A nude the perfect surface for some people to project themselves on—desire or whatever or anger or other kind of reactions.

And I love all the stuff with the narrator talking to their advisors, and advisors like, why are you why are you doing this? Why are you studying Gothic nudes? This is really hard. And the narrator’s goal is to try to look at the nude body in the same way as a Medieval person. And that really struck me, because it’s true that we look at these objects from history and we think we’re reacting them the same way. But we aren’t because obviously we have like a completely different culture and history and sensibility.

AS: Yes. And you know, sometimes we think something’s beautiful, or something’s very happy and it might have had a completely different meaning. And taking on another’s consciousness. seems so difficult when you apply it to hundreds of years ago, but it’s equally difficult when the narrator is listening to Agnes and trying to understand—where is she coming from? Is this woman extremely wise, or is she mad or is she very tasteful? Or is she really weird? It’s sort of hard to read Agnes as well, hard to read her cues in the way that art history is hard to read if you’re not in the era in which it was made.

One of the big challenges was finding the research topic for the narrator. I was writing it, and I had started developing Agnes’s character and some of her monologues, but I thought I still needed a framework. I need this Gothic framework, and I knew that the narrator would be researching something Gothic, just for the sake of atmosphere and for the sake of mystery, but I didn’t know what. For a long time, I thought, well, it could be mourning, which I think is one of the topics the advisors suggests. Like mourners in Gothic sculpture.

But then—a book I really is Katie Kitamura’s A Separation. Mourners is the research topic in A Separation, and it works so well in that book, and I wanted something similarly perfect. So I wrote to a medievalist friend of mine asking what would be a good topic for this fictional narrator. And he sent me a whole bunch of ideas—they were all great. And then he said, by the way, this was my sort of fantasy project as a graduate student, and I never wrote it. And he sent me the proposal for the Gothic nudes.

ANS: It’s perfect. Wow. That’s the perfect person to know.

AS: Exactly. Everyone should have a medievalist friend. Maybe three medievalist friends

ANS: That’s funny what you said about A Separation, because I’ve been talking about White on White with the other editors at Electric Literature, and we feel like we see kind of a relationship between your work and Katie Kitamura’s work. Like your books both have this relationship to language and meaning, but White on White has that object-driven pictorial quality we were sort of talking about.

I know I said this earlier, but I just love the description of all of Agnes’s clothes. The smoked colored robe, etc. The world of the apartment seems very rich with colors too.

AS: That was part of the painterly quality I wanted to give the prose. And also the clothing is important from the perspective of nudity. And narrative is a way of cloaking yourself, right? Because if you’re constantly coming up with your own story, you’re constantly covering yourself up so people can’t see your vulnerabilities. And so it was important to me that Agnes’s clothes would be described carefully and that she would go from appearing very elegant and very well put together, which are the first narratives that we get of her and the way that the narrator perceives her, and then she would become increasingly disheveled. And we wouldn’t know—well is this an artistic outfit? Or is it just an outfit on the brink of madness?

ANS: Right, because Agnes seems so careful about how she’s presented. And so it becomes unclear if she’s deliberately presenting something, or if she’s kind of lost control of the train a little bit and things are starting to seep out.

Is there anything I haven’t asked that you would like to talk about?

AS: I guess one thing—how the spareness of the novel came about. I wanted a sort of ghostly quality, as if something was missing. Like there’s something off all the time, but you don’t really know what it is. And part of the way in which that came about was, there was a whole second part of the book, it twice as long (which happens to be the case in all the books I write; I then cut them in half) about the narrator’s life—the narrator’s friends, this group of young people, they go to museums, they go drinking. And then once I removed all of those parallel chapters, all of a sudden Agnes became really insistent, because every other chapter, Agnes is still there. Whereas before, you know, those were watered down with sections on the narrator’s life.

ANS: Wow, we’ve been talking about the narrator’s neutrality, the surface and it’s interesting to hear that there’s all that stuff there.

AS: I got bold, and once I pulled that all that away, and I saw the potential for what Agnes could become, and how I could push it even more. How I could push the weirdness a little further. I thought, let’s strip the narrator completely. So there’s not even the slightest glimmer of background there.

ANS: Oh, the one thing I could not remember. The doubling with Agnes’s cousin, who she wants to be like, and also the doubling in the book itself, like the repetition of the little passage about moving into the apartment.

AS: Oh, the part about how the apartment appears. I was playing around so much with doubles—the narrator and Agnes, the idea of a past self and the current self as the double that you’re constantly looking for. The double someone you admire, in the case of the cousin, and then how this double becomes a ghost, in a sense. You create a double of your desires, you create a double of your narratives, and this double follows you around throughout your life. And I thought, well, this is ghostly, how can I make the entire scene a double. And I thought, I could literally just copy and paste that opening scene, but maybe with a minor difference. Where you think—is this the same thing? Or has something shifted, like when you encounter your double after many years, when you encounter a person you admire after many years, so much has changed. And I thought, when we encounter that luminous apartments at the beginning of the novel, it’s filled with so much possibility, and anything could happen in this beautiful space. And then when we encountered again towards the end of the book, even though it’s the same words, and even though it’s the same empty, beautiful luminous apartment, it’s tinged with a sinister feeling.

Grief Is the Family Business

At eleven a.m., the landscape already crackles on its way to reaching forty degrees before lunch, and the sound of Kathmandu water bottles being refilled ricochets between the three major holiday parks. Radiant heat beams off the coastline in long fumes, shuddering over highways and interstate buses as the liquid inside our bodies hits a quivering boil. The Northern Rivers in summer shakes the shit out of you.

I stand blinking in the light on the welcome mat in front of the main house. My mother leaves the front door unlocked and a coffee on the console table in the hallway for me each morning. I let myself in, pick up the coffee, and then stroll through to the lounge room where Simon and his partners Hugh and Carmen are sitting on the couch. Everyone has been buzzed about Simon’s new throuple, and the three of them have accepted our enthusiasm with grace.

“Morning,” Simon says, looking up from the laptop which is balanced on his knees.

“Come and check this out,” says Carmen. “I think we found one we like.”

I walk over and look at the screen.

“It’s a two-year-old Carpet python called Harry,” Simon says.

“Hello, beautiful…” murmurs Hugh, while Carmen, who is running the mouse along her thigh, hovers the cursor between the snake’s nostrils.

My mother clacks in from the kitchen, wearing heeled sandals and a sundress, her figure like an ancient fertility sculpture that could be placed in the bottom of a grain barrel for luck.

“I still think a dog would work better than a snake, if anyone else is on board?” She passes me a platter of marzipan fruit, which she makes each week as a snack for the bereaved. Mourners need sugar; it helps keep their blood pressure from dropping and stops them from fainting.

“Our reptile license came yesterday,” says Simon.

Our mother scrunches her nose and drapes her hair over one shoulder, combing her fingers through the length of it, and I smooth down my own, trying to make it sit flat against my head. I know she gets up early to blow her hair out each morning; I can hear it from the bungalow. People often compliment her hair, admiring how groomed and polished she is.

“We can discuss it later over dinner,” she says. “As a family.” She beams at Carmen and Hugh, before grabbing her keys from the table and heading to the door.

“Or you could move out,” I say to Simon. “Then you could have as many snakes as you want.”

“Goodbye, Amelia,” he says as I pass him my half-drunk coffee and follow my mother out the door, carrying the marzipan.

Outside, the season continues to announce itself everywhere like an extrovert. Trailing coastal succulents that have been unremarkable for most of the year are now filled with dark pink flowers blooming all at once. Nature has no sense of pacing. The footpath beneath them is stained magenta from where their petals have been trodden on by enthusiastic, early morning joggers, and the effect is like tie-dyed waves underneath my shoes.

We walk to work along the road that runs parallel to the beach, separated only by the screw pine trees and pearlescent dunes. On days I don’t work, I wade out past the break and stand listening to each wave hit the shoreline behind me like a series of overlapping sighs. If you look long enough at the green water you can see the white streak of foam marking an ungodly rip that spirals between the two headlands. A dead baby whale once languidly circled here for half a week, with one eye to the clouds and the other to the ocean floor. Everyone from the town made a pilgrimage to visit the whale, gathering in the sandy car park to watch its white belly glinting in the sun.

As we walk, my mother releases affection in short bursts along the footpath, pausing to stroke every pet we pass. “Good girl,” she coos to each one as they dissolve into an excited mess at her feet. This means it takes an age just to go a few hundred meters, but I don’t mind.

“I forgot to say that Jennifer’s parents have dropped off some photos for reference.” She sighs. “As usual, they’re useless. Both smiling. Both taken from far away.”

“And her makeup bag?” I ask.

“I had to wrestle it off the dad, but it’s on the bench in the prep room waiting for you.”

I focus on the irregular mowing that the council has performed along the side of the median strip, as my mother takes hold of my hand.

“Remember, the clients look like themselves in the same way that a dugong looks like a mermaid, which is not at all,” she says.

We have this conversation regularly—often on this walk.

“The sailors need the mermaids, though. Why? Because they were sad and lonely and…”

She lets go of my hand to squeeze her fingers between the slats of a gate to tickle a whimpering labrador.

“Mourners,” she continues, “desperately need the body to look like the person they knew. They need the same clothing, same coloring, the same expression.”

“I get it.”

“I’m just reminding you—some cases are trickier than others.”

Aurelia’s Funeral Parlour is heralded by a low blond-brick fence, six apricot trees and a large illuminated sign. We are well known in this town full of retirees and clumsy tradespeople, and we only have to compete with one other mortuary—but it’s a chain, and townspeople here like locally owned businesses. We walk up the pebbled driveway and through the double doors that open to reception.

Our receptionist, Judy, trots in from the back office and plants herself behind the long desk. She’s chewing but seems frustrated by the amount of chews needed to get whatever’s in her mouth down. She flaps one hand in the air in a bid to quicken the pace, and her amethyst rings flash as they move in and out of the sunlight.

“You’ve made it so lovely and cool in here,” says my mother. “What’s it on? Nineteen? I can feel each breath hit the bottom of my lungs.”

Judy smiles at her while masticating wildly before swallowing. “Last week’s marzipan fruit,” she says, looking relieved, as I hand her the new batch.

Judy and I are extremely close, having bonded over our common interest in dating. She let me set her up an online profile. Under a bio listing Zumba classes and chick-lit novels, outlet shopping and bonsais, there are some beautiful photos of her looking poised by the Memory Pond. I did her makeup, and my mother lent her a cream pashmina for the shot. We all think it has a Renaissance tone to it. There’s another pretty photo of her laughing while leaning back on the settee; she got a lot of new hits after adding that one.

Her weekly affirmations pepper the desk in front of her. On a yellow post-it note stuck to the dial pad of the phone, she has written, Be present in your fury.

“How is your fury today?” I ask, and she takes a short breath and places a hand on her chest.

“I am present and I accept it. I have made peace with my fury,” she says, and we all know she’s talking about her ex-husband and his jet ski company.

Like most funeral homes, the foyer has been made to look like a formal sitting room. Boxes of tissues punctuate the corners, and hidden away beneath chairs and shelves are wicker baskets full of face wipes and small packets of complimentary chocolates. Nestled among the lounges and armchairs is an antique table displaying silk flowers trailing like comets from a cut-glass vase. From here, I can see through to the viewing room, where the services are held, and to the mourners’ nook, a curtained area off to the side. The bereaved are welcome to recline here, relaxing on the velvet settee while recharging their phones and inhaling the sweet smell of the floral carpet deodoriser.

We take it in turns to have breaks in the nook when there are gaps between the services. Simon uses the space for midday naps and I like to eat the chocolates and look at my phone. Judy and my mother use the space as their personal lunch room, chatting loudly enough for all of us to hear, which dispels any feeling of privacy that a closed curtain would usually bring.

Judy leans over to the photocopier and pulls a stack of memorial programs from the printing tray. On the front cover is a photo of Jennifer wearing sunglasses and smiling, photo shopped into an oval frame with scalloped edges. Her name and today’s date is typed in an ornate font, and as I trace the small circle of her face with my thumb I feel the first edge of sadness for the day. Over the years I have learned that grief is conta gious. You can catch it if you get too close. Before I knew better, I would go to each service and sit in the back row, staring at the families as they stared into the casket, the low thrum of sadness circling the room until it reached me, where it would spread through my body like shrapnel.

Vincent bounds through the office door, mop in hand.

“Ah, I see my daughter thinks it’s appropriate to arrive late to one of the biggest funerals of the year.” He rests the mop against the wall. “And her mother too.”

There are already rings of sweat on his paisley shirt and the large checked cravat around his neck looks damp as well.

“Turned up late morning, just to torture me.”

He hurries over to one of the lounges and brushes it down with loud whacks, arcing his flat hand through the air and creating a cloud of dust motes that is actually quite cinematic in the morning light.

“And no one except me ever dusts anything!”

Once I saw Judy watching raptly while he cleaned a wall fan. Vincent moves like he’s dancing, she said in an undertone as he waved a damp cloth near the blades. And having witnessed him undulate the vacuum cleaner around Aurelia’s many times, I have to agree: he has a dramatic litheness that is rare.

“Your son is late too,” I say to Vincent as Simon pushes through the door, using one shoulder to prop it open as he kicks forward a box of biscuits and milk. He drops two plastic shopping bags full of tissues in front of Judy’s desk before rummaging around in his pockets for the receipt.

“We should make a move,” my mother says to me. “Only a couple of hours until it starts.”

People turn up early if the person who has died is young. It’s because their discomfort is so agitating that they can’t sit patiently at home or in the car outside. The earliest anyone ever turned up was three hours before the service. That was for an eight-year-old who had drowned in a neighbor’s pool. The mother couldn’t bear another moment without being near him; she was already walking up the drive as we were turning on the computers for the day. It seemed like the whole town came to the funeral, gazing at the boy in his small coffin while his mother stood at the lectern with wide, shell-shocked eyes and spoke about him in the present tense. When I saw her a year later in the local greengrocer, she was choosing mandarins with the robotic action of a person who had nowhere to be. It looked like she was just passing time until she could be with him again. Drowning—years more slowly than he did, but drowning nonetheless.

My mother and I take jumpers from the hallway cupboard and pull them on, then push through the heavy door into the prep room, adjusting to the temperature and the vinegary smell of the chemicals. I switch to breathing through my mouth, and loosen up the muscles in my back by twisting from side to side. It’s a big audience today and I need to do a good job. I’ve read some of Vincent’s books on meditation and everything is related to the mind and the breath apparently. The mind is a muscle, the body is a vessel. If you’re anxious you can dilute the feeling using willpower. Dissipate. Dissipate. Dissipate.

Jennifer is laid out in a mid-range coffin in the center of the room. She is about my age, with broad features, heavy eyelids and a Cupid’s bow for a mouth. As I lean closer, I can see that Vincent has flooded her body with a rose-colored wave of formaldehyde, which makes her look pink and full. I brush her fringe either side of her face, and straighten the green dress she’s wearing so that it is square across her shoulders. Everyone I see in this room is special in their own way. You can’t tell me that a cold body is bad, because to me it’s not even close. Sometimes I try to explain to people that the shell of a hermit crab is beautiful whether it’s empty or being used. It’s a sculpture. It’s a home. It’s natural, organic, delicate. I love the shell. The shell is magical.

“They want her hair in a low bun, some pieces around her face,” my mother says as she walks over to the bench and opens an envelope. “The grandmother’s pearl earrings are in here somewhere.”

She shakes a wad of tissues out onto the bench for me. I’ve always found jewelry difficult because it’s such a tender and slow process. I can’t rush through unclasping and reclasping precious things. Anyone in this industry will tell you that putting a necklace on someone, or pushing an earring into an ear, is an intimate thing.

I unzip Jennifer’s makeup bag and spread the contents across the metal countertop near the sink. There’s a terracotta blusher. Fawn eyebrow pencil. Pencil shavings. Mango lip gloss. A tube of tinted sunscreen. A bent eyebrow brush. Mascara, and four lipsticks. Along either side of the zipper are her faded fingerprints in foundation. A beige pattern of her flight path as she got ready each day, opening and closing this case.

My mother slides the trolley over and I pick out some of the makeup to add to it. As I wheel it across to Jennifer, there’s a brief knock at the door, then Vincent opens it, clutching a bunch of young irises to his chest.

“These just came but it looks like too many to me,” he says, placing them on the bench.

“No, that’s how many I need,” I say.

There’s silence in the room while I adjust the position of Jennifer so that one hand covers the other completely.

“Who did you see last night? Was it the mechanic?” Vincent asks, leaning casually against the cupboard.

“You can’t ask that,” says my mother. “Let her be.”

“Just a friend,” I say.

“Josephine and I would love to meet some of your friends one day,” he says.

“Sure,” I say.

“She’s just blowing off steam,” my mother tells him. “It’s totally natural.”

“I’m just checking she’s not depressed,” says Vincent.

“She’s doing fine,” says my mother. “Aren’t you, Amelia?”

“I’m fine, I’m happy,” I say.

I hold up a few of the foundations next to Jennifer’s face so I can see which one will suit, and settle on two. It’s good practice to use the client’s personal makeup mixed with some industry standards. For an undamaged face like Jennifer’s, you can just use an oil-based, full coverage foundation. Chemist brands are highly pigmented and do the job well. Most of us are already using the makeup that we will wear at our funerals, unless something severe happens.

I pull on the thin gloves and squeeze a large dot of each product onto the back of my hand, then roll a short-haired brush through it before dabbing it evenly across Jennifer’s knuckles.

For suicide cases I prefer to start where the injury is located because that’s where people will be looking. For necks I use scarves and turtlenecks. For wrists I use flowers as a prop so that nothing is showing. Every single person who comes to her funeral today will approach her coffin and look at her wrists. I think it’s human nature to want to look at wounds. It must be.

“Great color,” Vincent says, placing his hand on the edge of her coffin. “You know, before all the legal regulations and blah blah bullshit, I used to get on the tools and do all this myself.”

“You were useless,” says my mother. “Ham-fisted.”

“That’s not true,” he says. “You used to say to me, Only you are allowed to do my face when I’m gone. Don’t let anyone else touch me.

“That was before Amelia was qualified. Until then I had to come in here and blend every day. Every day, Vincent. You gave them all red apple cheeks.”

I change brushes and try to keep my full attention on Jennifer. There are only two shades of nail polish you can use in my opinion, and I get the sense that she is more of a cappuccino than a blushing coral. I’ll paint her nails last, then spray them with a varnish dryer. I glance around the room, trying to locate the crate of nail supplies.

“Name one person I did that to,” Vincent is saying.

“Lucas Reid,” my mother replies immediately.

He waves his palm through the air like a metronome. “That was thirteen years ago, Josie—thirteen years ago.”

“Completely unrecognizable,” my mother says, shaking her head and clasping her hands together under her chin.

Vincent had set Mr Reid’s face a few shades darker than necessary. I remember my mother piling navy chiffon around his face and lighting him from the side, while Judy frantically scattered gladioli around the base of the casket as a distraction.

“I really need to focus if you want her to be ready in time,” I tell them.

Vincent bows deeply in my direction. “I’ll leave it to the expert then.”

“I’ll go too,” my mother says before gesturing to the irises. “Slip three under her hands when she’s ready.”

“I know what to do,” I say, as she follows Vincent out the door. As soon as it closes behind them, I release a breath I didn’t realize I was holding.

Finally. Just her and me.

Are her hands comfortable? I mimic the placement to test it. What about her head? The hairstyle can’t look too matronly. Is she natural enough? Do the eyelids look strained? I tilt her chin. Where would she have liked her head to go? I move it again.

I wish that the people closest to her could see what I do. Then perhaps they could feel that dark things aren’t actually always so dark. Dead things. Bone things. Blood and skin and matter things. It’s now natural that she is this still. That she turns a different color. That parts of her harden. But to the people who knew her and loved her most, it feels better to know that all her openings are sealed shut. Give her face a fresh coat of paint, and put her in a dress that she never even moved in.

As I shift Jennifer’s body into a more natural position, I wonder if her mother is organizing a bathroom renovation that she probably can’t afford. The aunt would organize it. Aunts always spring into action at times like this. They are the ones we argue with the most because they seem to channel all their suffering into creating a space for their siblings to mourn. Aunts write the emails. Aunts haggle over the prices. Aunts are titans in this industry. While holding her sister up, the aunt would be liaising with plumbers and tilers. She would demonstrate the right way to glance around the bathroom, ignoring the dark ring of blood marking the tub, and the rest of the family and the subcontractors would follow her lead with relief.

My concentration is broken by my mother calling out to Judy as she drags the vacuum out of the cupboard. She turns it on, and the high-pitched wail of it merges in and out of harmony with her rendition of “Delta Dawn” as she shunts it across the hallway carpet. There’s a loud thump as she knocks the vacuum head into one of the sofa chairs, almost as if using it as a point to push off from. Judy has joined in with the singing and they both hold a long note together, before my mother voyages so far into the next room that the cord disconnects from the socket and the wailing stops.

As I brush makeup across Jennifer’s face, I wish I could tell her what today will entail. How important it is for her people to see her like this, how they need to witness this image of her at peace before they can begin to feel peace themselves. I want to tell her that people sitting in front of her coffin will be angry and confused by what she did, and that these feelings will be magnified by her three dull cousins singing “In the Arms of an Angel”. I want to tell her that a woman can take another woman’s weight, and that my mother will find her mother and lead her away from it all. They will stand together in front of
the apricot trees outside, with their backs to the other mourners, and my mother will point to the trees and tell Jennifer’s mother that each of these trees loses everything.

Leaves. Flowers. Fruit. Until it’s nothing but sticks under the sky.

She’ll say this part again.

No leaves. No flowers. No fruit.

Her message is significant, so she’ll slow her words down for the next part.

The tree needs to wait. It will all come back if it waits. But it’s a long, long time. Longer than it wants. Longer than anyone feels is natural.

She will take Jennifer’s mother by the hands, and the mother will nod and say she understands that it might take years or decades, but yes, one day her fruit will come back, her leaves, her flowers. She will nod again and wipe her face. I get it, she’ll say. I really get it.

I asked my mother once how long she thought it would take. Lifetimes, she said, but deep down they already know.

By the time I can leave Jennifer it’s an hour before the service and people have already eaten the marzipan and filled the foyer. As I exit the prep room, I pass Judy, who is still humming the song, and I join in on a long, low note with her. As usual, Vincent and my mother are working the room expertly, handing out pamphlets and greeting new guests. I make eye contact with Vincent and give him a subtle nod, and he winks back at me. I pick up my bag from behind Judy’s desk, as well as the spare car keys, and keep my head down as I walk through the crowd to the car park. People know my role here and often feel compelled to speak to me, I think in part because they can’t imagine doing this job themselves and want to break the social barrier between us by being fine with it. I prefer the barrier up. I love my job. The general public tends to squirm around death and anyone associated with the industry, but that reveals more about their own Victorian standards of cleanliness than it does ours. I wish I could tell everyone who approaches me that they absolutely do not have to shake my hand, but they always try. They want to get those barriers down.

Before I start the engine of the Camry, I swipe sweat from my forehead and rummage through the compartment and map pockets looking for a stray water bottle. The interior has absorbed the heat, and the flesh of my thighs stick together, making me feel slightly hysterical. Sweat dots my upper lip and I wipe it away with the back of my hand before unwinding the windows. I’m about to pull out of the car park when I see my mother jogging toward me.

She leans through the window, panting. “You heading to the lookout?”

“Yeah, just for a bit,” I say, hand on the steering wheel, ready to go.

“Need to commune with nature?”

“Always,” I say.

“Do you ever feel his presence there?”

“Nope. Just a good view.”

A Journey to the Underworld in Poems

Debut poetry books are often forecasters of a poet’s potential but every so often, a true masterwork seemingly springs forth fully formed as if the goddess Athena, armor flashing and sword raised. Paul Tran’s full-length collection, All the Flowers Kneeling, arrived ready for war.

All the Flowers Kneeling by Paul Tran

This is an exquisitely crafted labyrinth of a book that deconstructs, decolonizes, and triumphs over a variety of personal and societal traumas that have informed their identity as a transgender first-generation Vietnamese American. Each poem stands proudly on its own but also perfectly connects to the narrative arc as if intricate puzzle pieces. Wielding poetic form and language as weapon and wound, Tran transmogrifies the grotesque to the gorgeous, the victim to the victor, the oppressed to the liberated. At the center of this particular labyrinth is a monster with its bloody heart exposed and whose true face is one of the most powerful thing that ultimately redeems our humanity: love.

I emailed with Tran about their personal and poetic journey constructing the collection, invented forms, and reclaiming/subverting languages and world mythologies as a new decolonized poetics.


Angela María Spring: There are so many striking aspects and themes to the book, but the one that stood out the most to me is that these poems take us through a powerful underworld journey, possibly even more than one. I love underworld journeys, in literature, mythology, and lived reality. I believe all of us who experience childhood trauma undergo our first underworld journeys at a young age and continue traveling there for many years and this collection is a powerful testament to that in so many ways.  

While the poems directly reference the underworld at certain points (for example, “Year of the Monkey”), do you also view the entire collection as one underworld journey, or a journey within a journey (sort of like a Russian doll effect)?

Paul Tran: My debut collection of poetry, All the Flowers Kneeling, is an underworld journey, and it’s a journey within a journey. The architecture mirrors the Greek rhetorical figure of chiasmus. Best understood as a cage within a cage, chiasmus can appear in rhyme as the Petrarchan scheme ABBA or in speech as John Keats submits in the poem, “Ode to a Grecian Urn,” “Beauty is Truth, truth beauty.” In these examples, “beauty” and “A” form the outer cage. “Truth” and “B” form the inner cage. This results in a feeling of emotional or psychological entrapment, of limited progress or stasis.

Such entrapment was my experience as a rape survivor, as a queer and trans person of color, as a child of refugees who had to be the first in my family to graduate high school and attend college. Sometimes I take one step forward and two steps back. Sometimes there’s no victory or redemption, though I so badly wanted there to be. It therefore felt precise to structure the book this way, to resist both personal and public expectation that my survival or success take the form of linear progression, moving simply from A to B or from beauty to truth. 

The book enacts chiasmus by opening with “Orchard of Knowing” in Section 1 and closing with “Orchard of Unknowing” in Section 4, mapping a journey from certainty to doubt, from belief to faith, attachment to a necessary ambivalence. In order for us to make this journey, the book takes the reader into “The Cave” at the beginning of Section 2. The reader encounters evidence that others had been there before, leaving behind images and handprints on the wall, just as I had to discover how the women in my family endured violence for generations. Finally, the book takes the reader out of “The Cave” at the end of Section 3, but not before conscripting the reader to also leave their handprint on the wall, to be part of this unfolding history of survival.

This architecture—this Russian doll effect—also mirrors the story of Scheherazade. Central to the 19-page “sonnet crown within a sonnet crown” that appears in two halves, first at the beginning and then at the end of the book, Scheherazade originally appears in 1001 Nights, a collection of stories in which a king weds and executes a new beloved each morning. To spare her little sister this fate, Scheherazade volunteers to wed the king. She enters his bedchamber at night and proceeds to tell a story. She pauses in the middle of that story to begin another, and then she pauses that story to begin another, ending always on a cliffhanger so that in the morning, upon the hour of her execution, the king asks, “What happens next?” To find out, the king keeps Scheherazade alive, demanding she returns the next evening to resume the stories. Scheherazade returns. She returns for 1001 nights, and out of her stories we get some of our most known tales and myths. Not only did Scheherazade outsmart her destiny, she also gave us both the narrative devices of cliffhanger and frame story.

My book is a frame story. Each poem is a story inside that story, ending on a cliffhanger. It took basically every night of my life to write them, but here I am, still telling my stories, mysteries. The poems and the book brought me here. 

AMS: Why was it important for you to frame the speaker’s healing/redemptive arc through the passage of the underworld and the natural cycle of the seasons?

PT: One of the most known stories is the Greek myth of Persephone. One of the most known poetic works is Dante Alighieri’s The Divine Comedy. Both contain passages through the underworld. Both contend with the seasons of grief, rage, hope, and love. Both are canonical. By writing my passage through the underworld, how I had to be Persephone and Dante, Virgil and Demeter, the lost beloved and the beloved resolved to return from death, I am making an argument. I’m positioning my story next to theirs. I’m saying a story like mine, from voices like mine, the witnesses and primary sources, should matter and matter just as much.

While I make more direct arguments throughout the book, contending with canonical works by Elizabeth Bishop, W.H. Auden, and others, I make this argument via form. The interior sections of “Scheherazade,” for example, are cast in a subtle terza rima to reflect the rhyme scheme of The Divine Comedy. The book itself is cast in four sections, like the four seasons Persephone must endure, again and again. I therefore have deeply political reasons for every decision made in this book, and those political reasons are deeply personal as well.

Though my ambitions might be wild, perhaps lofty or impossible, how could I write about survival and not tackle the commonplace literature of survival imposed upon me from when I first learned to read, write, speak, and dream in English? How could I not expose their oversights? If I thought the master narratives available to me were sufficient for my being, then I would’ve never hungered and dared to be a writer. By writing, I’m implying the master narrative isn’t enough. Let me not imply it; let me say it plain: the master narrative will never be enough. I write to overwrite it. I write to right it. I’m dangerous and happily so. 

AMS: Do you think poets can transcend our suffering through the act of creation or is it more like exorcizing a demon? Or, perhaps, both?

We make because we need; we need because we deserve; and when we belong to communities denied what we deserve and what we need, we make.

PT: This depends on what one understands, or wants, the definition of transcendence to be. Is transcendence the amelioration of suffering? Is it linear progress or the entering of a new suffering, which can be a kind of progress?

I imagine suffering as a self-preserving force: it doesn’t desire to end. It means to elude, to not be detected or named or understood or thwarted. Trauma is this way. As an injury to both the body and the mind, it persists the way a parasite does, replicating inside the host body, grafting its genetic material onto the host’s. For such reasons, so many of us find it impossible to break cycles of violence, of behaviors and choices that threaten our well-being. We find those cycles mutative and metastatic, consistently malignant.

Part of my process was asking whether I even wanted to be understood, whether I wanted to survive and rescue myself from myself, my past, and I shamefully and regretfully realized that often I didn’t. I cleaved to my suffering. I created art that either deflected from my true suffering or merely consoled it, distracting it with false triumphs and righteous rage. I had to want the truth. I had to look in and not just at myself, if I wanted the truth. Truth, in this way, is new knowledge. It wasn’t what I thought I knew. It’s what I discovered and had to, painfully, accept in order to change.

AMS: You interrogate language in such a compelling way, bringing to light the multiple meanings of single words or phrases (“the sharp difference between healing and heeling”) and it’s effective far beyond just being a rhetorical device and I wonder if you also consider the interrogation of the multiple meanings of language is a way to express the multiplicity/possibilities of gender far beyond the binary, as well? 

PT: The intersection of my identities and experiences informs my understanding and use of language. Growing up in a home and neighborhood where Vietnamese was my first vehicle for communicating with the world, I had to distinguish different meanings for the same word. “Ma,” for example, depending on the diacritical marks, could mean mother or ghost. “Nuoc” could mean water or country, or both, depending on the context. Language, whether Vietnamese or English, had a natural ambiguity, and my teachers taught me to exploit the natural ambiguity of language when I write. 

I think, for instance, of my favorite Suji Kwock Kim poem, “Monologue for an Onion,” in which the speaker says, “Poor fool, you are divided at the heart, / Lost in its maze of chambers, blood and love, / A heart that will one day beat you to death.” That final utterance contains lyric ambiguity. It could mean violence, as in the heart will cause the addressee physical harm. It could mean the duality or simultaneity of life and death, as in the heart, which keeps the body alive, is also breaking down slowly as the body ages. It could mean a kind of race, with death as the finish line, and the heart running across that line before the addressee can. And, of course, it could mean the nature of love, which is invoked whenever a heart is invoked.

Whatever the interpretation is, and there are many, relies on who the reader is and what the reader consciously or unconsciously wants the interpretation to be. The poem, therefore, becomes a language game the reader plays, and the game is one in which the reader uses the poem’s materials—its form and content—to make meaning, and to substantiate that meaning with the text. A poem becomes a robust language game when its form and content are intentionally patterned at the level of sound, meter, syntax, grammatical mood, the poetic line, detail, image, figure, and so forth. The more intentional the patterning is the more the reader can play—can stay in the enchantment, the inexhaustible magic.

Lyric ambiguity makes sense to me as well, in terms of my gender, because it pushes language beyond meaning this or that. It’s a “both and” situation, and it’s “neither and,” and it’s “both and neither and.” By activating all the possible meanings at once, I’m interrogating the very meaning of things, and that enterprise is central to this book: What does survival mean? What does a good life look like? What is goodness, in this place and time? And by interrogating meaning, I hope, and intend, to transform meaning itself. 

AMS: Black/Brown/marginalized poets often work through our own erasure with erasures or create erasure and/or collage forms, such as your two “Incident Report” poems, which also reference a Monica Youn poem. How do you view the importance of erasure in both your own work and for contemporary poetry as a whole?

PT: Fire, sometimes, can only be fought with fire. Fire also allows for things to grow, to return to life, as with many California pines that require heat from smoke and flames to produce generations. Through this lens, I understand the importance of erasure for communities that have been and continue to be erased. 

As a queer and trans person of color… I’ve spent my existence looking for the forms my dreams can take.

Even though I want to say my poetics is a poetics of anti-erasure, of recovery or illumination, all of which occurs through my practice of lyric investigation and discovery, I believe anti-erasure results in a kind of necessary erasure. For example, when I appropriate the bureaucratic lexicon of incident or progress report forms, and when I complete the forms with responses that I wish I’d given, or responses I wasn’t permitted to give, I’m revising and therefore erasing what actually happened, what the bureaucracy of the original form denied me, by incorporating my more complete truth and representing myself, and what happened to me, on my own terms and in my own words.

This is not unlike my poem “Scientific Method,” where I borrow the voice of a rhesus monkey separated at birth from its mother and experimented upon to reveal to humans the nature of love, attachment, and early childhood development. That monkey never got to speak back to its oppressors, to the scientists and laboratory technicians who watched it languor for hundreds of days—alone in a cage, sometimes with a bottle of milk, sometimes without, with only a doll made out of terry cloth or wire to serve as a surrogate mother. I ask that monkey for its voice, to render through lyric indirection my own story of isolation, and in return, I give back to that monkey the blank page for it to tell its story, for it to correct the historical record, to disclaim not only how cruel the experiments were, or how the trauma of the experiments impacted its life forever, but how those responsible for harming it were also harmed by their own cruelty. 

Such correction is a necessary erasure. It erases the false narrative, the version of history written by the powerful, and stops the promotion of misinformation, of lies and received ideas that protect the dignity of the few at the expense of the many.

In this light, perhaps every poem participates in a kind of erasure: their existence implies that the author believes, on some level, that what they have to say about a subject matter, and how they say it, is more accurate than what has been said. The author believes that their work adds to the body of work on that subject, and the notion of “adding to” implies whatever is added was missing or found insufficient. That is, ultimately, how art and knowledge production go together. We make because we need; we need because we deserve; and when we belong to communities denied what we deserve and what we need, we make. We fight against our erasure by dismantling, and thus erasing, the systems that would rather we be silent. We fight by inventing.

AMS: You invented a poetic form, “the Hydra” (I love this form and name) for “I See Not Stars but Their Light Reaching across the Distance between Us,” placed in the middle of the collection, the heart of the underworld journey; it is brilliant and complex and everyone should take time with it through multiple readings. Would you share a brief description of the form and how it forms the central tension of the entire collection?

PT: For so long, and still in so many ways, the communities I belong to have been excluded from being “human.” We’re denied our inventions, and our inventions are appropriated by systems of power to suggest shifts in institutionalized power that aren’t shifts at all.

It’s a matter of hubris, I know, to say I invented anything, but the invention of this poetic form saved my life. As a queer and trans person of color, as the first in my family to graduate high school and to go college, and as the first in my family to read, write, and speak in English, I’ve spent my existence looking for the forms my dreams can take. I couldn’t find them, or the forms I found proved insufficient. I had to, therefore, invent my own. As a poet, I learned from my teachers, particularly Carl Phillips and Mary Jo Bang, the imperative to use all the tools of language, to import my idiosyncratic interiority onto the page, and to invent forms that more accurately enacted (for me) and mirrored (for the reader) the emotional and psychological experience of trauma survivors. The Hydra reimagines the sonnet, the sonnet crown, and the sestina to achieve such a form.

The Hydra is a nonce, or invented form, consisting of thirteen sections. Each section is a lyric of thirteen lines. The final line contains thirteen words. The first word of the last line in Section X becomes the first word of the first line in Section Y. The second word of the last line in Section X becomes the first word of the second line in Section Y. This continues for the third through thirteenth words of the last line in Section X and the first words of the third through thirteenth lines in Section Y. 

Confusing? Follow me below:

Bloomed after decades dormant. After dryness and heat. After the rainfall
Blurred the atmosphere. The desert a sea of gold and pink and purple.

Let sprout. Let butterflies and bees and hummingbirds. Let grow

This Desert Gold. This Gravel Ghost. This Golden Evening Primrose. This

Photograph of Notchleaf Phacelia rising three feet high from a bed of stone.

Show the way. Show salt flats and sand dunes and rock. Show faith

That a moment can be a monument. That the monumental can be this momentary.

Human was I who came back and still took for granted the abundance

Nature made known to me. Prince’s Plume. Magnificent Lupine. My suffering

Is that I try to make my suffering beautiful, and I’m no beauty. I’m told that

Nature’s an allegory in which the ego hides. Like the Dark Throat Shooting Star

Cruelest was I who crossed Death Valley to the Valley of Life. By my own

INVENTION, I FOUND A WAY. I’M NO ARTIFACT. BETWEEN ART AND FACT: I.


INVENTION slid into my mind tonight, like a formal feeling, just as

I slid my body into my bodysuit. It was August again.

FOUND in my purse was a boarding pass. And there I was looking through

A telescope in the fog-covered field as someone drew closer.

WAY in the distance, the stars appeared. Still fixed. Still luminous.

I’M going to be far from my pain one day. I’m going to

NO longer feel that pain but something new and just as merciless.

ARTIFACT of the past. Artifice of the future. There I was in the tall grass

BETWEEN the choices I’d made and the choices I was given. The fog’s ambivalent

ART made it so that I saw only what was in front of me.

AND no matter what drew closer—the stranger in the field or the field itself,

FACT or fiction, my need or my desire—I had to focus on what I could see.

I see not stars but their light reaching across the distance between us.

These are Section 12 and Section 13 of the Hydra. The final line in Section 12 is: “Invention, I found a way. I’m no artifact. Between art and fact: I.” The respective first words of the thirteen lines in Section 13 are: invention, I, found, a, way, I’m, no, artifact, between, art, and, fact, I.

The Hydra modifies the sonnet, the sonnet crown, and the sestina to enact the interiority—the emotional and psychological life—of a trauma survivor. Whereas a sonnet has fourteen lines, typically concluding on a conclusive couplet, the Hydra has only thirteen lines, to resist as much as possible the psychological impulse to reach for closure and certitude. Whereas a sonnet crown repeats, typically verbatim, the final line of sonnet X as the first line of sonnet Y, the Hydra repeats in order and verbatim the thirteen words in the final line of section X as the first words of the thirteen lines in section Y, to resist as much as possible the psychological impulse to import, cleanly and clearly, lessons learned from one experience to another. And whereas the sestina deploys word repetition at the end of the line, the Hydra deploys word repetition at the beginning of the line to resist the psychological impulse to move from an unknown beginning to a known end. Instead, by moving from a known beginning to an unknown end, the Hydra enacts the experience of survivors embarking from the immediate aftermath of trauma or extremity toward an imagined future.

I Found My Queer Guidebook in “The Well of Loneliness”

I can’t remember how I happened upon my copy of Radclyffe Hall’s The Well of Loneliness, which is a shame because it’s a first edition. The story in my mind is that it was sent to me by one of my mother’s friends shortly after I came out, but I’m pretty sure I first read it while I was still in the closet, so that can’t be right. Maybe I invented this story because of its narrative advantages; that a book written by an aristocratic English lesbian might be sent to me from an English aristocrat trying to endorse my lesbianism sounds like the sort of story I’d like to be true. I’m not sure that it happened that way, though, and the English aristocrat in question can’t remember either. She thinks it was The Price of Salt.

Anyway, let’s assume for the sake of argument that Lady Fitz-Waterford sent me The Well of Loneliness as a gift when she heard from my mother that I’d told my husband I was leaving him for a life of Sapphic love. I didn’t actually have a Sapphic lover at that point—I was living in the Connecticut suburbs and raising four children largely on my own, which left me a little short on time—but the principle of the matter was that I was a lesbian and, as such, would probably need a companion guide, an instruction manual to show me how to do it properly. 

Radclyffe Hall had been born to a wealthy, respectable British family and so had I; she grew up in the English countryside and so did I; she was a writer and so was I. Charitably, I’m going to assume that Lady Fitz-Waterford hadn’t actually read the book—or its famously depressing ending—and that her intentions had been supportive, not cautionary.   

I was a lesbian and, as such, would probably need a companion guide, an instruction manual to show me how to do it properly.

It’s not a very good book. At best, the writing is dated. At worst, it’s embarrassingly mediocre. But its place in history is unique. Up until its publication in 1928, the English ruling classes had been pretending that sex between women didn’t happen—in case innocent young girls were corrupted into thinking it might be fun to try—so the book was banned as soon as it came out. Of course, the furor surrounding the censorship only served to broadcast across the country that lesbian sex was very much a thing and paved the way for Djuna Barnes to write the much better (and more sexually explicit) novel Nightwood, which must have annoyed the British establishment immensely since it was entirely counterproductive to their original aim.

But Nightwood was not the book I read multiple times, nor was Virginia Woolf’s Orlando, which was published shortly afterward, because I wasn’t looking for literary excellence; I was looking for answers, and each time I read The Well of Loneliness I somehow managed to find them.

The first time I read it I wanted confirmation that the sacrifices I needed to make in the pursuit of true love would be worth it. I was idealistic and naive, certain that my internalized homophobia was the only obstacle standing between myself and eternal happiness; I just needed to figure out how to let go of my past—and the wealthy, white, heterosexual world in which I’d been living—so I could find the woman of my dreams. I devoured The Well of Loneliness in one sitting because I thought it was a book about love and loss, and at the time I felt as if I might lose everything.

I devoured The Well of Loneliness in one sitting because I thought it was a book about love and loss.

The novel’s female protagonist—named Stephen in a surprisingly progressive act of gender-fuckery that I decided not to focus on too closely during that first reading—also had to leave the familiarity and comfort of her homeland before she could find true love, since Paris was the only place to be a lesbian in those days. The book was peppered with longing descriptions of the English countryside, the loss of which could only be justified by Stephen’s desire to live openly with her girlfriend Mary. I could totally identify with this. I was living in self-imposed exile in America, and although I was fully prepared to sacrifice the English countryside at the altar of my desire for a lesbian relationship, I wasn’t so single-minded that I couldn’t indulge in a little sentimental nostalgia now and then.

What I couldn’t identify with, however, was Stephen’s ludicrous decision at the end of the book to send Mary back to England in the arms of a man—the slightly unremarkable Martin—to save her from a life of sexual depravity in Paris. This felt not only like an act of betrayal, but also one of gross stupidity. Wasn’t the whole point of the story that true love—specifically perfect, unadulterated lesbian love—should conquer all? Otherwise why would we be making all these sacrifices? But I reassured myself that lesbian romances weren’t permitted to have happy endings until at least the 1950s (hello The Price of Salt), so this was merely a narrative device that had been designed to rescue the book from censorship. In real life lesbian love would conquer all. Obviously. I mean, we are living in the twenty-first century now. We are allowed to love whomever we choose. 

By the second time I read the book, I had grown a little more discerning. I’d divorced my husband, ditched most of my cis-het friends, found my queer community, and was in a complicated relationship with a woman who was sorely testing my faith in the all-conquering power of lesbian love. Yes, I was irrefutably gay, and yes, sex with women was unquestionably better than with men, but there was still something missing. I was looking for something else, something beyond my lesbian relationship, something that felt more like an identity. 

Yes, I was irrefutably gay, and yes, sex with women was unquestionably better than with men, but there was still something missing.

Up until this point I’d presented as femme—due to a second type of internalized phobia that I wasn’t yet willing to look at—but the more comfortable I got with being a lesbian, the more certain I was that my internal dynamic was on the male end of the spectrum. And yet somehow the butch identity didn’t feel right. Memories surfaced of Stephen’s rakishness, her dandyish wardrobe, and I wondered whether there might be a way of being a masculine-presenting lesbian that was a little more foppish, a little less straight-up butch. So I pulled the book back down from my bookshelf. 

I was surprised this time by how much page space was dedicated to Stephen’s masculinity, details that I hadn’t noticed the first time. I was looking for descriptions of the clothes she wore, but what kept jumping off the page at me were the moments when she seemed confused by her own body. These little revelations were hidden among the text like Easter eggs, but now they felt more visceral than the lengthy, angst-ridden passages dedicated to forbidden love. Stephen spoke of her discomfort about her “hard, boyish forearms,” “the strong line of her jaw,” which gradually grew into an anxiety she couldn’t name, a feeling of being lost, “a great sense of incompleteness,” and then, suddenly: “It’s my face,” she announced, “something’s wrong with my face.”

The sentence sent a chill down my spine. She’d put words to my feelings, voiced the thought that surfaced every time I looked in the mirror. From inside my muffled state of denial, I could hear her trying to acknowledge her own deep-rooted fear of her emerging masculinity, her powerlessness over a body that seemed to be trying to turn male against her will.  

I could hear her trying to acknowledge her own deep-rooted fear of her emerging masculinity.

But for the most part, the rest of the book—when it wasn’t indulging in exhausting descriptions of anguished love—concentrated on Stephen’s desire for gender equality, for a position in society, for the respect of the ruling classes. There was something uncomfortable about her mimicry of upperclass, old-school masculinity—I knew men like these from personal experience and I didn’t like them—but I was interested in her friendship with Martin and her desire for male companionship, although the ending still annoyed me. I understood that Stephen had some kind of martyr complex, but the insistence that Martin take her lover was beginning to look less like an act of grandiose self-sacrifice and more like an act of overt misogyny. Why hadn’t Mary been allowed any say in the matter? 

It was around this time that I decided to name myself for the author. I’d just had a story accepted by the New York Times and I didn’t want to write under a name bequeathed to me by either my father or my ex-husband (because patriarchy). Searching in a hurry for something fitting, I’d settled on Radclyffe, not only because she was an English lesbian, but also because she bore an uncanny resemblance to my grandmother, whom I had adored. Naming myself Radclyffe somehow felt like honoring both my grandmother and my lesbianism at the same time, so Radclyffe I became.

By the third time I read the book, I was specifically looking for the things I’d been trying to avoid seeing in the previous readings. I’d addressed my internalized transphobia and accepted my trans-masculinity, and I wanted to find out whether in a moment of uncanny foreshadowing—or perhaps subconscious intention—I had named myself for someone who might also have been trans.  

I was aware that this was a purely theoretical exercise. The difference between butch and trans is one of self-identification—because there isn’t an objectively defined line on either side of which cis and trans people fall—and, given that the term transgender wasn’t coined until 1965, there would be no way to accurately surmise how Radclyffe Hall might identify today. The only label Stephen applied to herself was that of “congenital invert,” which appears to conflate sexual orientation and gender identity, so it’s difficult to extrapolate from the text how much of her anxiety was related to her masculinity, and how much to her gayness. 

She spoke of “the terrible nerves of the invert … running like live wires through her body … causing a constant and ruthless torment,” and how she must “drag this body of hers like a monstrous fetter imposed upon her spirit,” which sounded suspiciously like gender dysphoria to me, but this described how she felt in childhood, before she had control over her own presentation. I wanted to see if I could find evidence of continued discomfort after Stephen’s butch identity had been actualized; a clue that, like me, identifying as a masculine-presenting woman—and therefore still technically female—hadn’t been enough to relieve her gender dysphoria.

But mostly what I found instead were oblique references to her envy of cis-het masculinity, most notably through the eyes of her dog, who is unapologetic about his preference for male company and always somehow manages to make Stephen feel slightly less than, as if he can smell a whiff of the man about her but is really only humoring her because he loves her. And I couldn’t understand how I’d managed to overlook Stephen’s undeniable misogyny for so long: the superiority, the condescension, the control she exerted over the women she claimed to love.

I couldn’t understand how I’d managed to overlook Stephen’s undeniable misogyny for so long.

Radclyffe Hall paints Mary as an ingenue—consistently referring to her as “the girl” or “my child”—enthralled by Stephen’s superior intellect, whose greatest joy is apparently found in mending Stephen’s clothes, cleaning her house, or hovering silently by her side at the Parisian artists’ salons. It was all beginning to feel a little like literary masturbation, as if The Well of Loneliness was an instruction manual written specifically for Hall’s own partner, Lady Una Troubridge, who by all accounts took it to heart and became exactly the kind of “wife” she’d been instructed to be.

I also wasn’t sure whether my new awareness of—and aversion to—these overtly gendered roles was the result of my having worked so hard to purge them from my own life, or a general evolution into a more empathetic, mature human being, or a side effect of early transition. But I was rubber-necking toxic male behavior everywhere now—a precautionary act of vigilance against adopting the same as I became progressively more masculine—so I suspected it was probably a combination of all three.

And yet, I still couldn’t make a clear call on Stephen’s gender until in the final chapters I finally caught a glimpse of something that might speak to a trans identity. Instead of seeing the dismal ending as a betrayal of true love, as I’d done the first time, or as an irritating act of martyrdom as I’d done the second, in this third reading Martin seemed to represent not just the masculine friendship Stephen craved or the male privilege she envied, but the body she wanted to become. At the end of the penultimate chapter, when she decides to bequeath her lover to him, she “found that she was holding his hand.” This strange act of physical contact now made the transaction seem almost supernatural, as if Stephen had sensed that in the absence of gender-affirming surgery, her “incompleteness” could only be resolved by transference into an actual male body, in this case Martin’s.

I decided to do some more reading—of her biographies, letters and lesser known stories—to see if I could bolster this theory. Eventually, I found a short story published a few years later, in which a female protagonist transforms without warning into a prehistoric man while exploring a cave on the English coast. In “Miss Ogilvy Finds Herself,” the author finally seems to rid herself of all inhibition, exposing a desire for masculinity so extreme that she actually manifests as a caveman, complete with supplicating, half-naked female. It’s almost impossible to read this glaringly obvious symbolism as anything other than a fundamental desire to transition, particularly since she ends the story by killing off the protagonist’s female body. 

It’s almost impossible to read this glaringly obvious symbolism as anything other than a fundamental desire to transition.

So I finally had an answer, although the research it had taken to get there left me feeling a little queasy, since it looked like Radclyffe Hall had not only been a gay rights activist but also a patriarchal misogynist with consensually-ambiguous domination issues. For a brief moment I wondered how I could reconcile myself with bearing the name of someone whose views were so diametrically opposite to mine, until I remembered that ugliness can coexist with beauty, that good people can do bad things, and that we can’t always judge the actions of someone in the past based on our own standards in the present, particularly if that involves devaluing the impact they’ve had on our future. Because however problematic Hall’s position on women, race, and class might seem today, she was still a radical progressive in her own time, and her determination to break through the constraints of her gender not only helped to build a society in which trans people like me could eventually exist, but also one in which I could move away from my own unprogressive background with far greater ease.

As guidebooks go, The Well of Loneliness was far from perfect, but celebrating its existence feels more important to me now than dissecting the flaws of its author. The path from cis-het-presenting to queer or trans isn’t an easy one—I don’t know anyone who has managed to navigate it without falling into a few holes along the way—and let’s face it, sometimes we need someone with a bit of bullheaded persistence to hack through the undergrowth and clear a trail for us, however clumsily they may do it, however unlikable it might make them. My own history isn’t exactly unblemished, but if we lived in fear of exposing our faults, then we’d never write our stories, and the one thing I’m certain of is that more of our stories need to be heard. And if I can hold some compassion in my heart for Radclyffe Hall, in all her messy, dysfunctional, human complexity, then maybe I can remember to do the same for myself.

Books to Read at Every Phase of the Moon

Humans have been working with the moon for millennia, from using its phases for the calendar to farmers using the moon to determine planting and harvesting schedules. We have worshipped her light. We have dedicated holidays to her glory. Who doesn’t love the moon? When I first began basing a lot of my own schedule on the moon’s phases, I was surprised to find how natural it felt. I found my body naturally worked best when it was synced up to the moon.

I worked alongside the moon while writing much of The Boy with a Bird in His Chest, so of course the moon appears a lot in the novel. (Someone cheesier might say, “The moon is a character in my book.”) My debut novel is about Owen Tanner, a boy with a bird named Gail living inside his chest. His mother locks him away for a decade, afraid of what the authorities will do if they discover his secret. Eventually Owen must venture outside, and disaster ensues. After a harrowing escape from a doctor’s office, Owen is sent to live with his uncle and cousin in Puget Sound, Washington. It is here that he finds community with a group of queer punks, all who love the moon.

I thought it would be fun to take this idea of working with the moon’s phases and apply it to the types of books we read. What kind of books would we read when the moon is new? What about when the moon wanes?


New Moon

When the moon is new, it’s a time to begin again, a time to set intentions.

What better way to set intentions than by reading a bildungsroman?

Now is the Hour by Tom Spanbauer

Now is the Hour by Tom Spanbauer follows Rigby John, a gay teenager living in Pocatello, Idaho in the 1970s. Something about Rigby John just doesn’t feel right. He wants out from under his father’s authoritative rule. He wants to escape the small town. Now is the Hour follows Rigby John from when he’s a small child until he’s 18-years-old as he discovers his own sexuality and freedom. An absolute perfect read for when you want to remember how to begin again.

The Thirty Names of Night by Zeyn Joukhadar

The Thirty Names of Night by Zeyn Joukhadar follows a narrator who is unnamed for the first half of the book. As they grieve their mother’s death, they go exploring through New York’s disappearing Syrian neighborhood where they find a journal kept by Laila, a mysterious artist who was adored by their mother. Told in journal entries alternating between Laila and the narrator, The Thirty Names of Night is a book about grief, diaspora, and uncovering a hidden past. Readers will come for the book’s lyrical prose, but they will stay for its incredible magic and honesty.


First Quarter Moon

When the moon is in its first quarter phase, it is ample time to make concrete steps towards the intentions we set when the moon was new.

The Faggots and Their Friends Between Revolutions by Larry Mitchell and Ned Asta

I am uncertain how exactly to describe The Faggots and Their Friends Between Revolutions by Larry Mitchell and Ned Asta. Published originally in 1977 by Calamus Books, a small press started by Ned and Larry with the sole purpose of publishing the book, The Faggots and Their Friends Between Revolutions is a story that is part manifesto, part fairy tale. The book follows several revolutionary groups: the Faggots, the Sissies, the Fairies, and the Women as they all fight against the Men in Suits. The world may be against the revolutionaries but that doesn’t mean they won’t win. For years, the book remained out of print, living only as a PDF shuffled between friends. Nightboat Books reprinted the cult classic in 2019. This is a book to read when it’s time to act.


Full Moon

The full moon is the time for a celebration, an occasion to mark the release of the work you’ve done thus far.

A Dream of a Woman by Casey Plett

Casey Plett’s short story collection, A Dream of a Woman, feels like a snapshot in a moment in time. The collection follows a variety of trans woman as they fall in and out of love, grieve, and grow. The stories are deeply rooted in place: Oregon, New York City, and rural Canada, and while each of the stories depicts conflict and heartbreak, none of it feels wrought or overdone. This is not a collection that relishes in the trauma experienced by the characters, but rather, Plett’s collection is a celebration of transness, of womanhood, and of love. 


Third Quarter Moon

As the moon wanes, it is best to reflect on the intentions set at the beginning of the moon cycle. What is different? What can be released?

Inter State: Essays from California by José Vadi

José Vadi wants to know what it was like for his family who came before him. In his collection of essays titled Inter State, Vadi travels across California, tracking many of the places where his farmworker grandparents migrated to as they followed work. In this masterful collection Vadi, an aging skateboarder, reckons with the gentrification of California, capitalism, and his own family’s lineage.

Little Blue Encyclopedia (for Vivian) by Hazel Jayne Plante

When Vivian, a straight trans woman, dies, her best friend (a queer trans woman) responds the only way she knows how, by writing an encyclopedia about their favorite TV show, Little Blue. Little Blue Encyclopedia (for Vivian) by Hazel Jayne Plante is a book about grief, letting go, and unrequited love. It’s a love letter. Told as encyclopedia entries for an imagined television show, the book is as wonderfully inventive as it is deeply sad. This novel is perfect for when a reader wants to mourn the past so they can move into the future. 


Dark Moon

When the moon goes dark, it is time to be quiet and listen. What do we hear when we stop shuffling and moving forward and wait in the stillness instead?

Unknown Language by Hildegard of Bingen and Huw Lemmey

Unknown Language by Hildegard of Bingen and Huw Lemmey is a dream, a holy vision passed down from on high. A novel written from the perspective of Hildegard of Bingen, a real-world mystic and visionary from the 12th century, Unknown Language follows Hildegard shortly after the apocalypse has begun. Finding angels roaming her town after the rapture, the narrator flees to find a space untouched by the violent authority brought down by God. On Hildegard’s trek, she rediscovers love and herself. A book perfect for dreaming, sure to bring the reader visions of their own.